Addition polymer (original) (raw)
Polyadice je reakce, při které podobně jako při polymeraci a polykondenzaci vzniká polymer. Monomery mají nejčastěji dvě funkční skupiny a při reakci nastává přesmyk atomu vodíku z jednoho monomeru na druhý. Při polyadici nevzniká žádný vedlejší produkt. Reakce bývají nejčastěji stupňovité. Typickým příkladem využití polyadice je příprava polyuretanů nebo silikonů.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | Polyadice je reakce, při které podobně jako při polymeraci a polykondenzaci vzniká polymer. Monomery mají nejčastěji dvě funkční skupiny a při reakci nastává přesmyk atomu vodíku z jednoho monomeru na druhý. Při polyadici nevzniká žádný vedlejší produkt. Reakce bývají nejčastěji stupňovité. Typickým příkladem využití polyadice je příprava polyuretanů nebo silikonů. (cs) In polymer chemistry, an addition polymer is a polymer that forms by simple linking of monomers without the co-generation of other products. Addition polymerization differs from condensation polymerization, which does co-generate a product, usually water. Addition polymers can be formed by chain polymerization, when the polymer is formed by the sequential addition of monomer units to an active site in a chain reaction, or by polyaddition, when the polymer is formed by addition reactions between species of all degrees of polymerization. Addition polymers are formed by the addition of some simple monomer units repeatedly. Generally polymers are unsaturated compounds like alkenes, alkalines etc. The addition polymerization mainly takes place in free radical mechanism. The free radical mechanism of addition polymerization completed by three steps i.e. Initiation of free radical, Chain propagation, Termination of chain. (en) Poliaddycja – rodzaj reakcji chemicznej, polimeryzacja, w której nie występują produkty uboczne i która ma charakter stopniowy a nie łańcuchowy. W procesie poliaddycji są otrzymywane m.in. poliuretany. Poliaddycja jest procesem polimeryzacji, który podobnie jak polimeryzacja łańcuchowa zachodzi bez produktów ubocznych w każdym akcie propagacji i warunkach silnie nierównowagowych, ale podobnie jak polikondensacja ma ona charakter stopniowy. Obecnie stosowanie tego pojęcie nie jest zalecane przez komisję nazewniczą IUPAC i zastępuje się je nazwą polimeryzacja stopniowa. (pl) Poliadição ou polimerização em cadeia é o processo de polimerização pelo qual se obtém grandes polímeros a partir de monômeros com dupla ligação. Como é uma reação em cadeia, a transformação é rápida e exotérmica. O processo possui três etapas: iniciação, propagação e término. A iniciação pode ser induzida por calor, radiação (ultravioleta ou raios gama) ou pela ação de agentes químicos iniciadores, que é o processo comumente empregado nas indústrias. O agente iniciador é uma molécula termicamente instável que sofre uma Ruptura homolítica e dá origem a dois radicais ativos. Esse radicais ativos atacam a dupla ligação dos monômeros e tranferem o centro ativo para eles, formando uma nova molécula instável. Durante a propagação, a espécie química reativa gerada na iniciação incorpora sucessivamente novas moléculas, transferindo o centro ativo de monômero para monômero. No término, o crescimento da cadeia é interrompido pelo desaparecimento do sítio ativo, que pode ocorrer por reações de combinação, desproporcionamento ou transferência de cadeia. Quando o iniciador é um cátion, a polimerização denomina-se catiônica. Se o iniciador for um ânion, a polimerização é dita aniônica. Um caso típico de poliadição é a formação do poliuretano. (pt) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=CQ0EbEkT5R0C&pg=PA51%7Caccessdate=17 |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 463044 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 6622 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1082927187 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Catalyst dbr:Monomer dbr:Anionic_polymerization dbr:Benzaldehyde dbr:Vinyl_chloride dbr:Degree_of_polymerization dbr:Chemically_inert dbr:Condensation_polymer dbr:Coordination_polymerization dbr:Stoichiometry dbr:Ketone dbr:Patent dbr:Polymerization dbr:Addition_reaction dbc:Polymer_chemistry dbc:Polymerization_reactions dbr:Cationic_polymerization dbr:Ethylene_oxide dbr:PVC dbr:Ring-opening_polymerization dbr:International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry dbr:Teflon dbr:Chain-growth_polymerisation dbr:Biodegradation dbr:IUPAC dbr:Polyethylene dbr:Polyethylene_glycol dbr:Polymer dbr:Polypropylene dbr:Polystyrene dbr:Imperial_Chemical_Industries dbr:Nylon dbr:Nylon_6 dbr:Chain-growth_polymerization dbr:Chain_reaction dbr:Buna_rubber dbr:Saturated_and_unsaturated_compounds dbr:Polyaddition dbr:Polymer_chemistry dbr:PCTFE dbr:Saran_wrap dbr:Vinylidene_chloride dbr:Polyacrylate dbr:Polydispersity dbr:Polyethene dbr:Free-radical_polymerization dbr:Eric_Fawcett_(chemist) dbr:Reginald_Gibson_(chemist) |
