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Contour bunding or contour farming or Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. These contour lines create a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during times of heavy precipitation, allowing more time for the water to settle into the soil. In contour plowing, the ruts made by the plow run perpendicular rather than parallel to the slopes, generally furrows that curve around the land and are level. This method is also known for preventing tillage erosion. Tillage erosion is the soil movement and erosion by tilling a given plot of land. A similar practice is contour bunding where stones are placed around the contours of slopes. Contour ploughing helps to reduce soil erosion. Soil erosion prevention practices such as this can drastically decrease negative effects associated with soil erosion such as reduced crop productivity, worsened water quality, lower effective reservoir water levels, flooding, and habitat destruction. Contour farming is considered an active form of sustainable agriculture. (en) La culture en courbes de niveau, (en anglais, contour plowing ou contour farming ou contour ploughing) est la pratique agricole consistant à labourer et/ou à planter sur une pente selon ses courbes de niveau d’élévation. Ces courbes de niveau créent une rupture de pente qui réduit la formation de ravines et rigoles lors d'un ruissellement important; qui est une cause majeure de l'. La rupture de pente laisse également plus de temps à l'eau pour s'infiltrer dans le sol. Dans les cultures en courbe de niveau, les ornières que font la charrue sont perpendiculaires plutôt que parallèles aux pentes, induisant généralement des sillons qui se courbent autour du terrain et sont de niveau. Cette méthode est également connue pour prévenir l'érosion du labour. (L'érosion du labour est le mouvement et l'érosion du sol qui se produisent en labourant une parcelle donnée.) Une pratique similaire est le contour bunding où des pierres sont placées autour des contours des pentes. La culture en courbes de niveau aide à réduire l'érosion du sol. Des pratiques de prévention de l'érosion du sol telles que celle-ci peuvent réduire considérablement les effets négatifs associés à l'érosion du sol, comme la réduction de la productivité des cultures, la dégradation de la qualité de l'eau, la diminution des niveaux d'eau dans les réservoirs, les inondations et la destruction de l'habitat. La culture en courbes de niveau est considérée comme une forme active d'agriculture durable. (fr) 等高線農業（とうこうせんのうぎょう）とは、傾斜地で行われる農業形式。作物を土地の等高線に沿って帯状に植える。 目的として、土地の表土流出の防止などがある。 (ja) 등고선재배(等高線裁培)는 등고선과 평행하거나 자연경사 방향과 직각으로 경운하여 작물을 재배하는 방법으로 경사방향의 재배에 비해 토양침식의 위험성이 적다. (ko) Il girapoggio è una sistemazione agraria (sistemazioni di colle) del terreno che consiste nello scavare le (fossi di scolo) lungo le curve di livello delle colline allo scopo di raccogliere le acque di precipitazione piovosa e condurle in un fosso aperto lungo la linea di massima pendenza. Ha lo scopo di limitare il fenomeno dell'erosione, in quanto limita il ruscellamento. (it) |
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http://www.pbs./wgbh/amex/dustbowl/timeline/PBS http://www.agr.gc.ca/pfra/soil/soilc02a.htm/ https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs143_026017.pdf http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2267652.stm http://www.britannica.com/eb/article%3FtocId=9026066/ https://web.archive.org/web/20050427204551/http:/www.ctic.purdue.edu/Core4/CT/Choices/choice15.html https://web.archive.org/web/20060926145343/http:/efotg.nrcs.usda.gov/references/public/WI/330.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20130729075139/http:/www.yeomansplow.com.au/priority-one.htm http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5301E/x5301e0a.htm http://extension.psu.edu/agronomy-guide/cm/sec1/sec11d http://extension.psu.edu/agronomy-guide/cm/sec1/sec11e |
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等高線農業（とうこうせんのうぎょう）とは、傾斜地で行われる農業形式。作物を土地の等高線に沿って帯状に植える。 目的として、土地の表土流出の防止などがある。 (ja) 등고선재배(等高線裁培)는 등고선과 평행하거나 자연경사 방향과 직각으로 경운하여 작물을 재배하는 방법으로 경사방향의 재배에 비해 토양침식의 위험성이 적다. (ko) Il girapoggio è una sistemazione agraria (sistemazioni di colle) del terreno che consiste nello scavare le (fossi di scolo) lungo le curve di livello delle colline allo scopo di raccogliere le acque di precipitazione piovosa e condurle in un fosso aperto lungo la linea di massima pendenza. Ha lo scopo di limitare il fenomeno dell'erosione, in quanto limita il ruscellamento. (it) Contour bunding or contour farming or Contour ploughing is the farming practice of plowing and/or planting across a slope following its elevation contour lines. These contour lines create a water break which reduces the formation of rills and gullies during times of heavy precipitation, allowing more time for the water to settle into the soil. In contour plowing, the ruts made by the plow run perpendicular rather than parallel to the slopes, generally furrows that curve around the land and are level. This method is also known for preventing tillage erosion. Tillage erosion is the soil movement and erosion by tilling a given plot of land. A similar practice is contour bunding where stones are placed around the contours of slopes. Contour ploughing helps to reduce soil erosion. (en) La culture en courbes de niveau, (en anglais, contour plowing ou contour farming ou contour ploughing) est la pratique agricole consistant à labourer et/ou à planter sur une pente selon ses courbes de niveau d’élévation. Ces courbes de niveau créent une rupture de pente qui réduit la formation de ravines et rigoles lors d'un ruissellement important; qui est une cause majeure de l'. La rupture de pente laisse également plus de temps à l'eau pour s'infiltrer dans le sol. Dans les cultures en courbe de niveau, les ornières que font la charrue sont perpendiculaires plutôt que parallèles aux pentes, induisant généralement des sillons qui se courbent autour du terrain et sont de niveau. Cette méthode est également connue pour prévenir l'érosion du labour. (L'érosion du labour est le mouvement et (fr) |
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Contour plowing (en) Culture en courbes de niveau (fr) Girapoggio (it) 等高線農業 (ja) 등고선재배 (ko) |
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