Clarence Dutton (original) (raw)
كلارنس دوتون (بالإنجليزية: Clarence Dutton) كان جيولوجي أمريكي وضابطاً بالجيش الأمريكي. تخرج من عام 1860. وتلقى دورات الدراسات العليا هناك حتى 1862.
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| dbo:abstract | كلارنس دوتون (بالإنجليزية: Clarence Dutton) كان جيولوجي أمريكي وضابطاً بالجيش الأمريكي. تخرج من عام 1860. وتلقى دورات الدراسات العليا هناك حتى 1862. (ar) Clarence Edward Dutton (May 15, 1841 – January 4, 1912) was an American geologist and US Army officer. Dutton was born in Wallingford, Connecticut on May 15, 1841. He graduated from Yale College in 1860 and took postgraduate courses there until 1862, when he enlisted in the ; he fought at Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Nashville and Petersburg. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1871. In 1875, he began work as a geologist for John Wesley Powell and, after 1879, for the U.S. Geological Survey. Working chiefly in the Colorado Plateau region, he wrote several classic papers, including geological studies of the high plateaus of Utah (1879–80), the Cenozoic history of the Grand Canyon district (1882), and the Charleston, South Carolina, earthquake of 1886. As head of the division of volcanic geology at the USGS, he studied volcanism in Hawaii, California, and Oregon. He helped coordinate the scientific response to a large earthquake in the Mexican state of Sonora in 1887. In 1878, he was one of the ten founders of the Cosmos Club. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1884. In 1886, Dutton led a USGS party to Crater Lake, Oregon. His team carried a half-ton survey boat, the Cleetwood, up the steep mountain slope and lowered it 2,000 feet (610 m) into the lake. From the Cleetwood, Dutton used piano wire with lead weights to measure the depth of the lake at 168 different points. The survey team determined the lake was 1,996 feet (608 m) deep. The currently-accepted maximum depth figure, measured by sonar, is 1,943 feet (592 m). In a footnote to an 1882 review in the American Journal of Science, Dutton coined the term "isostasy". He later stated: "In an unpublished paper I have used the terms isostatic and isostacy (sic) to express that condition of the terrestrial surface which would follow from the flotation of the crust upon a liquid or highly plastic substratum – different portions of the crust being of unequal density." Thus he realised that there is a general balance within the Earth's crust, with lighter weight blocks coming to stand higher than adjacent blocks with higher density, an idea first expressed by Pratt and Airy in the 1850s. Dutton elaborated these ideas in his address to the Philosophical Society of Washington in 1889. When this was printed in 1892 the term isostasy was formally proposed, Dutton having, on the advice of Greek scholars, changed the ‘c’ to an ‘s’. Dutton was a close associate of John Wesley Powell, G.K. Gilbert, and William Henry Holmes at the USGS. He was an energetic and effective field geologist: in 1875–1877 Dutton's field party mapped 12,000 square miles (31,000 km2) of the high plateaus of southern Utah, an area of rugged topography and poor access. Dutton had a distinctive flair for literary description, and is best remembered today for his colorful (and sometimes flamboyant) descriptions of the geology and scenery of the Grand Canyon region of Arizona. "Dutton first taught the world to look at that country and see it as it was... Dutton is almost as much the genius loci of the Grand Canyon as Muir is of Yosemite" – Wallace Stegner, Beyond the Hundredth Meridian. In 1891 he retired from the USGS to serve as commander of the arsenal of San Antonio, Texas; then as ordnance officer of the department of Texas. After retiring from the Army in 1901, he returned to the study of geology. Dutton spent his last years at the home of his son in Englewood, New Jersey. (en) Clarence Edward Dutton (* 15. Mai 1841 in Wallingford, Connecticut; † 4. Januar 1912 in Englewood, New Jersey) war ein US-amerikanischer Geologe. Er ist für seine geologischen Erkundungen im Colorado-Plateau bekannt. (de) Clarence Edward Dutton (15 mai 1841, Wallingford, CT - 4 janvier 1912 , Englewood, NJ) est un géophysicien américain. Il fut l'un des fondateurs de la séismologie dont la principale contribution fut la notion d'isostasie. (fr) 클래런스 에드워드 더튼(Clarence Edward Dutton, 1841년 5월 15일 ~ 1912년 1월 4일)는 미국의 지질학자·지진학자·화산학자이다. 