Dense plasma focus (original) (raw)
Un focalisateur de plasma dense (en anglais dense plasma focus, abrégé DPF), est un appareil qui, par accélération et compression électromagnétiques, donne naissance à un cordon de plasma à vie courte qui produit, grâce aux températures et densités très élevées qu'il atteint, une abondance de rayonnements multiples. Sa conception, qui date du début des années 1960, est due à la fois à l'Américain J.W. Mather et au Russe N.V. Filippov, qui l'ont inventé parallèlement et indépendamment l'un de l'autre. Une telle compression électromagnétique du plasma est appelée striction. Cet appareil est similaire au (en anglais high-intensity plasma gun device, abrégé HIPGD), qui éjecte du plasma sous forme d'un plasmoïde, mais sans striction.
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| dbo:abstract | A dense plasma focus (DPF) is a type of plasma generating system originally developed as a fusion power device starting in the early 1960s. The system demonstrated scaling laws that suggested it would not be useful in the commercial power role, and since the 1980s it has been used primarily as a fusion teaching system, and as a source of neutrons and X-rays. The original concept was developed in 1954 by N.V. Filippov, who noticed the effect while working on early pinch machines in the USSR. A major research program on DPF was carried out in the USSR through the late 1950s, and continues to this day. A different version of the same basic concept was independently discovered in the US by J.W. Mather in the early 1960s. This version saw some development in the 1970s, and variations continue to be developed. The basic design derives from the z-pinch concept. Both the DPF and pinch use large electrical currents run through a gas to cause it to ionize into a plasma and then pinch down on itself to increase the density and temperature of the plasma. The DPF differs largely in form; most devices use two concentric cylinders and form the pinch at the end of the central cylinder. In contrast, z-pinch systems generally use a single cylinder, sometimes a torus, and pinch the plasma into the center. The plasma focus is similar to the high-intensity plasma gun device (HIPGD) (or just plasma gun), which ejects plasma in the form of a plasmoid, without pinching it. A comprehensive review of the dense plasma focus and its diverse applications has been made by Krishnan in 2012. (en) Un focalisateur de plasma dense (en anglais dense plasma focus, abrégé DPF), est un appareil qui, par accélération et compression électromagnétiques, donne naissance à un cordon de plasma à vie courte qui produit, grâce aux températures et densités très élevées qu'il atteint, une abondance de rayonnements multiples. Sa conception, qui date du début des années 1960, est due à la fois à l'Américain J.W. Mather et au Russe N.V. Filippov, qui l'ont inventé parallèlement et indépendamment l'un de l'autre. Une telle compression électromagnétique du plasma est appelée striction. Cet appareil est similaire au (en anglais high-intensity plasma gun device, abrégé HIPGD), qui éjecte du plasma sous forme d'un plasmoïde, mais sans striction. (fr) (Plasma) Focus Fusion is een manier om elektriciteit op te wekken met een apparaat dat bekendstaat onder de engelse benaming Dense Plasma Focus (DPF). Voor Focus Fusion, specifiek, wordt de DPF ingezet als een kernfusie generator, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van protonen en Boor-11 ionen als fusie brandstof (pB11). De pB11 fusie reactie is: Dit is een reactie. Een groot verschil tussen een gewone DPF en de Focus Fusion DPF is de toevoeging van een elektrische spoel rond de elektrode. Deze spoel wekt een magnetisch veld op dat extra draaimoment aan het plasma meegeeft tijdens een puls. Dit extra draaimoment zorgt ervoor dat de magnetische opsluiting van de ionen in het plasma een orde-grootte verbetert ten opzichte van de gewone DPF. De betere magnetische opsluiting en de hogere thermische efficiëntie hebben tot gevolg dat het plasma langer heet blijft en dus meer energie oplevert per puls. De eerste fase van het Focus Fusion testprogramma is naar verwachting eind 2010 of begin 2011 klaar. Dit zal uitsluitsel moeten geven over de vraag of deze technologie al dan niet in staat is om, per puls, meer energie op te wekken dan er moet worden ingestopt. Als dit haalbaar blijkt zal men, in een tweede fase, proberen de machine op te schalen naar enkele tientallen tot honderden pulsen per seconde zodat de DPF kan worden ingezet als kernfusie generator voor de opwekking van elektriciteit. (nl) Focus fusion é uma abordagem alternativa para chegar ao domínio da tecnologia da fusão nuclear para fins pacíficos de geração de eletricidade. Vem sendo desenvolvida por alguns cientistas como o americano e o chileno . A abordagem focus fusion pretende usar o dispositivo chamado Dense Plasma Focus (algo como foco de plasma denso), que já é utilizado há quase 40 anos em diferentes tipos de pesquisas, para atingir a fusão de um átomo de boro (isótopo 11) com um íon positivo de hidrogênio (na prática, um simples próton sem elétron). O "combustível" dessa reação (chamada de p¹¹B) seria um gás em baixa pressão de hidrogênio e boro. Para que essa fusão de hidrogênio e boro aconteça, é necessário atingir temperaturas altíssimas, da ordem de 1 bilhão de graus. Temperaturas como essa já chegaram a ser atingidas com a utilização do Dense Plasma Focus (DPF), em um experimento na Texas A&M University, no ano de 2001. No dia 3 de outubro de 2007, Eric Lerner participou como convidado do , onde apresentou em detalhes a abordagem Focus Fusion. Atualmente, a empresa norte-americana Lawrenceville Plasma Physics (LPP) vem realizando uma série experimentos com financiamento privado em seus laboratórios no estado de New Jersey, utilizando um DPF fabricado sob encomenda, batizado de Focus-Fusion-1. Os experimentos tem o objetivo de tentar provar a possibilidade de se atingir a fusão nuclear controlada com ganho líquido de energia. Em julho de 2017, uma equipe de pesquisadores chilenos, entre eles Leopoldo Soto, publicou um artigo científico em um site mantido pelo American Institute of Physics relatando um experimento realizado com um dispositivo DPF ("dense plasma focus") extremamente pequeno, batizado de "Nanofocus", operando com uma entrada de energia de apenas 0.1 Joule, no qual foi detectado emissão de neutrons, uma forte evidência no sentido da ocorrência de fusão nuclear. (pt) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.fis.puc.cl/~plasma/ http://www.plasmafocus.net/IPFS/otherpapers/DimLifePF96.pdf http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query%3F1961ApJ...133.1049A http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query%3Fbibcode=1961ApJ...133.1043L&db_key=AST&data_type=HTML&format=&high=42ca922c9c03926 http://stacks.iop.org/PPCF/47/A361 http://www.fusionenergy.net.au http://www.pladema.net http://www.plasmafocus.net http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0368-3281/1/3/302/ https://web.archive.org/web/20060528063104/http:/www.icdmp.pl/pf1000.html https://web.archive.org/web/20070606214431/http:/www.cchen.cl/index.php%3Foption=com_content&task=category§ionid=11&id=111&Itemid=71 https://web.archive.org/web/20071022152326/http:/ckplee.myplace.nie.edu.sg/plasmaphysics/ https://web.archive.org/web/20080602140429/http:/mlab.ictp.it/plasma/pfd.html https://web.archive.org/web/20081028222802/http:/www.intimal.edu.my/school/fas/UFLF/ https://web.archive.org/web/20120302171238/http:/www.plasmafocus.net/IPFS/2011papers/0%202011%20Papers.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20160113012445/http:/www.plasmafocus.net/IPFS/2011papers/PFtrendingintotheFuture%20.DOC https://web.archive.org/web/20210518050514/http:/fusionenergy.net.au/ http://video.google.com/videoplay%3Fdocid=-1518007279479871760&emb=1&hl=en http://www.focusfusion.org/ |
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| rdfs:comment | Un focalisateur de plasma dense (en anglais dense plasma focus, abrégé DPF), est un appareil qui, par accélération et compression électromagnétiques, donne naissance à un cordon de plasma à vie courte qui produit, grâce aux températures et densités très élevées qu'il atteint, une abondance de rayonnements multiples. Sa conception, qui date du début des années 1960, est due à la fois à l'Américain J.W. Mather et au Russe N.V. Filippov, qui l'ont inventé parallèlement et indépendamment l'un de l'autre. Une telle compression électromagnétique du plasma est appelée striction. Cet appareil est similaire au (en anglais high-intensity plasma gun device, abrégé HIPGD), qui éjecte du plasma sous forme d'un plasmoïde, mais sans striction. (fr) A dense plasma focus (DPF) is a type of plasma generating system originally developed as a fusion power device starting in the early 1960s. The system demonstrated scaling laws that suggested it would not be useful in the commercial power role, and since the 1980s it has been used primarily as a fusion teaching system, and as a source of neutrons and X-rays. (en) (Plasma) Focus Fusion is een manier om elektriciteit op te wekken met een apparaat dat bekendstaat onder de engelse benaming Dense Plasma Focus (DPF). Voor Focus Fusion, specifiek, wordt de DPF ingezet als een kernfusie generator, waarbij gebruik wordt gemaakt van protonen en Boor-11 ionen als fusie brandstof (pB11). De pB11 fusie reactie is: Dit is een reactie. (nl) Focus fusion é uma abordagem alternativa para chegar ao domínio da tecnologia da fusão nuclear para fins pacíficos de geração de eletricidade. Vem sendo desenvolvida por alguns cientistas como o americano e o chileno . Para que essa fusão de hidrogênio e boro aconteça, é necessário atingir temperaturas altíssimas, da ordem de 1 bilhão de graus. Temperaturas como essa já chegaram a ser atingidas com a utilização do Dense Plasma Focus (DPF), em um experimento na Texas A&M University, no ano de 2001. (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Dense plasma focus (en) Focalisateur de plasma dense (fr) Focus fusion (nl) Focus fusion (pt) |
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