Altruism theory of voting (original) (raw)
The altruism theory of voting is a model of voter behavior which states that if citizens in a democracy have "social" preferences for the welfare of others, the extremely low probability of a single vote determining an election will be outweighed by the large cumulative benefits society will receive from the voter's preferred policy being enacted, such that it is rational for an “altruistic” citizen, who receives utility from helping others, to vote. Altruistic voting has been compared to purchasing a lottery ticket, in which the probability of winning is extremely low but the payoff is large enough that the expected benefit outweighs the cost.
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| dbo:abstract | The altruism theory of voting is a model of voter behavior which states that if citizens in a democracy have "social" preferences for the welfare of others, the extremely low probability of a single vote determining an election will be outweighed by the large cumulative benefits society will receive from the voter's preferred policy being enacted, such that it is rational for an “altruistic” citizen, who receives utility from helping others, to vote. Altruistic voting has been compared to purchasing a lottery ticket, in which the probability of winning is extremely low but the payoff is large enough that the expected benefit outweighs the cost. Since the failure of standard rational choice models—which assume voters have "selfish" preferences—to explain voter turnout in large elections, public choice economists and social scientists have increasingly turned to altruism as a way to explain why rational individuals would choose to vote despite its apparent lack of individual benefit, explaining the paradox of voting. The theory suggests that individual voters do, in fact, derive personal utility from influencing the outcome of elections in favor of the candidate that they believe will implement policies for the greater good of the entire population. (en) La teoría altruista del voto es un modelo de comportamiento de los votantes que establece que si los ciudadanos en una democracia tienen preferencias "sociales" por el bienestar de los demás, la probabilidad extremadamente baja de que un solo voto determine el resultado de una elección será superada por los grandes beneficios acumulativos que la sociedad recibirá de la política preferida por los votantes que se elija, de modo que es racional para un ciudadano "altruista", que recibe la utilidad de ayudar a otros a votar. El voto altruista ha sido comparado con la compra de un billete de lotería, en el que la probabilidad de ganar es extremadamente baja pero la recompensa es lo suficientemente grande como para que el beneficio esperado supere el costo del mismo. Desde el fracaso de los modelos estándar de elección racional, que suponen que los votantes tienen preferencias "egoístas", para explicar la participación electoral del votante en las grandes elecciones, los economistas de la elección pública y los científicos sociales han recurrido cada vez más al altruismo como una forma de explicar por qué los individuos racionales elegirían votar a pesar de su aparente falta de beneficio individual, la denominada paradoja del voto. La teoría sugiere que los votantes individuales, de hecho, obtienen un beneficio personal al influir en el resultado de las elecciones a favor del candidato que ellos creen que implementará políticas para el bien de toda la población. (es) |
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| rdfs:comment | The altruism theory of voting is a model of voter behavior which states that if citizens in a democracy have "social" preferences for the welfare of others, the extremely low probability of a single vote determining an election will be outweighed by the large cumulative benefits society will receive from the voter's preferred policy being enacted, such that it is rational for an “altruistic” citizen, who receives utility from helping others, to vote. Altruistic voting has been compared to purchasing a lottery ticket, in which the probability of winning is extremely low but the payoff is large enough that the expected benefit outweighs the cost. (en) La teoría altruista del voto es un modelo de comportamiento de los votantes que establece que si los ciudadanos en una democracia tienen preferencias "sociales" por el bienestar de los demás, la probabilidad extremadamente baja de que un solo voto determine el resultado de una elección será superada por los grandes beneficios acumulativos que la sociedad recibirá de la política preferida por los votantes que se elija, de modo que es racional para un ciudadano "altruista", que recibe la utilidad de ayudar a otros a votar. El voto altruista ha sido comparado con la compra de un billete de lotería, en el que la probabilidad de ganar es extremadamente baja pero la recompensa es lo suficientemente grande como para que el beneficio esperado supere el costo del mismo. (es) |
| rdfs:label | Altruism theory of voting (en) Teoría altruista del voto (es) |
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