Brocchinia (original) (raw)
Brocchinie (Brocchinia) je rod rostlin z čeledi broméliovité (Bromeliaceae). Všechny druhy jsou endemity Guyanské vysočiny v Jižní Americe. Některé druhy náleží mezi masožravé rostliny.
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| dbo:abstract | Brocchinie (Brocchinia) je rod rostlin z čeledi broméliovité (Bromeliaceae). Všechny druhy jsou endemity Guyanské vysočiny v Jižní Americe. Některé druhy náleží mezi masožravé rostliny. (cs) البروكينية (الاسم العلمي: Brocchinia)، جنس نباتات م فصيلة البروميلية. سُمي على الجنس على عالم الطبيعية الإيطالي جيوفاني باتيستا بروكي (1772-1826). تنتشر أنواعه في مرتفعات غيانا القديمة في جنوب فنزويلا وغيانا، مع بعض الأنواع التي تمتد إلى كولومبيا وشمال البرازيل. (ar) Brocchinia ist die einzige Pflanzengattung der Unterfamilie Brocchinioideae innerhalb der Familie der Bromeliengewächse (Bromeliaceae). Die etwa 20 Arten sind im nördlichen Südamerika verbreitet. Brocchinia-Arten befinden sich nur selten in Kultur, am verbreitetsten ist Brocchinia reducta. (de) Brocchinia is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, and is the sole genus of the subfamily Brocchinioideae, containing 20 species. The genus is named for Giovanni Battista Brocchi, Italian naturalist (1772–1826). Brocchinia species are native primarily to the ancient Guayana Shield in southern Venezuela and Guyana, with some species extending into Colombia and northern Brazil. Its species are generally restricted to areas of sand and sandstone of the ; a few occur on granite. Based on chloroplast DNA sequence variation, Brocchinia appears to be sister to all other bromeliads. Calibration of the molecular family tree of bromeliads against the known ages of various fossil monocots suggests that Brocchinia lineage diverged from other bromeliads nearly 20 million years ago, and that some of the living species of Brocchinia began diverging from each other soon thereafter. The next lineage to diverge from other bromeliads included Lindmania and Connellia, which are also endemic to the Guayana Shield; at least one other subfamily Navioideae is also almost entirely restricted to that region. Consequently, it is quite likely that the family as a whole arose in the Guayana Shield. Previously, Brocchinia was thought to be a member of the bromeliad subfamily Pitcairnioideae, based on its possession of winged seeds like those seen in other members of that group. This view has now been overturned after the recognition that Pitcairnioideae as originally circumscribed more than a century ago represents several morphologically similar but independently derived groups that share only ancestral (plesiomorphic) characters, not true synapomorphies (shared derived characters). Brocchinia has undergone a spectacular adaptive radiation in mechanisms of nutrient capture, apparently in response to the unusually infertile, heavily leached substrates of the Guayana Shield. At least two species, Brocchinia reducta and B. hechtioides, appear to be carnivorous. Like most species of Brocchinia – and indeed, of many other bromeliad genera – these two species impound rain water in a tank formed by tightly overlapping leaves arranged in a basal rosette. In these species, however, the leaves are nearly vertical, their inner surfaces are covered with fine wax that readily exfoliates, the tank fluid is highly acid (pH c. 3.0) and emits a sweet, nectar-like odor, and the tank itself is full of the dead remains of ants (B. reducta) or bees and wasps (B. hechtioides). Recently, it has been shown that at least B. reducta secretes a phosphatase into its tanks. Another species, Brocchinia acuminata, is ant-fed myrmecophyte, apparently depending in part on nutrients and dead nestmates dropping into the tank from ants that live among the