Aquaculture of tilapia (original) (raw)
- Tilapia has become the third most important fish in aquaculture after carp and salmon; worldwide production exceeded 1.5 million metric tons (1.5×106 long tons) in 2002 and increases annually. Because of their high protein content, large size, rapid growth (6 to 7 months to grow to harvest size), and palatability, a number of coptodonine and oreochromine cichlids—specifically, various species of Coptodon, Oreochromis, and Sarotherodon—are the focus of major aquaculture efforts. Tilapia fisheries originated in Africa and the Levant. The accidental and deliberate introductions of tilapia into South and Southeast Asian freshwater lakes have inspired outdoor aquaculture projects in various countries with tropical climates, including Honduras, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Tilapia farm projects in these countries have the highest potential to be "green" or environmentally friendly. In temperate zone localities, tilapia farmers typically need a costly energy source to maintain a tropical temperature range in their tanks. One relatively sustainable solution involves warming the tank water using waste heat from factories and power stations. Tilapiines are among the easiest and most profitable fish to farm due to their omnivorous diet, mode of reproduction (the fry do not pass through a planktonic phase), tolerance of high stocking density, and rapid growth. In some regions the fish can be raised in rice fields at planting time and grow to edible size (12–15 cm, 5–6 in) when the rice is ready for harvest. Unlike salmon, which rely on high-protein feeds based on fish or meat, commercially important tilapiine species eat a vegetable or cereal-based diet. Tilapia raised in inland tanks or channels are considered safe for the environment, since their waste and disease is contained and not spread to the wild. However, tilapiines have acquired notoriety as being among the most serious invasive species in many subtropical and tropical parts of the world. For example, blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) (itself commonly confused with another species often used in aquaculture, the Nile tilapia, O. niloticus), Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus), blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron), spotted tilapia (Pelmatolapia mariae), and redbelly tilapia (Coptodon zillii) have all become established in the southern United States, particularly in Florida and Texas. Commercially grown tilapia are almost exclusively male. Being prolific breeders, female tilapia in the ponds or tanks will result in large populations of small fish. Whole tilapia can be processed into skinless, boneless (PBO) fillets: the yield is from 30% to 37%, depending on fillet size and final trim. (en)
- L’aquaculture du tilapia, appelée aussi élevage du tilapia ou tilapiculture, a permis la production, en 2002, de 1 500 000 tonnes de tilapias. Par la masse totale produite, c'est le troisième poisson en importance après la carpe et le saumon. À cause de leur contenu protéinique élevé, leur croissance rapide (de 6 à 7 mois pour atteindre une masse commerciale), leur grande taille à maturité et leurs propriétés gustatives, les efforts en aquaculture portent sur différents genres de la famille des Tilapiinae, nommément Oreochromis, Sarotherodon et Tilapia. La pêche du tilapia a commencé en Afrique. L'introduction accidentelle, puis délibérée, de ce poisson dans les lacs d'eau douce asiatiques a inspiré l'aquaculture en milieu extérieur dans différents pays tropicaux, dont le Honduras, la Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée, les Philippines et l'Indonésie. Les Tilapia font partie des poissons les plus faciles et les plus profitables à élever en milieu clos à cause de leur diète omnivore, de leur mode de reproduction (l'alevin ne passe pas par une phase planctonique), de leur grande tolérance à une haute densité de population et de leur croissance rapide. Dans certaines régions, l'élevage du poisson peut commencer dans les champs de riz au moment des repiquages ; quand le riz est prêt à être cueilli, le poisson a atteint une taille où il peut être consommé (de 12 à 15 cm). Au contraire du saumon, qui atteint une taille commercialement viable grâce à une diète riche en protéines issue de poissons ou de viandes, les Tilapiinae peuvent croître en consommant une diète riche en légumes ou céréales. Les tilapias élevés dans des réservoirs clos ou des canaux auraient peu d'impacts environnementaux puisque leurs rejets et leurs maladies se limitent aux lieux où ils sont élevés. En revanche, les Tilapiinae sont réputés être des espèces envahissantes dans plusieurs parties subtropicales ou tropicales de la planète. (fr)
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- dbr:Salmonidae
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- Tilapia has become the third most important fish in aquaculture after carp and salmon; worldwide production exceeded 1.5 million metric tons (1.5×106 long tons) in 2002 and increases annually. Because of their high protein content, large size, rapid growth (6 to 7 months to grow to harvest size), and palatability, a number of coptodonine and oreochromine cichlids—specifically, various species of Coptodon, Oreochromis, and Sarotherodon—are the focus of major aquaculture efforts. (en)
- L’aquaculture du tilapia, appelée aussi élevage du tilapia ou tilapiculture, a permis la production, en 2002, de 1 500 000 tonnes de tilapias. Par la masse totale produite, c'est le troisième poisson en importance après la carpe et le saumon. À cause de leur contenu protéinique élevé, leur croissance rapide (de 6 à 7 mois pour atteindre une masse commerciale), leur grande taille à maturité et leurs propriétés gustatives, les efforts en aquaculture portent sur différents genres de la famille des Tilapiinae, nommément Oreochromis, Sarotherodon et Tilapia. (fr)
- Aquaculture of tilapia (en)
- Aquaculture du tilapia (fr)
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