Ballast water regulation in the United States (original) (raw)
Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems. Ballast water discharges are believed to be the leading source of invasive species in U.S. marine waters, thus posing public health and environmental risks, as well as significant economic cost to industries such as water and power utilities, commercial and recreational fisheries, agriculture, and tourism. Studies suggest that the economic cost just from introduction of pest mollusks (zebra mussels, the Asian clam, and others) to U.S. aquatic ecosystems is more than $6 billion per year.
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| dbo:abstract | Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems. Ballast water discharges are believed to be the leading source of invasive species in U.S. marine waters, thus posing public health and environmental risks, as well as significant economic cost to industries such as water and power utilities, commercial and recreational fisheries, agriculture, and tourism. Studies suggest that the economic cost just from introduction of pest mollusks (zebra mussels, the Asian clam, and others) to U.S. aquatic ecosystems is more than 6billionperyear.Thezebramussel,nativetotheCaspianandBlackSeasarrivedinLakeSt.Clairintheballastwaterofatransatlanticfreighterin1988andwithin10yearsspreadtoallofthefiveneighbouringGreatLakes.TheeconomiccostofthisintroductionhasbeenestimatedbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceatabout6 billion per year. The zebra mussel, native to the Caspian and Black Seas arrived in Lake St. Clair in the ballast water of a transatlantic freighter in 1988 and within 10 years spread to all of the five neighbouring Great Lakes. The economic cost of this introduction has been estimated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at about 6billionperyear.Thezebramussel,nativetotheCaspianandBlackSeasarrivedinLakeSt.Clairintheballastwaterofatransatlanticfreighterin1988andwithin10yearsspreadtoallofthefiveneighbouringGreatLakes.TheeconomiccostofthisintroductionhasbeenestimatedbytheU.S.FishandWildlifeServiceatabout5 billion. Congress passed the National Invasive Species Act of 1996 (NISA) in an attempt to control aquatic invasive species. The Coast Guard issued ballast water regulations, pursuant to NISA, in 2012. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued discharge permits for controlling ballast water under Clean Water Act authority. (en) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://web.archive.org/web/20081217143715/http:/www.ncseonline.org/NLE/CRSreports/07Dec/RL32450.pdf https://www.epa.gov/npdes/vessels https://www.epa.gov/vessels-marinas-and-ports/cruise-ship-discharges |
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| rdfs:comment | Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, and bacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems. Ballast water discharges are believed to be the leading source of invasive species in U.S. marine waters, thus posing public health and environmental risks, as well as significant economic cost to industries such as water and power utilities, commercial and recreational fisheries, agriculture, and tourism. Studies suggest that the economic cost just from introduction of pest mollusks (zebra mussels, the Asian clam, and others) to U.S. aquatic ecosystems is more than $6 billion per year. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Ballast water regulation in the United States (en) |
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