Alloprotein (original) (raw)
An alloprotein is a novel synthetic protein containing one or more "non-natural" amino acids. Non-natural in the context means an amino acid either not occurring in nature (novel and synthesised amino acids), or occurring in nature but not naturally occurring within proteins (natural but non-proteinogenic amino acids). Alloprotein uses include the incorporation of unusual or heavy atoms for diffractive structure analysis, photo-reactive linkers, fluorescent groups (used as labelled probes), and molecular switches for signaling pathways.
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| dbo:abstract | An alloprotein is a novel synthetic protein containing one or more "non-natural" amino acids. Non-natural in the context means an amino acid either not occurring in nature (novel and synthesised amino acids), or occurring in nature but not naturally occurring within proteins (natural but non-proteinogenic amino acids). The possibility for novel amino acids and proteins arises because, in nature, the genetic code responsible for protein structure has 64 possible codons available for encoding all amino acids used in proteins (4 nucleotides in each of 3 bases; 4 x 4 x 4 gives 64 possible combinations); however, in human beings and other eukaryotes, these encode for just 20 standard amino acids. This level of information redundancy within the codon table is known in biochemistry as degeneracy. It opens the door for new amino acids to be potentially encoded. One approach takes advantage of the redundancy of the 3 codons that encode a "stop" signal. If one of these can be substituted by another stop codon, then that codon can in principle be "reassigned" (along with requisite tRNA, release factor and enzyme modifications) to code for a novel amino acid without affecting other existing codings. Using this approach, alloproteins and novel amino acids can be created by techniques that "expand" the genetic code to include additional novel codings, using newly devised codons and related tRNA (transfer RNA) and tRNA synthetase enzymes (aminoacyl tRNA synthetase). The usual mechanisms, which produce amino acids and combine them into proteins, then produce novel or non-proteinogenic amino acids and incorporate them to make novel proteins the same way. In 2010 this technique was used to reassign a codon in the genetic code of the bacterium E. coli, modifying it to produce and incorporate a novel amino acid, without adversely affecting existing encodings or the organism itself. Alloprotein uses include the incorporation of unusual or heavy atoms for diffractive structure analysis, photo-reactive linkers, fluorescent groups (used as labelled probes), and molecular switches for signaling pathways. (en) |
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| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1072503156 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase dbr:Nucleotide dbr:Biochemistry dbr:Human_being dbr:Release_factor dbr:University_of_Tokyo dbr:Genetic_code dbr:Transfer_RNA dbr:Enzyme dbr:Proteinogenic dbr:Nucleobase dbr:Synthetic_biology dbr:Bacterium dbr:Codon dbr:Amino_acid dbc:Synthetic_biology dbr:DNA_codon_table dbr:Escherichia_coli dbr:Eukaryote dbr:Fluorescence dbr:Protein dbr:Redundancy_(information_theory) dbr:Atom dbr:X-ray_diffraction dbr:Expanded_genetic_code dbr:Molecular_switch dbr:TRNA dbr:Synthetase dbr:Photocrosslinker |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:See_also |
| dcterms:subject | dbc:Synthetic_biology |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Protein |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing dbo:Protein |
| rdfs:comment | An alloprotein is a novel synthetic protein containing one or more "non-natural" amino acids. Non-natural in the context means an amino acid either not occurring in nature (novel and synthesised amino acids), or occurring in nature but not naturally occurring within proteins (natural but non-proteinogenic amino acids). Alloprotein uses include the incorporation of unusual or heavy atoms for diffractive structure analysis, photo-reactive linkers, fluorescent groups (used as labelled probes), and molecular switches for signaling pathways. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Alloprotein (de) Alloprotein (en) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids dbr:Expanded_genetic_code |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:Alloprotein wikidata:Alloprotein dbpedia-de:Alloprotein https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4NkUz |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Alloprotein?oldid=1072503156&ns=0 |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:Alloprotein |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Amino_acid dbr:Expanded_genetic_code |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Alloprotein |