| dbp:quote | Chain polymerization: Chain reaction in which the growth of a polymer chain proceeds exclusively by reaction between monomer and active site on the polymer chain with regeneration of the active site at the end of each growth step. (en) |
| dbp:title | IUPAC definition (en) |
| dbp:width | 50.0 (dbd:perCent) |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:Cite_book dbt:Clear dbt:Quote_box dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description |
| dct:subject | dbc:Polymer_chemistry dbc:Polymerization_reactions |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Polymer |
| rdf:type | yago:ChemicalProcess113446390 yago:ChemicalReaction113447361 yago:NaturalProcess113518963 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Process100029677 dbo:ChemicalCompound yago:WikicatPolymerizationReactions |
| rdfs:comment | Polyadice je reakce, při které podobně jako při polymeraci a polykondenzaci vzniká polymer. Monomery mají nejčastěji dvě funkční skupiny a při reakci nastává přesmyk atomu vodíku z jednoho monomeru na druhý. Při polyadici nevzniká žádný vedlejší produkt. Reakce bývají nejčastěji stupňovité. Typickým příkladem využití polyadice je příprava polyuretanů nebo silikonů. (cs) Poliaddycja – rodzaj reakcji chemicznej, polimeryzacja, w której nie występują produkty uboczne i która ma charakter stopniowy a nie łańcuchowy. W procesie poliaddycji są otrzymywane m.in. poliuretany. Poliaddycja jest procesem polimeryzacji, który podobnie jak polimeryzacja łańcuchowa zachodzi bez produktów ubocznych w każdym akcie propagacji i warunkach silnie nierównowagowych, ale podobnie jak polikondensacja ma ona charakter stopniowy. Obecnie stosowanie tego pojęcie nie jest zalecane przez komisję nazewniczą IUPAC i zastępuje się je nazwą polimeryzacja stopniowa. (pl) In polymer chemistry, an addition polymer is a polymer that forms by simple linking of monomers without the co-generation of other products. Addition polymerization differs from condensation polymerization, which does co-generate a product, usually water. Addition polymers can be formed by chain polymerization, when the polymer is formed by the sequential addition of monomer units to an active site in a chain reaction, or by polyaddition, when the polymer is formed by addition reactions between species of all degrees of polymerization. Addition polymers are formed by the addition of some simple monomer units repeatedly. Generally polymers are unsaturated compounds like alkenes, alkalines etc. The addition polymerization mainly takes place in free radical mechanism. The free radical mechani (en) Poliadição ou polimerização em cadeia é o processo de polimerização pelo qual se obtém grandes polímeros a partir de monômeros com dupla ligação. Como é uma reação em cadeia, a transformação é rápida e exotérmica. O processo possui três etapas: iniciação, propagação e término. Quando o iniciador é um cátion, a polimerização denomina-se catiônica. Se o iniciador for um ânion, a polimerização é dita aniônica. Um caso típico de poliadição é a formação do poliuretano. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Polyadice (cs) Addition polymer (en) Poliadição (pt) Poliaddycja (pl) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Addition polymer yago-res:Addition polymer wikidata:Addition polymer http://ckb.dbpedia.org/resource/پۆلیمەری_خستنەسەر dbpedia-cs:Addition polymer dbpedia-hr:Addition polymer dbpedia-hu:Addition polymer dbpedia-ms:Addition polymer dbpedia-pl:Addition polymer dbpedia-pt:Addition polymer dbpedia-sk:Addition polymer https://global.dbpedia.org/id/543vQ |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Addition_polymer?oldid=1082927187&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Addition_polymer |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Addition_polymers dbr:Addition_resin |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Repeat_unit dbr:Condensation_polymer dbr:Polymerization dbr:Acyclic_diene_metathesis dbr:Polymer_degradation dbr:Polystyrene dbr:Nylon_6 dbr:Chain-growth_polymerization dbr:Addition_polymers dbr:Addition_resin |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Addition_polymer |