Briggs v. Elliott (original) (raw)
Briggs v. Elliott, 342 U.S. 350 (1952), on appeal from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina, challenged school segregation in Summerton, South Carolina. It was the first of the five cases combined into Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the famous case in which the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional by violating the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Following the Brown decision, the district court issued a decree that struck down the school segregation law in South Carolina as unconstitutional and required the state's schools to integrate. Harry and Eliza Briggs, Reverend Joseph A. DeLaine, and Levi Pearson were awarded Congressional Gold Medals posthumously in 2003.
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| dbo:abstract | Briggs v. Elliott, 342 U.S. 350 (1952), on appeal from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina, challenged school segregation in Summerton, South Carolina. It was the first of the five cases combined into Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the famous case in which the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional by violating the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Following the Brown decision, the district court issued a decree that struck down the school segregation law in South Carolina as unconstitutional and required the state's schools to integrate. Harry and Eliza Briggs, Reverend Joseph A. DeLaine, and Levi Pearson were awarded Congressional Gold Medals posthumously in 2003. (en) Il caso Briggs contro Elliott, del 1952, è un appello della Corte Distrettuale degli Stati Uniti per il distretto orientale della Carolina del Sud che si pose contro la segregazione nelle scuole di Summerton, nella Carolina del Sud. Fu il primo dei cinque casi riuniti nel processo Brown v. Board of Education del 1954, il famoso caso in cui la Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti dichiarò illegale la segregazione razziale nelle scuole pubbliche, poiché in disaccordo con il quattordicesimo emendamento per la tutela dei diritti e dell'uguaglianza. A seguito della decisione sul caso Brown, la corte distrettuale sentenziò l'incostituzionalità della segregazione nelle scuole e varò leggi in merito per rendere obbligatoria l'integrazione nelle scuole statali. (it) Briggs v. Elliott was een Amerikaanse rechtszaak in de jaren '50, die samen met drie andere gecombineerd werd als Brown v. Board of Education en leidde tot de afschaffing van rassenscheiding op openbare scholen. Briggs v. Elliott kwam oorspronkelijk uit Summerton in South Carolina. In 1948 diende , een advocaat van de NAACP, een klacht in bij een districtsrechtbank om ervoor te zorgen dat zwarte kinderen, die altijd naar school moesten lopen, voorzien werden van een bus. De zaak werd ingediend in naam van een lokale kleurling, Levi Pearson, wiens kinderen meer dan tien kilometer moesten lopen voordat ze bij hun school waren. De rechter wees de eis af, omdat Pearsons boerderij dichter bij een school zou liggen dan diegene waar zijn kinderen opdat moment werden onderwezen. Uit wraak weigerde de blanke bevolking van Summerton nog zijn producten te kopen. De NAACP stemde in 1949 toe om een petitie te sponsoren die gelijke rechten voor iedereen eiste. De petitie werd geschreven door de burgerrechten-activiste en de dominee Joseph DeLaine, en ondertekend door zo'n twintig zwarte burgers. Minstens vijf van hen werden ontslagen, en een aantal moest werk zoeken in een andere staat. In mei 1951 werd de zaak gehoord door de districtsrechtbank; twee van de rechters stelden de aanklagers in het ongelijk. De derde, , schreef dat "uit rassenscheiding sowieso ongelijkheid voortvloeit". Hoewel de rechtbank Summerton wel opdroeg de leerlingen van gelijke faciliteiten te voorzien, bleven de gescheiden scholen legaal. De NAACP ging in hoger beroep bij het Federale Gerechtshof. Daar werd de zaak gecombineerd met Brown v. Board of Education uit Kansas, Davis v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (Virginia) en (Delaware). Hoewel Briggs de eerste rechtszaak was die aan het Hooggerechtshof werd voorgelegd, koos men ervoor om de zaak te noemen naar de aanklacht uit Kansas, zodat men segregatie niet zou zien als een typisch zuiderse zaak. Op 17 mei 1954 beslisten de negen rechters van het hooggerechtshof unaniem dat rassenscheiding op openbare scholen een schending vormde van de gelijkheidsclausule van het veertiende amendement van de Amerikaanse Grondwet. Hoewel het een overwinning voor de NAACP was, liep het geheel uit op een drama voor lokale betrokkenen. Joseph DeLaines kerk werd in brand gestoken, en hijzelf overleefd ternauwernood een moordpoging; in 1955 verhuisde hij naar New York. Harry en Eliza Briggs, in wier naam de eis aan de rechtbank werd voorgelegd, raakten werkloos en moesten met hun kinderen noodgedwongen naar een noordelijke staat verhuizen. (nl) |
