Danite (original) (raw)
Als Daniten, auch Söhne Dans oder die Zerstörenden Engel, wird ein Geheimbund bezeichnet, der im 19. Jahrhundert im Zusammenhang mit der Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der letzten Tage stand. Er soll hauptsächlich für die Ausführung der von Brigham Young entwickelten Lehre der Blutsühne zuständig gewesen sein. Eine weitere Aufgabe sei die Bekämpfung von Feinden der Kirche und von Abtrünnigen gewesen. Das gewöhnliche Mitglied der Kirche habe jedoch keine Kenntnis von der Existenz einer solchen innerkirchlichen geheimen Organisation gehabt.
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| dbo:abstract | The Danites were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saint members in June 1838, in the town of Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri. During their period of organization in Missouri, the Danites operated as a vigilante group and took a central role in the events of the 1838 Mormon War. There is no evidence that the Danites existed after 1838. However, they remained an important part of Mormon and non-Mormon folklore, polemics, and propaganda for the remainder of the 19th century, waning in ideological prominence after Utah gained statehood. Notwithstanding public excommunications of Danite leaders by the Church and both public and private statements from Joseph Smith referring to the band as being both evil in nature and a "secret combination" (a term used in the Book of Mormon to signify corruption within a group of people like gangs, organized crime, and politics), the nature and scope of the organization and the degree to which it was officially connected to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints are a matter of some dispute among historians. Earlier in the band's existence, Joseph Smith appeared to endorse the group's actions, but later turned against them as violence increased and the actions of the Danites inspired a hysteria in Missouri that eventually led to the Extermination Order. According to an essay on the website of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), "Historians generally concur that Joseph Smith approved of the Danites but that he probably was not briefed on all their plans and likely did not sanction the full range of their activities." In 1834, during the march of Zion's Camp, a military expedition from Kirtland, Ohio, to Clay County, Missouri, Joseph Smith organized the first Mormon militia known as the "Armies of Israel," which pre-dated the Nauvoo Legion by eight years to protect his community. Some historians have alleged this earlier militia to be the original formation of the Danite band. After the 1838 Missouri Mormon War, the term "Danite" was often connected with Latter Day Saint peacekeeping, including the Nauvoo, Illinois police, the bodyguards of Joseph Smith, and the "whistling and whittling brigades". Although some members of these later groups had been Danites in the Missouri period, the leadership of the 1838 secret society, which came to be known as "Destroying Angels" in particular under group founder Sampson Avard, was not associated with the leadership of the peace-keeping militias commonly referred to by the same name. (en) Als Daniten, auch Söhne Dans oder die Zerstörenden Engel, wird ein Geheimbund bezeichnet, der im 19. Jahrhundert im Zusammenhang mit der Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der letzten Tage stand. Er soll hauptsächlich für die Ausführung der von Brigham Young entwickelten Lehre der Blutsühne zuständig gewesen sein. Eine weitere Aufgabe sei die Bekämpfung von Feinden der Kirche und von Abtrünnigen gewesen. Das gewöhnliche Mitglied der Kirche habe jedoch keine Kenntnis von der Existenz einer solchen innerkirchlichen geheimen Organisation gehabt. Sicher ist, dass die Daniten im Jahre 1837 von und Sampson Avard gegründet und geführt wurden. Nach einer Aussage von Sampson Avard, der wenig später aus der Kirche ausgeschlossen wurde, soll Joseph Smith der maßgebliche Drahtzieher im Hintergrund für Vergeltungsmaßnahmen der Daniten gegen Feinde