미국 지질조사소에서 활동하며 콜로라도 고원 및 그랜드 캐니언, 크레이터호 등의 조사에 기여했으며, 지각 평형설에 대한 이론을 발전시켰다. 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다. (ko) クラレンス・エドワード・ダットン（Clarence Edward Dutton、1841年5月15日 - 1912年1月4日）はアメリカ合衆国の地質学者、アメリカ陸軍の軍人である。 (ja) Clarence Edward Dutton (Wallingford, 15 mei 1841 - Englewood (New Jersey), 4 januari 1912) was een Amerikaans geoloog en militair. (nl) Clarence Edward Dutton (ur. 1841, zm. 1912) – amerykański geolog. Ugruntował on pojęcie izostazji, uważając ją za przyczynę ruchów górotwórczych. Dokonał opracowania historii geologicznej Wielkiego Kanionu Kolorado. (pl) Clarence Edward Dutton, född 15 maj 1841 i Wallingford, Connecticut, död 4 januari 1912 i Englewood, New Jersey, var en amerikansk militär och geolog. Dutton studerade vid Yale University, deltog i amerikanska inbördeskriget och inträdde 1875 i US Geological Survey, där han deltog i de geologiska pionjärarbetena i västra USA, och i 15 år arbetade han i Klippiga bergen. År 1887 fick han ledningen för arbetena inom vulkanisk geologi vid geologiska undersökningen, och inom det militära avancerade han 1890 till major. Dutton publicerade sin forskning i talrika framstående arbeten, av vilka flertalet behandlar frågor från den dynamiska geologin. Han beskrev Grand Canyon och framställde därvid en teori om dalbildningen. Han skildrade vulkaner i Arizona och södra Colorado samt på Hawaii och han gav en framställning av det stora jordskalvet i Charleston, South Carolina 1886. Han förknippas särskilt med teorin om isostasi i jordskorpan, vilken han först framställde. Enligt denna råder i jordskorpan en tendens till utjämning av rubbningar av jämviktstillståndet, vilka åstadkommits genom massförflyttningar i eller på jordskorpan, vare sig dessa förorsakats av och avlagring eller av tektoniska rörelser. (sv) |
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| rdfs:comment | كلارنس دوتون (بالإنجليزية: Clarence Dutton) كان جيولوجي أمريكي وضابطاً بالجيش الأمريكي. تخرج من عام 1860. وتلقى دورات الدراسات العليا هناك حتى 1862. (ar) Clarence Edward Dutton (* 15. Mai 1841 in Wallingford, Connecticut; † 4. Januar 1912 in Englewood, New Jersey) war ein US-amerikanischer Geologe. Er ist für seine geologischen Erkundungen im Colorado-Plateau bekannt. (de) Clarence Edward Dutton (15 mai 1841, Wallingford, CT - 4 janvier 1912 , Englewood, NJ) est un géophysicien américain. Il fut l'un des fondateurs de la séismologie dont la principale contribution fut la notion d'isostasie. (fr) 클래런스 에드워드 더튼(Clarence Edward Dutton, 1841년 5월 15일 ~ 1912년 1월 4일)는 미국의 지질학자·지진학자·화산학자이다. 미국 지질조사소에서 활동하며 콜로라도 고원 및 그랜드 캐니언, 크레이터호 등의 조사에 기여했으며, 지각 평형설에 대한 이론을 발전시켰다. 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다. (ko) クラレンス・エドワード・ダットン（Clarence Edward Dutton、1841年5月15日 - 1912年1月4日）はアメリカ合衆国の地質学者、アメリカ陸軍の軍人である。 (ja) Clarence Edward Dutton (Wallingford, 15 mei 1841 - Englewood (New Jersey), 4 januari 1912) was een Amerikaans geoloog en militair. (nl) Clarence Edward Dutton (ur. 1841, zm. 1912) – amerykański geolog. Ugruntował on pojęcie izostazji, uważając ją za przyczynę ruchów górotwórczych. Dokonał opracowania historii geologicznej Wielkiego Kanionu Kolorado. (pl) Clarence Edward Dutton (May 15, 1841 – January 4, 1912) was an American geologist and US Army officer. Dutton was born in Wallingford, Connecticut on May 15, 1841. He graduated from Yale College in 1860 and took postgraduate courses there until 1862, when he enlisted in the ; he fought at Fredericksburg, Suffolk, Nashville and Petersburg. He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1871. In 1878, he was one of the ten founders of the Cosmos Club. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1884. (en) Clarence Edward Dutton, född 15 maj 1841 i Wallingford, Connecticut, död 4 januari 1912 i Englewood, New Jersey, var en amerikansk militär och geolog. Dutton studerade vid Yale University, deltog i amerikanska inbördeskriget och inträdde 1875 i US Geological Survey, där han deltog i de geologiska pionjärarbetena i västra USA, och i 15 år arbetade han i Klippiga bergen. År 1887 fick han ledningen för arbetena inom vulkanisk geologi vid geologiska undersökningen, och inom det militära avancerade han 1890 till major. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Clarence Dutton (en) كلارنس دوتون (ar) Clarence Edward Dutton (de) Clarence Edward Dutton (fr) 클래런스 더튼 (ko) クラレンス・エドワード・ダットン (ja) Clarence Edward Dutton (nl) Clarence Dutton (pl) Clarence Edward Dutton (sv) |
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