dbo:abstract
- أمير العرب (ويعرف أيضا بأمير العربان؛ أي "قائد البدو") هو لقب يدل على قائد أو زعيم القبائل العربية البدوية في بادية الشام في الدول الإسلامية المتعاقبة خلال العصور الوسطى. جاء اللقب من إمارة العرب التي أسسها الأيوبيون لقبائل البادية العربية. (ar)
- The amir al-ʿarab (Arabic: أمير العرب, also known as amir al-ʿurban, أمير العربان; lit. 'commander of the Bedouins') was the commander or leader of the Bedouin tribes in Syria under successive medieval Muslim states. The title was used as early as the 11th century to refer to Salih ibn Mirdas, but was formalized as a state institution by the Ayyubid Sultanate and strengthened by the latter's Mamluk successors. The office was preserved under the early Ottomans (16th–17th centuries), at least ceremonially, but its importance had declined by then. The jurisdiction of the amir al-ʿarab was generally limited to central and northern Syria, and its holder often held iqtaʿat (fiefs) in the Syrian steppe, which formed the imarat al-ʿarab (emirate of the Bedouins). The imarat al-ʿarab was created both to co-opt the often rebellious Bedouin tribes of Syria and to enlist their support as auxiliary troops. Under the Mamluks, some of the principal duties of the amir al-ʿarab were guarding the desert frontier against the Mongol Ilkhanate in Iraq and Anatolia, ensuring Bedouin loyalty to the state, gathering intelligence on enemy forces, protecting infrastructure, villages and travelers from raids and providing horses and camels to the sultan. In return, the amir al-ʿarab was given iqtaʿat, an annual salary, official titles and honorary robes. Under the Ayyubids, numerous Arab emirs held the post at any given time and were granted iqtaʿat. However, with the onset of Mamluk rule in Syria in 1260, it became a hereditary office consolidated by members of the Al Fadl dynasty, direct descendants of the Tayyid clan of Banu Jarrah. The office remained in the household of the Al Fadl emir, Isa ibn Muhanna, with occasional interruption, well into the early Ottoman era, during which Isa's descendants took over leadership of the Mawali tribe. Under the Ottomans, the role of the amir al-ʿarab centered on the provision of camels to the state and protection of the Hajj pilgrim caravan in return for annual payments. (en)
rdfs:comment
- أمير العرب (ويعرف أيضا بأمير العربان؛ أي "قائد البدو") هو لقب يدل على قائد أو زعيم القبائل العربية البدوية في بادية الشام في الدول الإسلامية المتعاقبة خلال العصور الوسطى. جاء اللقب من إمارة العرب التي أسسها الأيوبيون لقبائل البادية العربية. (ar)
- The amir al-ʿarab (Arabic: أمير العرب, also known as amir al-ʿurban, أمير العربان; lit. 'commander of the Bedouins') was the commander or leader of the Bedouin tribes in Syria under successive medieval Muslim states. The title was used as early as the 11th century to refer to Salih ibn Mirdas, but was formalized as a state institution by the Ayyubid Sultanate and strengthened by the latter's Mamluk successors. The office was preserved under the early Ottomans (16th–17th centuries), at least ceremonially, but its importance had declined by then. The jurisdiction of the amir al-ʿarab was generally limited to central and northern Syria, and its holder often held iqtaʿat (fiefs) in the Syrian steppe, which formed the imarat al-ʿarab (emirate of the Bedouins). The imarat al-ʿarab was created bo (en)