Die Freundin (original) (raw)
Die Freundin (English: The Girlfriend: The Ideal Friendship Journal) was a popular Weimar-era German lesbian magazine published from 1924 to 1933. Founded in 1924, it was the world's first lesbian magazine, closely followed by Frauenliebe and Die BIF (both 1926). The magazine was published from Berlin, the capital of Germany, by the Bund für Menschenrecht (translated variously as League for Human Rights or Federation for Human Rights and abbreviated as BfM), run by gay activist and publisher Friedrich Radszuweit. The Bund was an organization for homosexuals which had a membership of 48,000 in the 1920s.
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| dbo:abstract | Die Freundin (Untertitel Das ideale Freundschaftsblatt) war eine Zeitschrift der Weimarer Republik. Sie erschien von 1924 bis 1933 in Berlin und gilt als erste lesbische Zeitschrift. Sie wurde als „offizielles Publikationsorgan“ vom Bund für Menschenrecht, einem der damals führenden Verbände der Interessen von Homosexuellen, verlegt und war ebenso wie andere lesbische Zeitschriften der Ära eng mit der lokalen Berliner Lesbenkultur verflochten. Mit Die Freundin und dem Bund für Menschenrecht verbundene Frauengruppen und Aktivistinnen veranstalteten in Berlin Lesungen, Veranstaltungen und Diskussionsrunden, zu deren Vernetzung Die Freundin erheblich beitrug. Sie bezog klar politisch Stellung, informierte zum Thema lesbisches Leben, veröffentlichte Kurzgeschichten und Romane ebenso wie Anzeigen lesbischer Treffpunkte oder private Kontaktanzeigen. (de) Die Freundin (English: The Girlfriend: The Ideal Friendship Journal) was a popular Weimar-era German lesbian magazine published from 1924 to 1933. Founded in 1924, it was the world's first lesbian magazine, closely followed by Frauenliebe and Die BIF (both 1926). The magazine was published from Berlin, the capital of Germany, by the Bund für Menschenrecht (translated variously as League for Human Rights or Federation for Human Rights and abbreviated as BfM), run by gay activist and publisher Friedrich Radszuweit. The Bund was an organization for homosexuals which had a membership of 48,000 in the 1920s. Die Freundin and other lesbian magazines of that era such as Frauenliebe (Love of Women) represented a part-educational and part-political perspective, and they were assimilated with the local culture. Die Freundin published short stories and novellas. Renowned contributors were pioneers of the lesbian movement like Selli Engler or Lotte Hahm. The magazine also published advertisements of lesbian nightspots, and women could place their personal advertisements for meeting other lesbians. Women's groups related to the Bund für Menschenrecht and Die Freundin offered a culture of readings, performances, and discussions, which was an alternative to the culture of bars. This magazine was usually critical of women for what they viewed as "attending only to pleasure", with a 1929 article urging women, "Don't go to your entertainments while thousands of our sisters mourn their lives in gloomy despair." Die Freundin, along with other gay and lesbian periodicals, was shut down by the Nazis after they came to power in 1933. But even before the rise of the Nazis, the magazine faced legal troubles during the Weimar Republic. From 1928 to 1929, the magazine was shut down by the government under a law that was supposed to protect youth from "trashy and obscene" literature. During these years, the magazine operated under the title Ledige Frauen (Single Women). (en) Die Freundin (La amiga: revista semanal para la amistad ideal entre mujeres) fue una popular revista lésbica de la República de Weimar, publicada de 1924 a 1933. Se publicaba en Berlín, la capital de Alemania, por el damenklub (literalmente «club de damas», correspondiente a un bar o club lésbico) Violetta y patrocinado por el Bund für Menschenrecht («Liga por los Derechos Humanos» o «Federación por los Derechos Humanos»), una organización homosexual que llegó a tener 48 000 miembros en la década de 1920. La revista, junto con otras revistas lésbicas de