Air-launched ballistic missile (original) (raw)
الصاروخ الباليستي الذي يطلق من الجو هو صاروخ باليستي يطلق من قاذفة طائرة يمكن لها إطلاقه من الجو على أهداف بعيدة جدا عن الهدف مما يسمح لها بالبقاء خارج نطاق الأسلحة الدفاعية مثل الصواريخ المضادة للطائرات والطائرات الاعتراضية. يكون الصاروخ، بعد إطلاقه، في مأمن من اعتراضه. هذا المزيج من الميزات يبقي للقاذفة الاستراتيجية القدرة على الردع في حالات الضربة الثانية في عصر قللت مضادات الطائرات من قدرات قاذفات القنابل التقليدية.
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| dbo:abstract | الصاروخ الباليستي الذي يطلق من الجو هو صاروخ باليستي يطلق من قاذفة طائرة يمكن لها إطلاقه من الجو على أهداف بعيدة جدا عن الهدف مما يسمح لها بالبقاء خارج نطاق الأسلحة الدفاعية مثل الصواريخ المضادة للطائرات والطائرات الاعتراضية. يكون الصاروخ، بعد إطلاقه، في مأمن من اعتراضه. هذا المزيج من الميزات يبقي للقاذفة الاستراتيجية القدرة على الردع في حالات الضربة الثانية في عصر قللت مضادات الطائرات من قدرات قاذفات القنابل التقليدية. (ar) An air-launched ballistic missile or ALBM is a ballistic missile launched from an aircraft. An ALBM allows the launch aircraft to stand off at long distances from its target, keeping it well outside the range of defensive weapons like anti-aircraft missiles and interceptor aircraft. Historically, once launched the missile was essentially immune to interception due to a lack of capable anti-ballistic missiles, with those few that did exist being limited to known static positions. This combination of features allowed a strategic bomber to present a credible deterrent second-strike option in an era when improving anti-aircraft defences appeared to be rendering conventional bombers obsolete. However, by the 1990's surface-to-air missile technology had innovated to the point of allowing the interception of such weapons (especially in their terminal phase) from road mobile systems, albeit at a lower PoK. By the early 21st century capable, dedicated, ABM systems from several nations had been deployed in significant numbers (with examples including upgraded MIM-104 Patriot and S-300, THADD, SM-3, and S-400), spurring further innovation in hypersonic glide vehicles to penetrate such systems and keep ballistic missiles capable. The ALBM concept was studied in the US as a way to ensure the usefulness and survivability of their large bomber fleet. After testing several experimental designs as part of the WS-199 efforts, the U.S. Air Force began development of the GAM-87 Skybolt missile with range on the order of 1,150 miles (1,850 km). The only other major force relying on strategic bombers was the Royal Air Force, who also selected the Skybolt to arm their V bomber fleet. The Soviet Union moved their strategic force directly to Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles. Skybolt ultimately failed several key tests, while the US Navy's UGM-27 Polaris offered the same advantages and more. Skybolt was cancelled, leading to the Skybolt crisis and an agreement to sell Polaris to the Royal Navy as part of the Nassau Agreement. The concept saw little active development until the 1970s when ICBM warheads began to become accurate enough to attack other ICBMs while they were still on the ground. The US carried out several experiments using existing missile designs dropped from cargo aircraft, but ultimately abandoned this line of research entirely. No further strategic ALBM development has been carried out by the US, and this class of missile never saw active use. (en) Un missile aérobalistique (ou ALBM pour air-launched ballistic missile) est un missile balistique lancé depuis un aéronef. (fr) Un missile balistico aviolanciato (o ALBM, dall'inglese Air-launched ballistic missile) è un missile balistico lanciato da un aeroplano. Questa classe di missili non entrò mai in servizio attivo. L'unico sistema d'arma ideato per questo profilo di utilizzo fu lo statunitense AGM-48 Skybolt, progettato per essere lanciato dai bombardieri strategici B-52 Stratofortress o dagli Avro Vulcan. Il missile venne sviluppato dalla United States Air Force, con un interessamento per l'acquisto anche da parte del Regno Unito, ma il programma venne cancellato nel 1962 a causa delle difficoltà tecniche e dell'aumento dei costi in ragione dei quali gli Stati Uniti e i britannici preferirono concentrarsi sul programma UGM-27 Polaris, missili lanciati da sottomarini. Nei primi anni settanta, l'USAF effettuò delle prove di lancio del missile ICBM Minuteman da un aereo da trasporto C-5A Galaxy. Il 24 ottobre 1974, la Space and Missile Systems Organization effettuò con successo uno studio di fattibilità della soluzione, quando un aereo C-5A Galaxy