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The Bureau of Prohibition (or Prohibition Unit) was the United States federal law enforcement agency formed to enforce the National Prohibition Act of 1919, commonly known as the Volstead Act, which enforced the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution regarding the prohibition of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. When it was first established in 1920, it was a unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. On April 1, 1927, it became an independent entity within the Department of the Treasury, changing its name from the Prohibition Unit to the Bureau of Prohibition. In 1930, it became part of the Department of Justice. By 1933, with the repeal of Prohibition imminent, it was briefly absorbed into the FBI, or "Bureau of Investigation" as it was then called, and became the Bureau's "Alcohol Beverage Unit," though, for practical purposes it continued to operate as a separate agency. Very shortly after that, once repeal became a reality, and the only federal laws regarding alcoholic beverages being their taxation, it was switched back to Treasury, where it was renamed the Alcohol Tax Unit. (en) 酒類取締局(しゅるいとりしまりきょく、英: Bureau of Prohibition、Prohibition Unit)とは、1919年のボルステッド法を執行するために設立された、かつてのアメリカ合衆国の警察組織である。酒類の製造・販売・流通を禁ずるアメリカ合衆国憲法修正第18条の履行を任じられた。1920年に設立された当初、これは歳入庁の一部門だった。1927年4月1日、財務省下の独立組織となり、名称が "Prohibition Unit" から "Bureau of Prohibition" へ変更された。 酒類取締局の調査官は "Prohibition Agents"、あるいはくだけて "prohis" と呼ばれた。最も有名な職員はエリオット・ネスである。その他、ここに勤務した経歴を持つ著名人には、かつてのテキサス・レンジャーである、熱血漢チェロキー Tom Threepersons、シカゴ市民 Pat Roche がいる。酒類取締局の歴史上、一番の検挙成績を上げたのはニューヨークの事務所で働いた Izzy Einstein と Moe Smith のコンビである。 1930年7月1日、酒類取締局は財務省から司法省へ移管された。1933年のはじめ、フランクリン・ルーズベルトが主導した抱き合わせの犯罪対策法案 (Omnibus Crime Bill) の一環として、酒類取締局は短期間ながら連邦捜査局 (FBI、当時は "Division of Investigation" という名称) へ吸収された。この時は「アルコール飲料部隊」(Alcohol Beverage Unit)となった。名目上は FBI の一部であったものの、ジョン・エドガー・フーヴァーは酒類の統制とそれにつきものの汚職を防ぎたいと考えていたため、実際上はその部隊を独立した自律的なものとして扱った。 1933年12月にボルステッド法が廃止されると、部隊は FBI および司法省から財務省へ戻され、酒税部隊(Alcohol Tax Unit)として歳入庁内という元の鞘に収まり、最終的にアルコール・タバコ・火器及び爆発物取締局 (ATF) へ改組された。 (ja) 禁酒局(英語:Bureau of Prohibition)或禁酒部(Prohibition Unit),是美國政府為執行1919年全國禁酒法而成立的聯邦執法機構,該禁酒法俗稱為沃爾斯泰德法(Volstead Act),詳細說明了美國憲法的第18修正案,關於禁止製造、銷售和運輸酒精飲品。當禁酒部於1920年首次成立時,它是美國國家稅務局的一個單位。1927年4月1日,禁酒部成為美國財政部內部的一個獨立實體,將其名稱從禁酒部改為禁酒局。1930年,禁酒局成為美國司法部的一部分。到1933年,隨著禁酒令即將廢除,禁酒局被短暫吞并到當時稱為調查局(Bureau of Investigation,BOI)的聯邦調查局(FBI),並成為該局的「酒精飲料部門」(Alcohol Beverage Unit),但為了實際目的,它繼續成為一個單獨的機構。在此之後不久,禁酒令廢除成為現實,禁酒局被調回到財政部,它在那裡被重新命名為酒稅部。 (zh) |
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https://www.alcoholproblemsandsolutions.org/prohibition-bureau-bureau-of-prohibition/ https://www.atf.gov/our-history/photo-gallery-2 https://www.pbs.org/kenburns/prohibition/unintended-consequences/ http://mailer.fsu.edu/~jmrichar/amh1000/fa02/prohibition.htm http://www.atf.gov/press/releases/2008/12/122908-historical-badges-tell-story.html%3E. https://www.odmp.org/agency/5856-united-states-department-of-justice-bureau-of-prohibition-us-government https://www.atf.gov/our-history/fallen-agents |
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禁酒局(英語:Bureau of Prohibition)或禁酒部(Prohibition Unit),是美國政府為執行1919年全國禁酒法而成立的聯邦執法機構,該禁酒法俗稱為沃爾斯泰德法(Volstead Act),詳細說明了美國憲法的第18修正案,關於禁止製造、銷售和運輸酒精飲品。當禁酒部於1920年首次成立時,它是美國國家稅務局的一個單位。1927年4月1日,禁酒部成為美國財政部內部的一個獨立實體,將其名稱從禁酒部改為禁酒局。1930年,禁酒局成為美國司法部的一部分。到1933年,隨著禁酒令即將廢除,禁酒局被短暫吞并到當時稱為調查局(Bureau of Investigation,BOI)的聯邦調查局(FBI),並成為該局的「酒精飲料部門」(Alcohol Beverage Unit),但為了實際目的,它繼續成為一個單獨的機構。在此之後不久,禁酒令廢除成為現實,禁酒局被調回到財政部,它在那裡被重新命名為酒稅部。 (zh) The Bureau of Prohibition (or Prohibition Unit) was the United States federal law enforcement agency formed to enforce the National Prohibition Act of 1919, commonly known as the Volstead Act, which enforced the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution regarding the prohibition of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. When it was first established in 1920, it was a unit of the Bureau of Internal Revenue. On April 1, 1927, it became an independent entity within the Department of the Treasury, changing its name from the Prohibition Unit to the Bureau of Prohibition. In 1930, it became part of the Department of Justice. By 1933, with the repeal of Prohibition imminent, it was briefly absorbed into the FBI, or "Bureau of Investigation" as it was then called, (en) 酒類取締局(しゅるいとりしまりきょく、英: Bureau of Prohibition、Prohibition Unit)とは、1919年のボルステッド法を執行するために設立された、かつてのアメリカ合衆国の警察組織である。酒類の製造・販売・流通を禁ずるアメリカ合衆国憲法修正第18条の履行を任じられた。1920年に設立された当初、これは歳入庁の一部門だった。1927年4月1日、財務省下の独立組織となり、名称が "Prohibition Unit" から "Bureau of Prohibition" へ変更された。 酒類取締局の調査官は "Prohibition Agents"、あるいはくだけて "prohis" と呼ばれた。最も有名な職員はエリオット・ネスである。その他、ここに勤務した経歴を持つ著名人には、かつてのテキサス・レンジャーである、熱血漢チェロキー Tom Threepersons、シカゴ市民 Pat Roche がいる。酒類取締局の歴史上、一番の検挙成績を上げたのはニューヨークの事務所で働いた Izzy Einstein と Moe Smith のコンビである。 (ja) |
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