der Kirche gewesen sein. Auch unter der Führung Brigham Youngs sei der Geheimbund der Daniten aufrechterhalten und von der Kirchenführung unterstützt worden. Kritiker der Kirche ziehen Zitate Brigham Youngs heran, womit sie belegen wollen, dass er die verbrecherischen Taten der Daniten billigte und sogar damit „Feinde“ der Kirche einschüchtern wollte. Der berühmteste Danite war , der mit seiner bei einem Rechtsanwalt hinterlegten Autobiographie den stärksten Beweis dafür lieferte, dass diese Mörderbanden im Auftrag der Kirchenführung tatsächlich bestanden. Auch bei der Planung und Ausführung des Mountain-Meadows-Massakers sollen die Daniten beteiligt gewesen sein. Als Rädelsführer wurde das mutmaßliche Daniten-Mitglied zum Tode verurteilt und 1877 am Ort des Massakers hingerichtet. (de) Los danitas eran una organización fraternal considerada ficticia, que habría sido fundada entre los Santos de los Últimos Días en junio de 1838, en el pueblo de Far West, Condado de Caldwell, estado de Misuri. La leyenda nació durante el breve periodo de organización formal de la iglesia en Misuri, en la que el disidente mormón Sampson Avard referiría en una corte que los danitas aparecieron como grupos de justicieros y que tomarían una parte primordial en los eventos de la Guerra Mormona. La naturaleza y el alcance exactos de la organización, y su conexión con La Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los Últimos Días es un motivo de bastante controversia entre los historiadores. Muchos los utilizan como parte de sus novelas del oeste americano. El humorista estadounidense Mark Twain hizo uso de los danitas en el registro ficticio Roughing It sobre su estadía de dos días en Salt Lake City en 1861. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, publicó en 1890 la novela de misterio Estudio en escarlata en la que el personaje Sherlock Holmes resolviera un asesinato cometido por danitas en Salt Lake City. A comienzos del siglo XX al menos 50 novelas publicadas en inglés usaban personajes danitas para describir tramas de pillaje, conspiración y asesinato entre los ciudadanos más pacíficos. No existen registros de que la organización haya existido en Nauvoo o en el territorio de Utah. (es) |
| dbo:foundedBy | dbr:Sampson_Avard dbr:George_W._Robinson dbr:Jared_Carter_(Latter_Day_Saints) |
| dbo:headquarter | dbr:Salt_Lake_City,_Utah dbr:Nauvoo,_Illinois |
| dbo:keyPerson | dbr:Sampson_Avard dbr:Anson_Call dbr:Hosea_Stout dbr:George_W._Robinson dbr:Wild_Bill_Hickman dbr:Dimick_B._Huntington dbr:Jared_Carter_(Latter_Day_Saints) dbr:Porter_Rockwell dbr:Jackson_Redden |
| dbo:leaderFunction | dbr:Danite__PersonFunction__1 dbr:Danite__PersonFunction__2 dbr:Danite__PersonFunction__3 |
| dbo:membership | 300? (83 signatories on Danite Manifesto) (en) |
| dbo:namedAfter | dbr:Daniel_(biblical_figure) dbr:Tribe_of_Dan |
| dbo:parentOrganisation | dbr:Church_of_Christ_(Latter_Day_Saints) |
| dbo:purpose | To protect the Mormons from attacks, and to carry out reprisals against non-Mormon enemies and internal dissenters |
| dbo:service | dbr:Utah_War dbr:1838_Mormon_War dbr:Mountain_Meadows_Massacre dbr:Daviess_Expedition |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Danites_Charge.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/EoM/id/5656 http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/JournalOfDiscourses3/id/2375 http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/JournalOfDiscourses3/id/9969 http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php%3FCISOROOT=/byustudies&CISOPTR=460&REC=6 http://en.fairmormon.org/Mormonism_and_persecution/Danites https://www.jefflindsay.com/LDSFAQ/FQ_Danites.shtml%23danites https://archive.org/details/documentcontaini00miss https://web.archive.org/web/20120210102943/http:/josephsmithpapers.org/topic%3Fname=Danites https://web.archive.org/web/20181215222632/https:/byustudies.byu.edu/shop/pdfsrc/26.2LeSueur.pdf http://josephsmithpapers.org/topic%3Fname=Danites http://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/pdfsrc/26.2LeSueur.pdf |