swollen, achlorophyllous leaf bases. The facultative epiphyte B. tatei – together with the tree-like B. micrantha(up to 26 feet (8 meters) in height) with its massive, gutter-like leaf axils that hold liters of rainwater – captures a great deal of falling vegetable debris. One terrestrial population of B. tatei was discovered with in its tanks, suggesting nitrogen fixation. The earliest divergent members of the genus – including Brocchinia prismatica in the Prismatica clade, and such species as B. melanacra and B. vestita in the Maguirei clade – lack tanks entirely and appear to depend solely on soil nutrients. Acquisition of the tank habit seems likely to have been the key innovation driving the evolution of specialized mechanisms of nutrient capture in Brocchinia, and is associated with thin leaf cross-sections and the later evolution of carnivory, ant-fed myrmecophily, epiphytism, and N fixation in the Acuminata and Reducta clades. Each of the nutritionally specialized species have relatively large areas of live trichomes on the leaf bases that can absorb amino acids at high rates. Tanks and absorptive trichomes were later lost secondarily in Brocchinia steyermarkii, a terrestrial species common in wet sandy areas in the Gran Sabana. Brocchinia melanacra is especially adapted to ground fires, with highly sclerotized leaf tips that protect that single bud in unexpanded leaves but appear to be useless (often dangling limply in the breeze) in fully expanded leaves. Brocchinia serrata, a highly aberrant taxon with tough, serrate leaves that is found only on a few mesetas in Colombia, has now been shown to be completely unrelated and has been described as the sole member of a new genus Sequencia, with its name reflecting its initial recognition based on DNA sequence data. The ecology of the dwarf species – Brocchinia cataractarum, B. delicatula, B. rupestris – remain enigmatic. (en) Brocchinia es un género de angiospermas perteneciente a la subfamilia Pitcairnioideae (familia Bromeliaceae). Son nativas de Venezuela y de Guyana y se encuentran en zonas de areniscas. (es) Brocchinia est un genre de plantes de la famille des Bromeliaceae, originaire d'Amérique du sud, et plus particulièrement du Venezuela et du Guyana. Il comprend au moins 21 espèces, dont 2 sont carnivores, espèces qui piègent leurs proies par du liquide entre les feuilles, système appelé « piège passif ». (fr) Brocchinia Schult. & Schult.f., 1830 è un genere di pianta appartenente alla famiglia Bromeliaceae. È endemico del Venezuela meridionale e della Guyana. Il nome gli è stato assegnato in onore del naturalista italiano Giovanni Battista Brocchi. (it) Brocchinia – rodzaj roślin z rodziny bromeliowatych (Bromeliaceae), obejmujący około 20 różnych gatunków. Występują one w Ameryce Południowej (Brazylia, Wenezuela oraz Kolumbia). Dwa gatunki z tego rodzaju, i są uważane za owadożerne lub pseudoowadożerne. (pl) Brocchinia är ett släkte av gräsväxter. Brocchinia ingår i familjen Bromeliaceae. Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life: (sv) Brocchinia Schult.f. é um género botânico pertencente à família Bromeliaceae, subfamília Pitcairnioideae. São plantas nativas da Venezuela, Brasil, Colômbia e Guiana, e são encontradas em regiões areníticas. Pelo menos uma espécie dentro deste género (Brocchinia reducta) é considerada uma planta carnívora. O gênero foi nomeado em homenagem ao naturalista italiano Giovanni Battista Brocchi (1772-1826). (pt) Brocchinia — рід квіткових рослин із родини бромелієвих (Bromeliaceae). Рід містить 19 видів, які зростають у північній частині Південної Америки. Види, як правило, обмежені ділянками піску та пісковика формації Рорайма; деякі трапляються на граніті. Принаймні два види, Brocchinia reducta і B. hechtioides, є хижими. (uk) |
