Allanite (original) (raw)
Ο αλλανίτης (Allanite), γνωστός επίσης και ως ορθίτης (orthite) είναι το πλέον κοινό ορυκτό των σπανίων γαιών και οικονομικά εκμεταλλεύσιμο καθώς μπορεί να αποτελείται από ποσοστό έως 20% από αυτά τα μέταλλα. Συχνά εμφανίζεται ραδιενεργός, κυρίως λόγω της παρουσίας θορίου στη σύστασή του. Το όνομά του αποδόθηκε προς τιμήν του Σκώτου ορυκτολόγου Τόμας Άλλαν (Thomas Allan, 1777 - 1833), ο οποίος και τον πρωτοεντόπισε.
_-_Mary_Kathleen_Mine,_Mount_Isa,_Queensland,_Australia.jpg?width=300)
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| dbo:abstract | Allanite (also called orthite) is a sorosilicate group of minerals within the broader epidote group that contain a significant amount of rare-earth elements. The mineral occurs mainly in metamorphosed clay-rich sediments and felsic igneous rocks. It has the general formula A2M3Si3O12[OH], where the A sites can contain large cations such as Ca2+, Sr2+, and rare-earth elements, and the M sites admit Al3+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Fe2+, or Mg2+ among others. However, a large amount of additional elements, including Th, U, Be, Zr, P, Ba, Cr and others may be present in the mineral. The International Mineralogical Association lists four minerals in the allanite group, each recognized as a unique mineral: allanite-(Ce), allanite-(La), allanite-(Nd), and allanite-(Y), depending on the dominant rare earth present: cerium, lanthanum, neodymium or yttrium. Allanite contains up to 20% rare-earth elements and is a valuable source of them. The inclusion of thorium and other radioactive elements in allanite results in some interesting phenomena. Allanite often has a pleochroic halo of radiation damage in the minerals immediately adjacent. Also highly radioactive grains of allanite often have their structure disrupted or are metamict. The age of allanite grains that have not been destroyed by radiation can be determined using different techniques. Allanite is usually black in color, but can be brown or brown-violet. It is often coated with a yellow-brown alteration product, likely limonite. It crystallizes in the monoclinic system and forms prismatic crystals. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5–6 and a specific gravity of 3.5–4.2. It is also pyrognomic, meaning that it becomes incandescent at a relatively low temperature of about 95 °C. It was discovered in 1810 and named for the Scottish mineralogist Thomas Allan (1777–1833). The type locality is Aluk Island, Greenland, where it was first discovered by Karl Ludwig Giesecke. (en) Ο αλλανίτης (Allanite), γνωστός επίσης και ως ορθίτης (orthite) είναι το πλέον κοινό ορυκτό των σπανίων γαιών και οικονομικά εκμεταλλεύσιμο καθώς μπορεί να αποτελείται από ποσοστό έως 20% από αυτά τα μέταλλα. Συχνά εμφανίζεται ραδιενεργός, κυρίως λόγω της παρουσίας θορίου στη σύστασή του. Το όνομά του αποδόθηκε προς τιμήν του Σκώτου ορυκτολόγου Τόμας Άλλαν (Thomas Allan, 1777 - 1833), ο οποίος και τον πρωτοεντόπισε. (el) Allanit (auch Orthit) ist die Sammelbezeichnung für ein nicht näher bestimmtes Mineral einer Mischkristallreihe mit den von der International Mineralogical Association (IMA) anerkannten EndgliedernAllanit-(Ce), Allanit-(La), Allanit-(Nd) und Allanit-(Y) aus der Mineralklasse der „Silikate und Germanate“. Strukturell gehören die Allanite zu den Gruppensilikaten (Sorosilikaten). Alle Mitglieder der Allanit-Serie kristallisieren im monoklinen Kristallsystem mit folgender, idealisierter chemischer Zusammensetzung: * Allanit-(Ce) - CaCe(Al2Fe2+)[O|OH |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Allanite-(Ce)_-_Mary_...,_Queensland,_Australia.jpg?width=300 |
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| dbo:wikiPageLength | 6194 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1124091810 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:2v | Measured: 40° to 80° (en) |
| dbp:birefringence | δ = 0.018–0.031 (en) |
| dbp:caption | Allanite from the Mt. Isa – Cloncurry area, Queensland, Australia (en) |
| dbp:category | dbr:Sorosilicates |
| dbp:class | Prismatic (en) |
| dbp:cleavage | Imperfect to poor (en) |
| dbp:color | Brown to black (en) |