la época como Frauenliebe («Amor de mujeres») y Ledige Frauen («Mujeres solteras»), tenían una línea editorial en parte educativa, en parte política, y eran asimilables a la cultura local. Die Freundin publicaba historias y novelas cortas. La revista también publicaba anuncios sobre lugares de ambiente lésbico y anuncios personales para conocer a otras lesbianas. Los grupos de mujeres relacionados con el Bund für Menschenrecht y Die Freundin ofrecían actos culturales, como lecturas, actuaciones y discusiones, que eran una alternativa a la cultura de los bares. La revista era crítica con el tipo de mujeres que consideraba «atendían sólo al placer» , con un artículo de 1929 exhortando a las mujeres «No vayas a divertirte mientras miles de nuestras hermanas se afligen en sus vidas en desesperación sombría». Die Freundin, junto con todas las demás revistas para homosexuales, fue cerrada por los nazis tras su subida al poder en 1933. Pero ya antes de la llegada al gobierno de los nazis, la revista había tenido problemas en la República de Weimar. De 1928 a 1929 la revista fue cerrada por el gobierno bajo una ley que supuestamente protegía a la juventud de literatura «de ínfima calidad y obscena». Durante esos años, la revista se publicó bajo el nombre Ledige Frauen («Mujeres solteras»). (es) Die Freundin (« La Petite amie » en français) est un magazine hebdomadaire allemand, fondé en 1924 et édité jusqu'en 1933. Il s'agit du premier magazine lesbien au monde, suivi de près par Garçonne (ou appelé Frauenliebe) et Die BIF, tous deux sortis en 1926. Le périodique était édité depuis Berlin par le Bund für Menschenrecht (« Fédération des droits de l'homme », abrégée en BfM), organisation homosexuelle comptant 48 000 membre dans les années 1920, en particulier par . Le magazine comprenait des articles sur l'actualité lesbienne mais aussi des fictions écrites par les lectrices. Plusieurs figures lesbiennes de renommée y contribuèrent, comme Selli Engler ou Lotte Hahm. La revue fit aussi de la publicité pour des boîtes de nuit lesbiennes, et un encart était réservé aux petites annonces. Durant la République de Weimar, Die Freundin dut faire face à des problèmes juridiques. De 1928 à 1929, le magazine fut interdit par le gouvernement en vertu d'une loi censée protéger les jeunes de la littérature « trash et obscène ». Au cours de ces années, le magazine fut édité sous un autre titre Ledige Frauen (« Femmes célibataires »). Die Freundin, ainsi que d'autres périodiques gays et lesbiens de l'époque, fut obligé de cesser définitivement sa publication à l'arrivée des nazis au pouvoir, en 1933. (fr) Die Freundin (in lingua inglese: "The Girlfriend: Journal for Ideal Friendship between Women") è stata una popolare rivista di contenuto lesbico pubblicata durante gli anni della repubblica di Weimar, tra il 1924 e il 1933. Il periodico veniva fatto stampare a Berlino, la capitale della Germania, da parte del Bund für Menschenrecht ("Lega per i diritti umani") gestito dall'attivista gay ed editore Friedrich Radszuweit. Il Bund era un'organizzazione fondamentalmente favorevole a quelli che oggi si chiamano diritti LGBT, questo nel corso del primo movimento omosessuale; nel 1920 aveva già un'adesione nazionale di oltre 48 000 iscritti. Questa, insieme ad altre riviste e giornali a tematica lesbica di quell'epoca, come Frauenliebe ("L'amore delle donne") ha rappresentato per la prima volta un punto di vista parziale in campo educativo e semi-politico, ma rivolta espressamente ad un pubblico omosessuale femminile ed è stato presto assimilato con la cultura locale. Die Freundin pubblicava anche racconti e novelle e tra i suoi più rinomati collaboratori vi furono alcuni dei pionieri del movimento lesbico come Selli Engler o Lotte Hahm. La rivista pubblicava inoltre annunci di ritrovi e locali notturni lesbici e le donne potevano mettere le proprie pubblicità personali con l'intento di incontrare altre lesbiche. I gruppi di donne collegate al "Bund für Menschenrecht" in generale e a Die Freundin in particolare offrivano saggi culturali, letture e spettacoli, oltreché