Genus Raphia (original) (raw)
Classification
Kingdom Animalia (Animals)
Phylum Arthropoda (Arthropods)
Subphylum Hexapoda (Hexapods)
Class Insecta (Insects)
Order Lepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths)
Superfamily Noctuoidea (Owlet Moths and kin)
Family Noctuidae (Owlet Moths)
Subfamily Raphiinae
Genus Raphia
Synonyms and other taxonomic changes
Raphia Hübner, 1821
formerly placed in subfamily Pantheinae by Poole (1989); placed in subfamily Raphiinae by Kitching and Rawlins (1999)
As of 2014, There is now only one recognized species of Raphia in North America. All other previous species (piazzi, coloradensis, abrupta, and elbea) are now considered "parapatric subspecies at best". See here.
Numbers
1 species in the United States and Canada (R. frater). Previously, up to six species were recognized. They are now all considered to be one species.
Print References
Kitching, I.J., and J.E. Rawlins. 1999. (The Noctuoidea, pp. 355-401 in Kristensen N.P. (editor). Lepidoptera: Moths and butterflies. Volume 1: Evolution, systematics and biogeography. Handbook of Zoology/Handbuch der Zoologie. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin/New York).
Schmidt C, Anweiler G (2014) Taxonomy and biogeography of the Nearctic Raphia Hübner (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Raphiinae). ZooKeys 421: 91-113. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.421.7517
Internet References
Moth Photographers Group - pinned adult Raphia species.
pinned adult images of R. coloradensis and frater (CBIF)
links to images plus synonyms and references (Markku Savela, FUNET)
classification in subfamily Raphiinae by Kitching and Rawlins, 1999 (Brian Pitkin, Butterflies and Moths of the World)