dbo:abstract |
Aesthetic distance refers to the gap between a viewer's conscious reality and the fictional reality presented in a work of art. When a reader becomes fully engrossed in the illusory narrative world of a book, the author has achieved a close aesthetic distance. If the author then jars the reader from the reality of the story, essentially reminding the reader they are reading a book, the author is said to have "violated the aesthetic distance." (en) 审美距离(英语:Aesthetic Distance),又称“心理距离”。瑞士著名美学家、心理学家E·提出的美学理论。19世纪德国美学家R·费歇尔曾说:“我们只有隔着一定的距离才能看到美,距离本身能美化一切。”但是,布劳所谓审美距离既不是空间距离,也不是时间距离,而是心理距离,即指审美主体与对象在实用性、具体性方面的一种心理间隔。心理距离使主体摆脱现实的利害和欲望,而着重于对象形象的观赏。这样,物我关系即由实用的转变为审美的。这种距离被布劳当作美感的主要特征,甚至当作美学的原理,例如海上乘船遇雾,如果将自身安危置之度外,即与海雾保持心理距离,就可尽情欣赏海雾的奇观。 布劳还对“心理距离”提出了“距离的矛盾”、“距离的变化”、“距离的极限”等补充和限制。他强调距离不能太远,也不能太近。太远谓之“”(over-distance),它完全排除主体个人的愿望和爱好,使主体与对象毫不相关,因而主体不能发生美感。太近谓之“差距” (under-dis-tance),它又使实用的动机压倒了美感。距离太远或太近,都会使距离消失。这距离的消失点称为“距离极限”。 由于距离既因人而异,又因对象的特性而异,所以,“距离极限”同样也是变化的。总之,布劳以心理距离来规定和解释美感现象,从一个特定的角度讨论了美感发生的条件。但是,美感虽是一种心理现象,却是与美相关的一种特殊的心理现象。布劳回避对于美及其规律的研究,回避美感与美的关系问题,也就回避了美感的根本问题,不可能正确揭示美感的主要特征。他关于非功利的纯粹美感的设想,并不完全合乎美感的实际。从而对于怎样的距离才是适当的,也只能作出含混的回答。布劳的这个理论是在他1912年发表的一篇论文中提出来的,论文题为《作为一个艺术中之要素与美学原理的“心理距离”》。在戏剧上,审美距离指观众不应混淆舞台表演与现实世界的距离。例如不应该真正去憎恨扮演土匪的演员。布莱希特称这种规则为疏远化。审美距离的存在并不排除观众方面出现某种“对号入座”的现象。 (zh) |
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Aesthetic distance refers to the gap between a viewer's conscious reality and the fictional reality presented in a work of art. When a reader becomes fully engrossed in the illusory narrative world of a book, the author has achieved a close aesthetic distance. If the author then jars the reader from the reality of the story, essentially reminding the reader they are reading a book, the author is said to have "violated the aesthetic distance." (en) 审美距离(英语:Aesthetic Distance),又称“心理距离”。瑞士著名美学家、心理学家E·提出的美学理论。19世纪德国美学家R·费歇尔曾说:“我们只有隔着一定的距离才能看到美,距离本身能美化一切。”但是,布劳所谓审美距离既不是空间距离,也不是时间距离,而是心理距离,即指审美主体与对象在实用性、具体性方面的一种心理间隔。心理距离使主体摆脱现实的利害和欲望,而着重于对象形象的观赏。这样,物我关系即由实用的转变为审美的。这种距离被布劳当作美感的主要特征,甚至当作美学的原理,例如海上乘船遇雾,如果将自身安危置之度外,即与海雾保持心理距离,就可尽情欣赏海雾的奇观。 布劳还对“心理距离”提出了“距离的矛盾”、“距离的变化”、“距离的极限”等补充和限制。他强调距离不能太远,也不能太近。太远谓之“”(over-distance),它完全排除主体个人的愿望和爱好,使主体与对象毫不相关,因而主体不能发生美感。太近谓之“差距” (under-dis-tance),它又使实用的动机压倒了美感。距离太远或太近,都会使距离消失。这距离的消失点称为“距离极限”。 (zh) |
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Aesthetic distance (en) 审美距离 (zh) |
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