Diego Gelmírez (original) (raw)
Diego Gelmírez (* vermutlich um 1069; † 1140) war der erste Erzbischof von Santiago de Compostela.
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dbo:abstract | Diego Gelmírez (Gelmires en portuguès, Xelmírez en gallec modern) (Padrón, ~1065 - Santiago de Compostel·la, ~1140) fou bisbe de Santiago de Compostel·la i després primer arquebisbe de la nova arxidiòcesi (1100-~40). Seguint l'exemple del seu antecessor, Dalmau, continuà la influència de Cluny en l'església gallega i l'afavorí, i s'envoltà de clergues francesos. Va escriure en llatí la Història Compostel·lana (cap a 1139), és a dir, De rebus gestis D. Didaci Gelmirez, primi Compostellani Archiepiscopifets (Fets de D. Diego Gelmírez, Primer Arquebisbe de Santiago). Gràcies a la seva bona relació amb l'Orde de Cluny i el seu estret i constant contacte amb Roma obtingué la dignitat arquebisbal per a Santiago (1119). Tot seguit topà amb l'oposició de l'arquebisbe Bernat de Toledo o de Sedirac, sobretot quan Gelmírez pretengué la primacia de les Espanyes, basant-se en l'apostolicitat de la seva seu, pel fet que tenia la tomba de l'apòstol sant Jaume. No obtingué la primacia, però sí la independència de Toledo i la subjecció immediata a Roma. Les seves bones relacions amb el rei Alfons VII van facilitar que li atorgaren amplis poders eclesiàstics, administrar justícia o (fet insòlit a l'Espanya cristiana) encunyar moneda a Santiago. En el camp polític oscil·là moltes vegades entre la reina Urraca I de Lleó i el petit Alfons VII de Lleó, cosa que li comportà enfrontaments amb la reina i amb els nobles, fins al punt que el seu palau episcopal fou saquejat i ell fou tancat en una torre amb la reina i assetjat pel poble. Els pelegrinatges europeus a la catedral de Sant Jaume de Galícia foren àmpliament estimulats gràcies al seu zel i a l'ajut dels abats de Cluny. (ca) Diego Gelmírez (* vermutlich um 1069; † 1140) war der erste Erzbischof von Santiago de Compostela. (de) Diego Gelmírez aŭ Diego Xelmírez; / Santiago-de-Kompostelo?, ĉ. 1068 - Santiago-de-Kompostelo, ĉ. 1140), estis la unua ĉefepiskopo de Santiago, kaj antaŭenigis la konstruadon de la katedralo de Santiago. Li skribis en la latina la manuskripton Registrum, laboro hodiaŭ konata kiel Kompostela Historio, unua ĉefepiskopo de Santiago, kompilo de dokumentoj kaj de la origino de la tempoj de la kompostela diocezo, same kiel de sia propra episkopa registaro. Ankaŭ ŝajnas, ke li promociis la Liber Sancti Iacobi kiel rimedon por disvastigi la devotecon al la apostolo Jakobo, la eŭropa kontinento kaj la konata mondo. Lasta biografia detalo estas, ke li probable vojaĝis al Francio kaj Romo. (eo) Diego Gelmírez o Diego Xelmírez; ¿Catoira/Santiago de Compostela?, c. 1068-Santiago de Compostela, c. 1140), fue el primer arzobispo de Santiago, e impulsó la construcción de la catedral de Santiago de Compostela. Hizo escribir en latín el manuscrito Registrum, obra hoy conocida como Historia Compostelana o Hechos de D. Diego Xelmírez, primer arzobispo de Santiago, una compilación de documentos tanto desde el origen de los tiempos de la diócesis Compostelana, como de su propio gobierno episcopal. Asimismo, parece que promovió el Liber Sancti Iacobi como medio para difundir la devoción al apóstol Santiago, por el continente europeo y el mundo conocido. Un último detalle biográfico es que probablemente viajó a Francia y Roma. (es) Diego Gelmírez or Xelmírez (Latin: Didacus Gelmirici; c. 1069 – c. 1140) was the second bishop (from 1100) and first archbishop (from 1120) of the Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, modern Spain. He is a prominent figure in the history of Galicia and an important historiographer of the Iberia of his day. Diego involved himself in many quarrels, ecclesiastical and secular, which were recounted in the Historia Compostelana, which covered his episcopacy from 1100 to 1139 and serves as a sort of gesta of the bishop's life. He was probably born at Catoira, where his father, Gelmiro or Xelmirio, was the custodian of the castle. He received an education at the court of Alfonso VI, king of León, Galicia and Castile. In 1092, Raymond, count of Galicia, named him his