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| dbp:case | Briggs v. Elliott, (en) |
| dbp:cornell | https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/342/350 |
| dbp:courtlistener | https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/104961/briggs-v-elliott/ |
| dbp:decidedate | 0001-01-28 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:decideyear | 1952 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:dissent | Black (en) |
| dbp:findlaw | https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/342/350.html |
| dbp:fullname | Harry Briggs Jr. et al. v. R.W. Elliott, chairman, et al. (en) |
| dbp:googlescholar | https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case%3Fcase=16693048563837275531 |
| dbp:holding | In order that the Supreme Court may have the benefit of the views of the district court upon the additional facts brought out in the appellees report on the implementation of district court's mandate to equalize segregated South Carolina schools, and that the district court may have the opportunity to take whatever action it may deem appropriate in light of that report, the judgment is vacated and the case is remanded for further proceedings. (en) |
| dbp:joindissent | Douglas (en) |
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| dbp:litigants | Briggs v. Elliott (en) |
| dbp:loc | http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep342/usrep342350/usrep342350.pdf |
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| dbp:percuriam | Yes (en) |
| dbp:prior | 0001-06-23 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
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| dbp:text | "A Petition on behalf of my children and all other school children in School District #26, Clarendon County, South Carolina, was mailed to you, since that date I have had no communication from you with regard to this petition nor has any efforts been made to furnish bus transportation to Negroes in this School District. Please advise me if efforts are being made to furnish school bus transportation." (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Briggs v. Elliott, 342 U.S. 350 (1952), on appeal from the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of South Carolina, challenged school segregation in Summerton, South Carolina. It was the first of the five cases combined into Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the famous case in which the U.S. Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools to be unconstitutional by violating the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Following the Brown decision, the district court issued a decree that struck down the school segregation law in South Carolina as unconstitutional and required the state's schools to integrate. Harry and Eliza Briggs, Reverend Joseph A. DeLaine, and Levi Pearson were awarded Congressional Gold Medals posthumously in 2003. (en) Il caso Briggs contro Elliott, del 1952, è un appello della Corte Distrettuale degli Stati Uniti per il distretto orientale della Carolina del Sud che si pose contro la segregazione nelle scuole di Summerton, nella Carolina del Sud. Fu il primo dei cinque casi riuniti nel processo Brown v. Board of Education del 1954, il famoso caso in cui la Corte Suprema degli Stati Uniti dichiarò illegale la segregazione razziale nelle scuole pubbliche, poiché in disaccordo con il quattordicesimo emendamento per la tutela dei diritti e dell'uguaglianza. A seguito della decisione sul caso Brown, la corte distrettuale sentenziò l'incostituzionalità della segregazione nelle scuole e varò leggi in merito per rendere obbligatoria l'integrazione nelle scuole statali. (it) Briggs v. Elliott was een Amerikaanse rechtszaak in de jaren '50, die samen met drie andere gecombineerd werd als Brown v. Board of Education en leidde tot de afschaffing van rassenscheiding op openbare scholen. Briggs v. Elliott kwam oorspronkelijk uit Summerton in South Carolina. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Briggs v. Elliott (en) Briggs contro Elliott (it) Briggs v. Elliott (nl) |
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| foaf:name | (en) Harry Briggs Jr. et al. v. R.W. Elliott, chairman, et al. (en) |
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