Cena (original) (raw)
Cena (łac. cena – l.mn. cenae) – jeden z posiłków w starożytnym Rzymie, który zaczynano jeść od popołudnia. Złożony był on z trzech części: * gustatio - przekąski z jaj oraz wina z miodem * cena (primae mensae) - pieczone ryby, mięsa, jarzyna, warzywa. * secundae mensae (łac. drugi stół) - deser, suszone owoce, świeże jabłka, figi, orzechy. Podczas ceny wybierano rex bibendi. Z kolejnością podawanych dań jest związana sentencja: Ab ovo usque ad mala co dosłownie znaczy Od jaja aż do jabłek, a w wolnym tłumaczeniu Od początku aż do końca. Stąd wzięło się Ab ovo tłumaczone jako Od początku.
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| dbo:abstract | In Ancient Roman culture, cena was the main meal of the day. The grammarian, Sextus Pompeius Festus, preserved in his De verborum significatione that in earlier times, cena was held midday but later began to be held in evenings, with prandium replacing the noon meal. "Cena" would occur after work was completed for the day and was a focal point of social life, along with the public baths, the frequenting of which often preceded the meal. Seating during dinner was in the triclinium, three couches for reclining arranged as three sides of a square, with a small table for food in the middle of all these, although masonry dining areas have been found in Pompeian gardens for out of doors dining during warmer weather. Whether inside or out, the couches would have been cushioned by mattresses and pillows while the dinners reclined on their elbows While most often cena would be a simple affair, for wealthier Romans it could be an elaborate banquet as described by Martial, Pliny, and Petronius. The 3rd century C.E. author, Athenaeus organizes his book Deipnosophists as a series conversations around the order of a dinner party and the meals served. The cena traditionally consisted of three parts. The appetizer course (gustatio) often included eggs, olives, and honeyed wine, but could include clams and snails as found in nearby refuse piles out outdoor Pomepian Triclina. Other dishes included in the gustatio would come from the hosts garden such as lettuce, leeks, mallows, mint, and arugula or from the coast such as tuna or anchovies The second, main course often included the main meat dish, like a roasted pig or a kid alongside vegetables like beans or cabbage. The third and final course included desserts such as fruits or nuts. All the courses would be served with wine. Only the very wealthy would consume exotic dishes such as giraffes, ostrich, lion, and peacock. Some of the dishes would be elaborately sauced and dressed, with many enslaved cooks drawing inspiration from M. Gavius Apicius, a famous chief from the early imperial period. Many of these enslaved cooks would also be skilled at disguising dishes as things they are not adding to the pageantry of the more elaborate of these events which could include musicians, singers, acrobats, poets, and dancers in addition to the displays of food service. Many, but not all of the entertainers were enslaved persons. The courses would have been served on silverware, as evidenced by the hoard found at Boscoreale, or if that was unaffordable then bronze or glass. The cena of a farmer would be served on simple wood or terracotta dishes. (en) Cena (łac. cena – l.mn. cenae) – jeden z posiłków w starożytnym Rzymie, który zaczynano jeść od popołudnia. Złożony był on z trzech części: * gustatio - przekąski z jaj oraz wina z miodem * cena (primae mensae) - pieczone ryby, mięsa, jarzyna, warzywa. * secundae mensae (łac. drugi stół) - deser, suszone owoce, świeże jabłka, figi, orzechy. Podczas ceny wybierano rex bibendi. Z kolejnością podawanych dań jest związana sentencja: Ab ovo usque ad mala co dosłownie znaczy Od jaja aż do jabłek, a w wolnym tłumaczeniu Od początku aż do końca. Stąd wzięło się Ab ovo tłumaczone jako Od początku. (pl) |
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| rdfs:comment | Cena (łac. cena – l.mn. cenae) – jeden z posiłków w starożytnym Rzymie, który zaczynano jeść od popołudnia. Złożony był on z trzech części: * gustatio - przekąski z jaj oraz wina z miodem * cena (primae mensae) - pieczone ryby, mięsa, jarzyna, warzywa. * secundae mensae (łac. drugi stół) - deser, suszone owoce, świeże jabłka, figi, orzechy. Podczas ceny wybierano rex bibendi. Z kolejnością podawanych dań jest związana sentencja: Ab ovo usque ad mala co dosłownie znaczy Od jaja aż do jabłek, a w wolnym tłumaczeniu Od początku aż do końca. Stąd wzięło się Ab ovo tłumaczone jako Od początku. (pl) In Ancient Roman culture, cena was the main meal of the day. The grammarian, Sextus Pompeius Festus, preserved in his De verborum significatione that in earlier times, cena was held midday but later began to be held in evenings, with prandium replacing the noon meal. "Cena" would occur after work was completed for the day and was a focal point of social life, along with the public baths, the frequenting of which often preceded the meal. Seating during dinner was in the triclinium, three couches for reclining arranged as three sides of a square, with a small table for food in the middle of all these, although masonry dining areas have been found in Pompeian gardens for out of doors dining during warmer weather. Whether inside or out, the couches would have been cushioned by mattresses and p (en) |
| rdfs:label | Cena (en) Cena (posiłek) (pl) |
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