| dbp:diaphaneity | Translucent to opaque (en) |
| dbp:dispersion | r > v; strong (en) |
| dbp:formula | 233 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:fracture | Conchoidal to uneven (en) |
| dbp:gravity | 3.500000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:habit | Crystals tabular, prismatic to acicular; granular, massive; commonly metamict (en) |
| dbp:imasymbol | Aln (en) |
| dbp:luster | Vitreous, resinous to submetallic (en) |
| dbp:mohs | 5.500000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:name | Allanite (en) |
| dbp:opticalprop | Biaxial (en) |
| dbp:other | 25 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:pleochroism | X = pale olive-green, reddish brown; (en) Y = dark brown, brownish yellow; (en) Z = dark reddish brown, greenish brown (en) |
| dbp:refractive | nα = 1.715–1.791, nβ = 1.718–1.815, nγ = 1.733–1.822 (en) |
| dbp:streak | Grey (en) |
| dbp:strunz | 9 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:symmetry | P21/m (en) |
| dbp:system | dbr:Monoclinic |
| dbp:tenacity | Brittle (en) |
| dbp:twinning | Polysynthetic, common on {100} (en) |
| dbp:unitCell | a = 8.927, b = 5.761 (en) c = 10.15 [Å]; β = 114.77°; Z = 2 (en) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Epidote_group dbc:Yttrium_minerals dbc:Minerals_in_space_group_11 dbc:Aluminium_minerals dbc:Calcium_minerals dbc:Iron(II,III)_minerals dbc:Monoclinic_minerals dbc:Lanthanide_minerals |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Group |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing dul:ChemicalObject dbo:ChemicalSubstance wikidata:Q7946 dbo:Mineral yago:WikicatCalciumMinerals yago:WikicatLanthanideMinerals yago:WikicatMinerals yago:WikicatMonoclinicMinerals yago:WikicatThoriumMinerals yago:WikicatSilicateMinerals yago:WikicatSilicates yago:Abstraction100002137 yago:Chemical114806838 yago:Compound114818238 yago:Material114580897 yago:Matter100020827 yago:Mineral114662574 yago:Part113809207 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Relation100031921 yago:WikicatIronMinerals yago:WikicatYttriumMinerals dbo:Band yago:Salt115010703 yago:Silicate115040033 yago:Substance100019613 yago:WikicatAluminiumMinerals yago:WikicatRadioactiveMinerals |
| rdfs:comment | Ο αλλανίτης (Allanite), γνωστός επίσης και ως ορθίτης (orthite) είναι το πλέον κοινό ορυκτό των σπανίων γαιών και οικονομικά εκμεταλλεύσιμο καθώς μπορεί να αποτελείται από ποσοστό έως 20% από αυτά τα μέταλλα. Συχνά εμφανίζεται ραδιενεργός, κυρίως λόγω της παρουσίας θορίου στη σύστασή του. Το όνομά του αποδόθηκε προς τιμήν του Σκώτου ορυκτολόγου Τόμας Άλλαν (Thomas Allan, 1777 - 1833), ο οποίος και τον πρωτοεντόπισε. (el) L'allanite est une famille de minéraux du groupe des silicates, sous-groupe des sorosilicates. Elle forme l'une des trois familles du groupe structural des épidotes avec la famille de la clinozoïsite et celle de la dollaseite. La famille des allanites regroupe 17 minéraux reconnus par l'Association internationale de minéralogie. Elle est caractérisée par la présence systématique de terres rares, et plus particulièrement le lanthane, le cérium, le néodyme et l'yttrium. (fr) Alanit (juga disebut ortit) adalah sebuah grup mineral dari kelompok epidot yang mengandung sejumlah besar . Mineral tersebut kebanyakan terdapat pada sedimen tanah liat yang kaya metamorfosis dan batuan beku felsik. Mineral tersebut memiliki formula umum A2M3Si3O12[OH], di mana situs A dapat memuat kation besar seperti Ca2+, Sr2+, dan , dan situs M memuat Al3+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Fe2+, atau Mg2+ beserta lainnya. (in) 갈렴석(褐簾石, 영어: Allanite)은 단사정계에 속하는 규산염 광물의 일종이다. 화학식은 (Ce,Ca,Y,La)2(Al,Fe+3)3(SiO4)3(OH)이다. 녹렴석 그룹에 속한다. (ko) Het mineraal allaniet of orthiet is een monoklien cerium-calcium-yttrium-aluminium-ijzer-silicaat met de chemische formule (Ce,Ca,Y, La,Th)2(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)3(OH). Het sorosilicaat behoort tot de epidoot-groep. (nl) Allanit (ortyt) – minerał z grupy krzemianów, odmiana epidotu. Należy do grupy minerałów rzadkich. Nazwa pochodzi od nazwiska amerykańskiego mineraloga (1777–1833). (pl) Орти́т (др.