notary and secretary and in 1093 he was the administrator of the Compostelan church. In 1094, was appointed the first bishop of Compostela. Dalmatius died the next year (1095) and the people of the see requested the king nominate Diego administrator again during the vacancy. In 1099, the pope authorised a new episcopal election and Diego was chosen the next year. He was anointed the second bishop of Compostela in 1101. During his tenure, he was given secular rule of the city by Alfonso and he strove to make Compostela a major pilgrimage destination, which he did. He increased the prestige of his see and the volume of pilgrims on the road to Compostela. In 1107 Pedro Fróilaz de Traba, the guardian of the heir, Alfonso Raimúndez, rebelled against Queen Urraca and her new husband, Alfonso the Battler. According to the Historia, he was opposed by a "brotherhood" (germanitas) led by the knight Arias Pérez and Diego Gelmírez, who had known each other since childhood. Diego Gelmírez had accepted the leadership of the brotherhood late in 1109 or early in 1110. In 1110 a truce between Pedro and the brotherhood was broken when the former took over the south Galician fortress of Castrelo de Miño and installed a garrison there under his wife Urraca and the young Alfonso. Arias promptly besieged it, and Pedro came to defend it. The besieged called on Diego to negotiate terms of surrender, which he did, but the brotherhood had grown suspicious of him and when a deal was struck Arias had Diego, Pedro, and Alfonso all arrested. In exchange for the castles of and Lanzada, they were all soon released and Diego went over to the separatists. In 1111, Diego crowned Alfonso Raimúndez King of Galicia in opposition to Urraca and her husband. Late in 1113, when the royal court was in Galicia, Arias was inciting Urraca against Diego. Urraca deprived him of his secular authority at the request of the people, who agitated for communal rights, but she reinstated him in his temporal powers within a year and even exempted him from all military service to the crown and extended his charge over the whole diocese. In 1120, Pope Callixtus II elevated Diego and his see to archiepiscopal rank and appointed him papal legate to Spain. That same year, according to the Historia, Urraca ordered the leading men (principes) of Galicia, including Arias Pérez, to do homage (hominium) to Diego Gelmírez as "their lord, their patron, their king and their prince, saving their fealty to the queen" and recognise his rule (dominio). In 1121, however, after Diego had renewed his alliance with the Pedro Fróilaz de Traba, his power appeared to threaten that of the queen. In the summer of 1121 she had Diego arrested at Castrelo in collaboration with Arias Pérez. Diego was imprisoned for a while, but the support of the people, which he had been cultivating, compelled his release. Sometime in 1121 Munio Peláez built an "adulterine" (i.e. illegal) castle on the near Compostela. The Historia Compostelana calls it a "den of robbers and bandits", and Diego managed to raze it to the ground soon after it was built. In the spring of 1126, shortly after Urraca's death and the accession of Alfonso, Arias led a rebellion in Galicia. Diego Gelmírez and Gómez Núñez of Toroño or perhaps Gutierre Vermúdez were charged per litteras ("by letter") with putting it down. Diego besieged Arias in Lobeiro and, with siege engines, in Tabeirós, forcing him to surrender. Diego's opinion of Arias was such that he said to him: "I fear, therefore, that if such that you are you leave this world, you will lose eternal life and incur the perpetual condemnation of your soul." (en) Diego Gelmírez (né à Padrón en 1069 et mort à Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle en 1140), est un homme d'église galicien, archevêque de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle. (fr) Diego Gelmírez atau Xelmírez (Latin Didacus Gelmirici) (skt. 1069 – skt. 1140) ialah uskup kedua (dari 1100) dan uskup agung pertama (dari 1120) Keuskupan Agung Santiago de Compostela di Galisia, Spanyol modern. Dia adalah seorang tokoh terkemuka dalam sejarah Galisia dan seorang historiografer penting di Iberia pada zamannya. Diego terlibat dalam banyak perselisihan, gerejawi dan sekuler, yang dikisahkan dalam Historia Compostelana, yang mencakup Episkopalnya dari 1100 hingga 1139 dan berfungsi sebagai semacam kehidupan uskup. (in) Diego Gelmírez, o Gelmires (Santiago di Compostela o Catoira, 1068/1070 circa – 1149 circa), è stato un vescovo di Santiago di Compostela dal 1101 al 1136, e il suo primo arcivescovo in base al privilegio papale del 26 febbraio del 1120.