dibattiti, che erano per principio un'alternativa alla cultura del bar; questo periodico è stato solitamente assai critico nei confronti di quelle donne che erano solite partecipare soltanto per il semplice divertimento: un articolo del 1929 invitava anzi le donne a non andare ai divertimenti notturni "mentre migliaia di altre nostre sorelle piangono per la loro vita nella disperazione più cupa". Die Freundin, insieme ad altre pubblicazioni gay e lesbiche, è stato fatto chiudere velocemente dopo che il nazionalsocialismo è salito al potere nel 1933 in terra tedesca, sebbene anche prima dell'ascesa nazista la rivista si ritrovò di fronte a svariati problematiche legali per tutti gli anni venti del XX secolo. Dal 1928 all'anno seguente la rivista venne anzi fatta chiudere dal governo tramite una legge la quale avrebbe dovuto, nelle intenzioni, proteggere i giovani dalla letteratura più trash e oscena: in risposta, la rivista si trovò ad operare sotto il titolo "Ledige Frauen"(-Donne sole). (it) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die Freundin (English: The Girlfriend: The Ideal Friendship Journal) was a popular Weimar-era German lesbian magazine published from 1924 to 1933. Founded in 1924, it was the world's first lesbian magazine, closely followed by Frauenliebe and Die BIF (both 1926). The magazine was published from Berlin, the capital of Germany, by the Bund für Menschenrecht (translated variously as League for Human Rights or Federation for Human Rights and abbreviated as BfM), run by gay activist and publisher Friedrich Radszuweit. The Bund was an organization for homosexuals which had a membership of 48,000 in the 1920s. (en) Die Freundin (Untertitel Das ideale Freundschaftsblatt) war eine Zeitschrift der Weimarer Republik. Sie erschien von 1924 bis 1933 in Berlin und gilt als erste lesbische Zeitschrift. Sie wurde als „offizielles Publikationsorgan“ vom Bund für Menschenrecht, einem der damals führenden Verbände der Interessen von Homosexuellen, verlegt und war ebenso wie andere lesbische Zeitschriften der Ära eng mit der lokalen Berliner Lesbenkultur verflochten. Mit Die Freundin und dem Bund für Menschenrecht verbundene Frauengruppen und Aktivistinnen veranstalteten in Berlin Lesungen, Veranstaltungen und Diskussionsrunden, zu deren Vernetzung Die Freundin erheblich beitrug. Sie bezog klar politisch Stellung, informierte zum Thema lesbisches Leben, veröffentlichte Kurzgeschichten und Romane ebenso wie Anzeig (de) Die Freundin (La amiga: revista semanal para la amistad ideal entre mujeres) fue una popular revista lésbica de la República de Weimar, publicada de 1924 a 1933. Se publicaba en Berlín, la capital de Alemania, por el damenklub (literalmente «club de damas», correspondiente a un bar o club lésbico) Violetta y patrocinado por el Bund für Menschenrecht («Liga por los Derechos Humanos» o «Federación por los Derechos Humanos»), una organización homosexual que llegó a tener 48 000 miembros en la década de 1920. (es) Die Freundin (« La Petite amie » en français) est un magazine hebdomadaire allemand, fondé en 1924 et édité jusqu'en 1933. Il s'agit du premier magazine lesbien au monde, suivi de près par Garçonne (ou appelé Frauenliebe) et Die BIF, tous deux sortis en 1926. Le périodique était édité depuis Berlin par le Bund für Menschenrecht (« Fédération des droits de l'homme », abrégée en BfM), organisation homosexuelle comptant 48 000 membre dans les années 1920, en particulier par . (fr) Die Freundin (in lingua inglese: "The Girlfriend: Journal for Ideal Friendship between Women") è stata una popolare rivista di contenuto lesbico pubblicata durante gli anni della repubblica di Weimar, tra il 1924 e il 1933. Il periodico veniva fatto stampare a Berlino, la capitale della Germania, da parte del Bund für Menschenrecht ("Lega per i diritti umani") gestito dall'attivista gay ed editore Friedrich Radszuweit. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Die Freundin (Zeitschrift) (de) Die Freundin (es) Die Freundin (en) Die Freundin (fr) Die Freundin (it) |
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