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| dbp:authority | J.H.Schult. ex J.A.Schult. & J.H.Schult. (en) |
| dbp:from | Q137318 (en) Q15920866 (en) |
| dbp:imageCaption | Brocchinia micrantha (en) |
| dbp:parentAuthority | Givnish (en) |
| dbp:synonyms | * Sequencia (Givnish) (en) |
| dbp:taxon | Brocchinia (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Brocchinie (Brocchinia) je rod rostlin z čeledi broméliovité (Bromeliaceae). Všechny druhy jsou endemity Guyanské vysočiny v Jižní Americe. Některé druhy náleží mezi masožravé rostliny. (cs) البروكينية (الاسم العلمي: Brocchinia)، جنس نباتات م فصيلة البروميلية. سُمي على الجنس على عالم الطبيعية الإيطالي جيوفاني باتيستا بروكي (1772-1826). تنتشر أنواعه في مرتفعات غيانا القديمة في جنوب فنزويلا وغيانا، مع بعض الأنواع التي تمتد إلى كولومبيا وشمال البرازيل. (ar) Brocchinia ist die einzige Pflanzengattung der Unterfamilie Brocchinioideae innerhalb der Familie der Bromeliengewächse (Bromeliaceae). Die etwa 20 Arten sind im nördlichen Südamerika verbreitet. Brocchinia-Arten befinden sich nur selten in Kultur, am verbreitetsten ist Brocchinia reducta. (de) Brocchinia es un género de angiospermas perteneciente a la subfamilia Pitcairnioideae (familia Bromeliaceae). Son nativas de Venezuela y de Guyana y se encuentran en zonas de areniscas. (es) Brocchinia est un genre de plantes de la famille des Bromeliaceae, originaire d'Amérique du sud, et plus particulièrement du Venezuela et du Guyana. Il comprend au moins 21 espèces, dont 2 sont carnivores, espèces qui piègent leurs proies par du liquide entre les feuilles, système appelé « piège passif ». (fr) Brocchinia Schult. & Schult.f., 1830 è un genere di pianta appartenente alla famiglia Bromeliaceae. È endemico del Venezuela meridionale e della Guyana. Il nome gli è stato assegnato in onore del naturalista italiano Giovanni Battista Brocchi. (it) Brocchinia – rodzaj roślin z rodziny bromeliowatych (Bromeliaceae), obejmujący około 20 różnych gatunków. Występują one w Ameryce Południowej (Brazylia, Wenezuela oraz Kolumbia). Dwa gatunki z tego rodzaju, i są uważane za owadożerne lub pseudoowadożerne. (pl) Brocchinia är ett släkte av gräsväxter. Brocchinia ingår i familjen Bromeliaceae. Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life: (sv) Brocchinia Schult.f. é um género botânico pertencente à família Bromeliaceae, subfamília Pitcairnioideae. São plantas nativas da Venezuela, Brasil, Colômbia e Guiana, e são encontradas em regiões areníticas. Pelo menos uma espécie dentro deste género (Brocchinia reducta) é considerada uma planta carnívora. O gênero foi nomeado em homenagem ao naturalista italiano Giovanni Battista Brocchi (1772-1826). (pt) Brocchinia — рід квіткових рослин із родини бромелієвих (Bromeliaceae). Рід містить 19 видів, які зростають у північній частині Південної Америки. Види, як правило, обмежені ділянками піску та пісковика формації Рорайма; деякі трапляються на граніті. Принаймні два види, Brocchinia reducta і B. hechtioides, є хижими. (uk) Brocchinia is a genus of the botanical family Bromeliaceae, and is the sole genus of the subfamily Brocchinioideae, containing 20 species. The genus is named for Giovanni Battista Brocchi, Italian naturalist (1772–1826). Brocchinia species are native primarily to the ancient Guayana Shield in southern Venezuela and Guyana, with some species extending into Colombia and northern Brazil. Its species are generally restricted to areas of sand and sandstone of the ; a few occur on granite. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Brocchinia (en) بروكينية (ar) Brocchinie (cs) Brocchinia (de) Brocchinia (es) Brocchinia (Bromeliaceae) (fr) Brocchinia (it) Brocchinia (pl) Brocchinia (pt) Brocchinia (sv) Brocchinia (uk) |
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