È una delle personalità fondamentali della storia della Galizia e un importante storiografo della Spagna del suo tempo. Diego si trovò coinvolto in molte diatribe, ecclesiastiche e secolari, raccontate nella Historia Compostelana, che copre l'arco di tempo del suo episcopato, dal 1100 al 1139, e serve come una sorta di cantar de gesta della vita del vescovo. (it) Diego Gelmírez (Catoira, circa 1068 – 1140 Santiago de Compostella) was bisschop van Santiago de Compostella, van 1101 tot 1120, en aartsbisschop van 1120 tot 1139. Diego Gelmírez was een belangrijke figuur in het politieke leven van Galicië in Spanje in de 12e eeuw. Hij is ook belangrijk als geschiedschrijver. De verhalen over zichzelf en over zijn tijdgenoten tekende hij op in de Historia Compostelana. Deze beslaan het tijdvak van zijn episcopaat (1100-1139). (nl) Diego Gelmires(n. 1068 e 1070, Santiago de Compostela) foi um antigo escriba do conde D. Raimundo de Borgonha, senhor da Galiza, que em 1102 foi eleito para arcebispo de Santiago de Compostela. (pt) Діє́го Гельмі́рес (гал. і ісп. Diego Gelmírez; лат. Didacus Gelmirici; бл. 1069 — бл. 1140) — галісійський католицький священник. Єпископ (1100—1120) і перший (1120—1140). Папський легат в Іспанії (з 1120). Державний і політичний діяч Леонського королівства, один із лідерів «галісійської партії» при королівському дворі. Народився у Катойрі, Галісія, королівство Леон. Походив із шляхетної родини. Син Гельміро (Хельміріо), замкового каштеляна, що захищав галісійське узбережжя від нападів вікінгів. Отримав освіту при дворі короля Альфонсо VI. Секретар галісійського графа (1092—1105). Адміністратор Компостельської церкви (з 1093). Здійснив паломництво до Риму, став папським дияконом. Завдяки папському дозволу (1099) обраний новим єпископом Компостели (1100). Конфірмований на єпископство 21 квітня 1101 року. Перетворив Компостелу на один із найбільших паломницьких центрів Піренейського півострова. Мав великі землеволодіння і власне військо. Продовжив побудову собору святого Якова. На початку громадянської війни в Леоні (1107) виступив у союзі із на захист королеви Урраки проти галісійського графа Педро де Траби та спадкоємця престолу Альфонсо VII, сина Раймунда. Став посередником між Педро й Аріасом, й згодом перейшов на бік першого. Коронував Альфонсо VII на Галісійське королівство (1111). Спричинив повстання компостельців, під час якого згорів північний портал собору (1117). 1120 року рішенням римського папи Калікста II став архієпископом і легатом. Через союз із Педро де Трабою (1121) заарештований Урракою. Деякий час перебував у в'язниці, але отримав свободу за наполяганням народу. Після смерті королеви і сходження на трон Альфонсо VII (1126) брав участь у придушенні повстання Аріаса в Галісії. Діяння описані у «Історії Компостели». (uk) Диего Жельмирес (лат. Didacus Gelmirici, 1069—1140) — второй епископ (с 1100 года) и первый архиепископ (с 1120 года) Римско-католической архиепархии Сантьяго-де-Компостела. Является заметной фигурой в истории Галисии и автором записок по истории Иберии своего времени. Принимал участие во многих конфликтах, как церковных так и светских, описанных в анонимном манускрипте. (ru) |