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| dbp:after | 1840 (xsd:integer) Nauvoo Legion (en) |
| dbp:before | 1834 (xsd:integer) Armies of Israel (en) |
| dbp:caption | "Charge of the Danites" in the Missouri Mormon War (en) |
| dbp:dissolved | 1870 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:formation | 1834 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:founder | dbr:Sampson_Avard dbr:George_W._Robinson dbr:Jared_Carter_(Latter_Day_Saints) |
| dbp:foundingLocation | dbr:Caldwell_County,_Missouri dbr:Far_West,_Missouri |
| dbp:headquarters | dbr:Salt_Lake_City,_Utah dbr:Nauvoo,_Illinois |
| dbp:imageSize | 400 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:keyPeople | dbr:Sampson_Avard dbr:Anson_Call dbr:Hosea_Stout dbr:George_W._Robinson dbr:Wild_Bill_Hickman dbr:Dimick_B._Huntington dbr:Jared_Carter_(Latter_Day_Saints) dbr:Porter_Rockwell dbr:Jackson_Redden |
| dbp:leaderName | George W. Robinson (en) Jared Carter (en) Sampson Avard (en) |
| dbp:membership | 300 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:methods | bodyguarding, policing, paramilitary and militia duties, covert operations , assassination, vigilantism (en) |
| dbp:name | Danites (en) |
| dbp:namedAfter | Prophet Daniel or Biblical Tribe of Dan (en) |
| dbp:parentOrganization | dbr:Church_of_Christ_(Latter_Day_Saints) |
| dbp:purpose | To protect the Mormons from attacks, and to carry out reprisals against non-Mormon enemies and internal dissenters (en) |
| dbp:services | Military Missouri Mormon War *Daviess Expedition Utah Mormon War *Mountain Meadows Massacre (en) |
| dbp:title | Danites (en) |
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| dbp:years | 1838 (xsd:integer) |
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| rdfs:comment | Als Daniten, auch Söhne Dans oder die Zerstörenden Engel, wird ein Geheimbund bezeichnet, der im 19. Jahrhundert im Zusammenhang mit der Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der letzten Tage stand. Er soll hauptsächlich für die Ausführung der von Brigham Young entwickelten Lehre der Blutsühne zuständig gewesen sein. Eine weitere Aufgabe sei die Bekämpfung von Feinden der Kirche und von Abtrünnigen gewesen. Das gewöhnliche Mitglied der Kirche habe jedoch keine Kenntnis von der Existenz einer solchen innerkirchlichen geheimen Organisation gehabt. (de) The Danites were a fraternal organization founded by Latter Day Saint members in June 1838, in the town of Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri. During their period of organization in Missouri, the Danites operated as a vigilante group and took a central role in the events of the 1838 Mormon War. There is no evidence that the Danites existed after 1838. However, they remained an important part of Mormon and non-Mormon folklore, polemics, and propaganda for the remainder of the 19th century, waning in ideological prominence after Utah gained statehood. Notwithstanding public excommunications of Danite leaders by the Church and both public and private statements from Joseph Smith referring to the band as being both evil in nature and a "secret combination" (a term used in the Book of Mormon t (en) Los danitas eran una organización fraternal considerada ficticia, que habría sido fundada entre los Santos de los Últimos Días en junio de 1838, en el pueblo de Far West, Condado de Caldwell, estado de Misuri. La leyenda nació durante el breve periodo de organización formal de la iglesia en Misuri, en la que el disidente mormón Sampson Avard referiría en una corte que los danitas aparecieron como grupos de justicieros y que tomarían una parte primordial en los eventos de la Guerra Mormona. La naturaleza y el alcance exactos de la organización, y su conexión con La Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los Últimos Días es un motivo de bastante controversia entre los historiadores. Muchos los utilizan como parte de sus novelas del oeste americano. El humorista estadounidense Mark Twain hizo (es) |
| rdfs:label | Daniten (de) Danitas (es) Danite (en) |
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