Chilihueque (original) (raw)
The Chilihueque or Hueque was a South American camelid variety or species that existed in central and south-central Chile in Pre-Hispanic and colonial times. There are two main hypotheses on their status among South American camelids: the first one suggests that they are locally domesticated guanacos and the second that they are a variety of llamas brought from the north into south-central Chile. The alpaca has also been suggested as a possible identity. In a 2016 mitochondrial DNA study it is concluded that the Chilihueque from Mocha Island could derive from the wild guanaco populations of southern Chile.
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| dbo:abstract | The Chilihueque or Hueque was a South American camelid variety or species that existed in central and south-central Chile in Pre-Hispanic and colonial times. There are two main hypotheses on their status among South American camelids: the first one suggests that they are locally domesticated guanacos and the second that they are a variety of llamas brought from the north into south-central Chile. The alpaca has also been suggested as a possible identity. In a 2016 mitochondrial DNA study it is concluded that the Chilihueque from Mocha Island could derive from the wild guanaco populations of southern Chile. According to Jesuit priest and scientist Juan Ignacio Molina, the Dutch captain Joris van Spilbergen observed the use of chilihueques by native Mapuches of Mocha Island as plough animals in 1614. Chilihueque populations declined towards extinction in the 16th and 17th century, being replaced by European livestock. The causes of its extinction are not clear but it is known that the introduction of sheep caused some competition among both domestic species. Anecdotal evidence of the mid-17th century show that both species coexisted but suggests that there were many more sheep than chilihueqes. The decline of chilihueques reached a point in the late 18th century when, according to Tomás Guevara, only the Mapuche from Mariquina and next to Angol raised the animal. Chilihueques were used by the Mapuche in ritual slaughter as attested by various 16th-century Spanish records. White chilihueques were preferred and often reserved for dignitaries. Chilihueques were also the main bride price used among Mapuches. (en) Le huèque ou chilihuèque, voire chili-huèque, est une espèce de camélidé d'Amérique du Sud qui était élevée sur le territoire des régions actuelles de (en) et de (en) du Chili par les civilisations précolombiennes jusqu'au début de l'époque coloniale. Sa dénomination initiale était huèque, mais le préfixe chili a été ajouté pour le distinguer du mouton, aussi nommé huèque, après l'introduction de cet animal par les Espagnols. Il existe deux principales hypothèses sur leur statut au sein des camélidés d'Amérique du Sud : la première suggère qu'ils sont une espèce de guanaco locale domestiquée et la seconde qu'ils sont une espèce de lama amené à partir du nord dans le centre-sud du Chili. Une autre théorie les apparente à l'alpaga. L'espèce s'est éteinte vers le XVIe ou XVIIe siècle, remplacée par des élevages européens. Les causes de son extinction sont inconnues. Selon Juan Ignacio Molina, le capitaine néerlandais Joris van Spilbergen a observé les indigènes Mapuches de l'Île Mocha utiliser des chilihuèques comme animaux de trait en 1614. (fr) |
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| rdfs:comment | The Chilihueque or Hueque was a South American camelid variety or species that existed in central and south-central Chile in Pre-Hispanic and colonial times. There are two main hypotheses on their status among South American camelids: the first one suggests that they are locally domesticated guanacos and the second that they are a variety of llamas brought from the north into south-central Chile. The alpaca has also been suggested as a possible identity. In a 2016 mitochondrial DNA study it is concluded that the Chilihueque from Mocha Island could derive from the wild guanaco populations of southern Chile. (en) Le huèque ou chilihuèque, voire chili-huèque, est une espèce de camélidé d'Amérique du Sud qui était élevée sur le territoire des régions actuelles de (en) et de (en) du Chili par les civilisations précolombiennes jusqu'au début de l'époque coloniale. Sa dénomination initiale était huèque, mais le préfixe chili a été ajouté pour le distinguer du mouton, aussi nommé huèque, après l'introduction de cet animal par les Espagnols. (fr) |
| rdfs:label | Chilihueque (en) Chilihuèque (fr) |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Chilihueque?oldid=1117104152&ns=0 |
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