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rdfs:comment | Diego Gelmírez (* vermutlich um 1069; † 1140) war der erste Erzbischof von Santiago de Compostela. (de) Diego Gelmírez (né à Padrón en 1069 et mort à Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle en 1140), est un homme d'église galicien, archevêque de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle. (fr) Diego Gelmírez atau Xelmírez (Latin Didacus Gelmirici) (skt. 1069 – skt. 1140) ialah uskup kedua (dari 1100) dan uskup agung pertama (dari 1120) Keuskupan Agung Santiago de Compostela di Galisia, Spanyol modern. Dia adalah seorang tokoh terkemuka dalam sejarah Galisia dan seorang historiografer penting di Iberia pada zamannya. Diego terlibat dalam banyak perselisihan, gerejawi dan sekuler, yang dikisahkan dalam Historia Compostelana, yang mencakup Episkopalnya dari 1100 hingga 1139 dan berfungsi sebagai semacam kehidupan uskup. (in) Diego Gelmírez, o Gelmires (Santiago di Compostela o Catoira, 1068/1070 circa – 1149 circa), è stato un vescovo di Santiago di Compostela dal 1101 al 1136, e il suo primo arcivescovo in base al privilegio papale del 26 febbraio del 1120.È una delle personalità fondamentali della storia della Galizia e un importante storiografo della Spagna del suo tempo. Diego si trovò coinvolto in molte diatribe, ecclesiastiche e secolari, raccontate nella Historia Compostelana, che copre l'arco di tempo del suo episcopato, dal 1100 al 1139, e serve come una sorta di cantar de gesta della vita del vescovo. (it) Diego Gelmírez (Catoira, circa 1068 – 1140 Santiago de Compostella) was bisschop van Santiago de Compostella, van 1101 tot 1120, en aartsbisschop van 1120 tot 1139. Diego Gelmírez was een belangrijke figuur in het politieke leven van Galicië in Spanje in de 12e eeuw. Hij is ook belangrijk als geschiedschrijver. De verhalen over zichzelf en over zijn tijdgenoten tekende hij op in de Historia Compostelana. Deze beslaan het tijdvak van zijn episcopaat (1100-1139). (nl) Diego Gelmires(n. 1068 e 1070, Santiago de Compostela) foi um antigo escriba do conde D. Raimundo de Borgonha, senhor da Galiza, que em 1102 foi eleito para arcebispo de Santiago de Compostela. (pt) Диего Жельмирес (лат. Didacus Gelmirici, 1069—1140) — второй епископ (с 1100 года) и первый архиепископ (с 1120 года) Римско-католической архиепархии Сантьяго-де-Компостела. Является заметной фигурой в истории Галисии и автором записок по истории Иберии своего времени. Принимал участие во многих конфликтах, как церковных так и светских, описанных в анонимном манускрипте. (ru) Diego Gelmírez (Gelmires en portuguès, Xelmírez en gallec modern) (Padrón, ~1065 - Santiago de Compostel·la, ~1140) fou bisbe de Santiago de Compostel·la i després primer arquebisbe de la nova arxidiòcesi (1100-~40). Seguint l'exemple del seu antecessor, Dalmau, continuà la influència de Cluny en l'església gallega i l'afavorí, i s'envoltà de clergues francesos. Va escriure en llatí la Història Compostel·lana (cap a 1139), és a dir, De rebus gestis D. Didaci Gelmirez, primi Compostellani Archiepiscopifets (Fets de D. Diego Gelmírez, Primer Arquebisbe de Santiago). (ca) Diego Gelmírez aŭ Diego Xelmírez; / Santiago-de-Kompostelo?, ĉ. 1068 - Santiago-de-Kompostelo, ĉ. 1140), estis la unua ĉefepiskopo de Santiago, kaj antaŭenigis la konstruadon de la katedralo de Santiago. (eo) Diego Gelmírez or Xelmírez (Latin: Didacus Gelmirici; c. 1069 – c. 1140) was the second bishop (from 1100) and first archbishop (from 1120) of the Catholic Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, modern Spain. He is a prominent figure in the history of Galicia and an important historiographer of the Iberia of his day. Diego involved himself in many quarrels, ecclesiastical and secular, which were recounted in the Historia Compostelana, which covered his episcopacy from 1100 to 1139 and serves as a sort of gesta of the bishop's life. (en) Diego Gelmírez o Diego Xelmírez; ¿Catoira/Santiago de Compostela?, c. 1068-Santiago de Compostela, c. 1140), fue el primer arzobispo de Santiago, e impulsó la construcción de la catedral de Santiago de Compostela. (es) Діє́го Гельмі́рес (гал. і ісп. Diego Gelmírez; лат. Didacus Gelmirici; бл. 1069 — бл. 1140) — галісійський католицький священник. Єпископ (1100—1120) і перший (1120—1140). Папський легат в Іспанії (з 1120). Державний і політичний діяч Леонського королівства, один із лідерів «галісійської партії» при королівському дворі. (uk) |
rdfs:label | Diego Gelmírez (ca) Diego Gelmírez (de) Diego Gelmírez (eo) Diego Gelmírez (es) Diego Gelmírez (en) Diego Gelmírez (fr) Diego Gelmírez (in) Diego Gelmírez (it) Diego Gelmírez (nl) Diego Gelmires (pt) Жельмирез, Диего (ru) Дієго Жельмірес (uk) |
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