sganciò un missile da 86000 libbre da circa 20000 ft al di sopra dell'Oceano Pacifico. Il missile scese fino a una quota di 8000 ft, altezza in cui vennero accesi i motori. L'accensione durò 10 secondi durante i quali il missile ritornò con i propri mezzi a quota 20000 piedi prima di farlo cadere intenzionalmente nell'oceano. La prova dimostrò la fattibilità del lancio di missili balistici intercontinentali dall'aria. L'impiego operativo fu però scartato a causa delle complicazioni tecniche e di sicurezza correlate, sebbene la possibilità di questo tipo di impiego venne utilizzata come argomento nei negoziati relativi agli Accordi SALT. (it) 空中発射弾道ミサイル（くうちゅうはっしゃだんどうミサイル、英語: air-launched ballistic missile, ALBM）は、航空機に搭載され、空中で発射されて目標へ弾道飛行する弾道ミサイルの一種である。 (ja) Um míssil balístico lançado a ar ou MBLA é um míssil balístico lançado de uma aeronave. Um MBLA permite que a aeronave de lançamento fique a longas distâncias de seu alvo, mantendo-a bem fora do alcance de armas defensivas como mísseis antiaéreos e aeronaves interceptadoras. Uma vez lançado, o míssil é essencialmente imune à interceptação. Esta combinação de características permitiu que um bombardeiro estratégico apresentasse uma opção de dissuasão crível em uma era ao melhorar as defesas antiaéreas parecia tornar os bombardeiros convencionais obsoletos. (pt) 空射弹道导弹是指从飞机上发射的弹道导弹。发射導彈的飞机可与打擊目标保持较远距离，並远离對方的防空導彈和拦截机等防御性武器的射程。导弹一旦從飛機上发射，基本上就不会被拦截。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | الصاروخ الباليستي الذي يطلق من الجو هو صاروخ باليستي يطلق من قاذفة طائرة يمكن لها إطلاقه من الجو على أهداف بعيدة جدا عن الهدف مما يسمح لها بالبقاء خارج نطاق الأسلحة الدفاعية مثل الصواريخ المضادة للطائرات والطائرات الاعتراضية. يكون الصاروخ، بعد إطلاقه، في مأمن من اعتراضه. هذا المزيج من الميزات يبقي للقاذفة الاستراتيجية القدرة على الردع في حالات الضربة الثانية في عصر قللت مضادات الطائرات من قدرات قاذفات القنابل التقليدية. (ar) Un missile aérobalistique (ou ALBM pour air-launched ballistic missile) est un missile balistique lancé depuis un aéronef. (fr) 空中発射弾道ミサイル（くうちゅうはっしゃだんどうミサイル、英語: air-launched ballistic missile, ALBM）は、航空機に搭載され、空中で発射されて目標へ弾道飛行する弾道ミサイルの一種である。 (ja) Um míssil balístico lançado a ar ou MBLA é um míssil balístico lançado de uma aeronave. Um MBLA permite que a aeronave de lançamento fique a longas distâncias de seu alvo, mantendo-a bem fora do alcance de armas defensivas como mísseis antiaéreos e aeronaves interceptadoras. Uma vez lançado, o míssil é essencialmente imune à interceptação. Esta combinação de características permitiu que um bombardeiro estratégico apresentasse uma opção de dissuasão crível em uma era ao melhorar as defesas antiaéreas parecia tornar os bombardeiros convencionais obsoletos. (pt) 空射弹道导弹是指从飞机上发射的弹道导弹。发射導彈的飞机可与打擊目标保持较远距离，並远离對方的防空導彈和拦截机等防御性武器的射程。导弹一旦從飛機上发射，基本上就不会被拦截。 (zh) An air-launched ballistic missile or ALBM is a ballistic missile launched from an aircraft. An ALBM allows the launch aircraft to stand off at long distances from its target, keeping it well outside the range of defensive weapons like anti-aircraft missiles and interceptor aircraft. Historically, once launched the missile was essentially immune to interception due to a lack of capable anti-ballistic missiles, with those few that did exist being limited to known static positions. This combination of features allowed a strategic bomber to present a credible deterrent second-strike option in an era when improving anti-aircraft defences appeared to be rendering conventional bombers obsolete. However, by the 1990's surface-to-air missile technology had innovated to the point of allowing the int (en) Un missile balistico aviolanciato (o ALBM, dall'inglese Air-launched ballistic missile) è un missile balistico lanciato da un aeroplano. Questa classe di missili non entrò mai in servizio attivo. L'unico sistema d'arma ideato per questo profilo di utilizzo fu lo statunitense AGM-48 Skybolt, progettato per essere lanciato dai bombardieri strategici B-52 Stratofortress o dagli Avro Vulcan. Il missile venne sviluppato dalla United States Air Force, con un interessamento per l'acquisto anche da parte del Regno Unito, ma il programma venne cancellato nel 1962 a causa delle difficoltà tecniche e dell'aumento dei costi in ragione dei quali gli Stati Uniti e i britannici preferirono concentrarsi sul programma UGM-27 Polaris, missili lanciati da sottomarini. (it) |
| rdfs:label | صاروخ باليستي يطلق من الجو (ar) Air-launched ballistic missile (en) Missile aérobalistique (fr) Missile balistico aviolanciato (it) 空中発射弾道ミサイル (ja) Míssil balístico lançado do ar (pt) 空射弹道导弹 (zh) |
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