Durophagy (original) (raw)
Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil turtles, placodonts and invertebrates, as well as "bone-crushing" mammalian carnivores such as hyenas. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw. Bite force is necessary to overcome the physical constraints of consuming more durable prey and gain a competitive advantage over other organisms by gaining access to more diverse or exclusive food resources earlier in life. Those with greater bite forces require less time to consume certain prey items as a greater bite force can increase the net rate of energy intake
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| dbo:abstract | Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil turtles, placodonts and invertebrates, as well as "bone-crushing" mammalian carnivores such as hyenas. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw. Bite force is necessary to overcome the physical constraints of consuming more durable prey and gain a competitive advantage over other organisms by gaining access to more diverse or exclusive food resources earlier in life. Those with greater bite forces require less time to consume certain prey items as a greater bite force can increase the net rate of energy intake when foraging and enhance fitness in durophagous species. In the order Carnivora there are two dietary categories of durophagy; bonecrackers and bamboo eaters. Bonecrackers are exemplified by hyenas and borophagines, while bamboo eaters are primarily the giant panda and the red panda. Both have developed similar cranial morphology. However, the mandible morphology reveals more about their dietary resources. Both have a raised and dome-like anterior cranium, enlarged areas for the attachment of masticatory muscles, enlarged premolars, and reinforced tooth enamel. Bamboo eaters tend to have larger mandibles, while bonecrackers have more sophisticated premolars. (en) Durofagia es el comportamiento alimenticio de los animales que consumen organismos con caparazón duro o exoesqueleto, como corales, moluscos con caparazón o cangrejos. Se usa principalmente para describir peces, pero también para describir reptiles, incluidas las tortugas fósiles, placodontes e invertebrados, así como mamíferos carnívoros "aplastadores de huesos" como las hienas. La durofagia requiere adaptaciones especiales, como dientes fuertes y contundentes, y una mandíbula pesada. La fuerza de la mordedura es necesaria para superar las limitaciones físicas de consumir presas más duraderas y obtener una ventaja competitiva sobre otros organismos al obtener acceso a recursos alimentarios más diversos o exclusivos en una etapa temprana de la vida. Aquellos con mayor fuerza de mordida requieren menos tiempo para consumir ciertas presas, ya que una mayor fuerza de mordida puede aumentar la tasa neta de ingesta de energía cuando se alimentan y mejorar la aptitud en especies durófagas. En el orden Carnivora hay dos categorías dietéticas de durofagia; rompehuesos y comedores de bambú. Los rompehuesos son ejemplificados por las hienas y los gatos con dientes de sable, mientras que los comedores de bambú son principalmente el panda gigante y el panda rojo. Ambos han desarrollado una morfología craneal similar. Sin embargo, la morfología de la mandíbula revela más sobre sus recursos dietéticos. Ambos tienen un cráneo anterior elevado y en forma de cúpula, áreas agrandadas para la unión de los músculos masticatorios, premolares agrandados y esmalte dental reforzado. Los comedores de bambú tienden a tener mandíbulas más grandes, mientras que los rompehuesos tienen premolares más sofisticados. (es) La durofagia è il comportamento alimentare degli animali che consumano organismi dal guscio duro o dotati di esoscheletro, come coralli, molluschi o granchi. È un termine usato principalmente per descrivere i pesci, ma viene anche usato per descrivere i rettili, comprese alcune tartarughe fossili, placodonti e invertebrati, così come i mammiferi carnivori "che triturano le ossa", come le iene. La durofagia richiede adattamenti speciali, come denti forti e smussati e mascelle robuste. La forza del morso è necessaria per superare i vincoli fisici del consumo di prede più resistenti e ottenere un vantaggio competitivo rispetto ad altri organismi, accedendo a risorse alimentari diversificate o esclusive. Gli animali dotati di una maggiore forza del morso richiedono meno tempo per consumare determinate prede, poiché una maggiore forza può aumentare il tasso netto di assunzione di energia durante il foraggiamento e migliorare la forma fisica nelle specie durofaghe. Nell'ordine Carnivora ci sono due categorie di animali durofagi: i "frantumatori di ossa" e i "mangiatori di bambù". Gli "schiacciaossa" sono esemplificati da iene e tigri dai denti a sciabola, mentre i mangiatori di bambù sono principalmente il panda gigante e il panda rosso. Entrambi i gruppi hanno sviluppato una morfologia cranica simile, ma la morfologia della mandibola rivela di più sulle loro risorse alimentari. Entrambi hanno la parte anteriore della scatola cranica rigonfia, a forma di cupola, estese aree per l'attacco dei muscoli masticatori, premolari ingranditi e smalto dei denti rinforzato. I mangiatori di bambù tendono ad avere mandibole più grandi, mentre i frantumatori di ossa hanno premolari più specializzati. Altri mammiferi durofagi includono la lontra marina, il tricheco, i cercocebi e il ghiottone. Tra i pesci si ricordano i pesci balestra, alcuni ciclidi, gli squali eterodontidi, le chimere e le razze miliobatidi. (it) |
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| rdfs:comment | Durophagy is the eating behavior of animals that consume hard-shelled or exoskeleton bearing organisms, such as corals, shelled mollusks, or crabs. It is mostly used to describe fish, but is also used when describing reptiles, including fossil turtles, placodonts and invertebrates, as well as "bone-crushing" mammalian carnivores such as hyenas. Durophagy requires special adaptions, such as blunt, strong teeth and a heavy jaw. Bite force is necessary to overcome the physical constraints of consuming more durable prey and gain a competitive advantage over other organisms by gaining access to more diverse or exclusive food resources earlier in life. Those with greater bite forces require less time to consume certain prey items as a greater bite force can increase the net rate of energy intake (en) Durofagia es el comportamiento alimenticio de los animales que consumen organismos con caparazón duro o exoesqueleto, como corales, moluscos con caparazón o cangrejos. Se usa principalmente para describir peces, pero también para describir reptiles, incluidas las tortugas fósiles, placodontes e invertebrados, así como mamíferos carnívoros "aplastadores de huesos" como las hienas. (es) La durofagia è il comportamento alimentare degli animali che consumano organismi dal guscio duro o dotati di esoscheletro, come coralli, molluschi o granchi. È un termine usato principalmente per descrivere i pesci, ma viene anche usato per descrivere i rettili, comprese alcune tartarughe fossili, placodonti e invertebrati, così come i mammiferi carnivori "che triturano le ossa", come le iene. (it) |
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