-греч. ὀρθός — прямой, правильный) — редкий минерал островного строения группы эпидота класса силикатов. Был открыт в 1810 году шотландским минералогом (1777—1833). Название получил в 1818 году из-за призматической формы кристаллов. Имеет много синонимов: алланит (в честь первооткрывателя), багратионит, боденит, муромонтит, тавтотит, церин, церепидот. (ru) Ортит, алланіт — мінерал класу силікатів з групи епідоту, складний діортосилікат острівної будови. (uk) Allanite (also called orthite) is a sorosilicate group of minerals within the broader epidote group that contain a significant amount of rare-earth elements. The mineral occurs mainly in metamorphosed clay-rich sediments and felsic igneous rocks. It has the general formula A2M3Si3O12[OH], where the A sites can contain large cations such as Ca2+, Sr2+, and rare-earth elements, and the M sites admit Al3+, Fe3+, Mn3+, Fe2+, or Mg2+ among others. However, a large amount of additional elements, including Th, U, Be, Zr, P, Ba, Cr and others may be present in the mineral. The International Mineralogical Association lists four minerals in the allanite group, each recognized as a unique mineral: allanite-(Ce), allanite-(La), allanite-(Nd), and allanite-(Y), depending on the dominant rare earth pres (en) La allanita, también llamada ortita es un mineral de la clase 9 (silicatos), según la clasificación de Strunz, que recibe su nombre del mineralogista escocés (1777-1833). La allanita-(Ce) pertenece al grupo de la epidota, contiene cerio y otros elementos de tierras raras y es mucho más abundante que la Allanita-(Y).Allanita-(Y) es rica en itrio. Puede ser radiactiva por estos elementos de tierras raras y la posible presencia de torio. (es) Allanit (auch Orthit) ist die Sammelbezeichnung für ein nicht näher bestimmtes Mineral einer Mischkristallreihe mit den von der International Mineralogical Association (IMA) anerkannten EndgliedernAllanit-(Ce), Allanit-(La), Allanit-(Nd) und Allanit-(Y) aus der Mineralklasse der „Silikate und Germanate“. Strukturell gehören die Allanite zu den Gruppensilikaten (Sorosilikaten). Alle Mitglieder der Allanit-Serie kristallisieren im monoklinen Kristallsystem mit folgender, idealisierter chemischer Zusammensetzung: (de) 褐簾石 (かつれんせき、アラナイト、Allanite) は希土類元素を多量に含む、緑簾石グループに属するソロケイ酸塩鉱物。主に泥質の変成岩や珪長質の火成岩に生成する。一般的な化学式はA2M3Si3O12[OH]で、Aサイトにはイオン半径の大きなCa2+、Sr2+、希土類元素イオンが入る。MサイトにはAl3+、Fe3+、Mn3+、Fe2+、Mg2+などが入る。しかし、Th、U、Zr、P、Ba、Crなどが入ることもある。国際鉱物学連合によると褐簾石グループに属する鉱物はセリウム褐簾石 (Allanite-(Ce))、ランタン褐簾石 (Allanite-(La))、ネオジム褐簾石 (Allanite-(Nd))、イットリウム褐簾石 (Allanite-(Y)) の4つある。最も多い希土類元素はそれぞれセリウム、ランタン、ネオジム、イットリウムである。 褐簾石は最大20%の希土類元素を含み、有用な希土類元素の原料となる。トリウムなどの放射性元素が入ることに伴う現象が観察される。があることが多く、放射能が高い場合は結晶構造が破壊されていることもある（）。放射線により破壊されていない褐簾石の年代はそれとは異なる方法で決定される。 (ja) A allanita é um mineral da classe 9 (silicatos) segundo a Classificação de Strunz, seu nome, assim como muitos outros minerais, deriva do nome de um mineralogista, nesse caso, o escocês (1777-1833). A Allanita-(Ce) pertence ao grupo do epídoto, essa variedade contém o elemento cério e alguns outros elementos terras raras, e é muito mais abundante que a Allanita-(Y). A Allanita-(Y) é uma variedade rica no elemento ítrio e é muito menos abundante. Seus cristais podem ser prismáticos ou tabulares, podendo ocorrer também na forma de grãos incrustados em rochas. (pt) Allanit, tidigare ortit, är numera ett samlingsnamn för olika mineral i allanit-undergruppen med den idealiserande formeln (Ca,REE)Al2Fe2+[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH) där REE står för en dominerande sällsynt jordartsmetall; cerium Ce, lantan La, neodym Nd eller yttrium Y. Även andra sällsynta jordartsmetaller kan ingå i lägre halt. Allanitgruppen ingår i epidotsupergruppen. En stor mängd andra grundämnen såsom torium, uran, zirkonium, fosfor, barium och krom också förekomma. Det är omdiskuterat vad som i litteraturen egentligen menas med allanit. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Allanite (en) Allanit (de) Αλλανίτης (el) Allanita (es) Alanit (in) Allanite (fr) 褐簾石 (ja) 갈렴석 (ko) Allanit (pl) Allaniet (nl) Allanita (pt) Ортит (ru) Allanit (sv) Ортит (uk) |
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