Rodrigo Duterte's tenure as the 16th President of the Philippines, succeeding Benigno Aquino III, began with his inauguration on June 30, 2016, following his landslide victory in the 2016 presidential election, and ended on June 30, 2022. Duterte is the first president from Mindanao; at age 71 is the oldest person to be elected President of the Philippines; and the first Philippine president to have worked in all three branches of government. His election victory was driven by growing public frustration over post-EDSA democratic governance, which favored political and economic elites over ordinary Filipinos. Duterte started a nationwide campaign to reduce crime, including corruption and the illegal drug trade. He implemented a crackdown on illegal drugs, which significantly reduced drug proliferation in the country but caused the deaths of about 6,600 persons linked to the illegal drugs trade as of July 2019, attracting international criticism. His administration withdrew the Philippines from the International Criminal Court following the court's launch of a preliminary examination into crimes against humanity allegedly committed by Duterte and other top officials of the war on drugs. Duterte increased infrastructure spending and launched Build! Build! Build!, an ambitious building program. He initiated liberal economic reforms to attract foreign investors and reformed the country's tax system. He took measures to eliminate corruption and red tape by establishing freedom of information under the executive branch and signing the Ease of Doing Business Act to improve the business environment. He granted free irrigation to small farmers and liberalized rice imports by signing the Rice Tariffication Law to stabilize rice prices. Duterte implemented a campaign against terrorism and communist insurgency. He signed a controversial law strengthening counter-terrorism and oversaw the five-month-long Battle of Marawi, declaring martial law throughout Mindanao and extending it for two years; this marked the longest period of martial law in the Philippines since the 14-year rule of Ferdinand Marcos. Duterte initially pursued peace talks with the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) but canceled all negotiations in February 2017 following New Peoples Army (NPA) attacks on soldiers, and officially declared the CPP-NPA a terrorist group. He created task forces to end local communist armed conflict and for the reintegration of former communist rebels. Duterte enacted a law establishing the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao and signed proclamations granting amnesty to former rebels. Duterte implemented free college education in all state universities and colleges, institutionalized the alternative learning system, signed the automatic enrollment of all Filipinos in the government's health insurance program, and ordered the full implementation of the Reproductive Health Law. He responded to the COVID-19 pandemic in the country, initially implementing strict lockdown measures; this caused a 9.5% contraction of the country's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2020, which was followed in 2021 by recovery to 5.6% with the gradual reopening of the economy and the implementation of a nationwide vaccination drive. Duterte pursued an "independent foreign policy", seeking to improve relations with China and Russia while lessening the country's dependence on the United States, its traditional ally. He adopted a cautious, pragmatic, and conciliatory stance toward China compared to that of his predecessor Aquino, and set aside the previous government's policy of using the Philippines v. China ruling to assert the Philippines' claims over the South China Sea and its islands. Duterte has been described as a controversial and polarizing figure; despite criticism and international opposition to his anti-narcotics drive, his domestic approval rating remained relatively high throughout his presidency. (en)
Kepresidenan Rodrigo Duterte dimulai pada tengah hari tanggal 30 Juni 2016 setelah ia dilantik sebagai Presiden Filipina ke-16 dan menggantikan Benigno Aquino III . Masa jabatannya diperkirakan akan berakhir pada tengah hari 30 Juni 2022. Leni Robredo juga mulai menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden Filipina ke-14 pada hari yang sama, menggantikan Jejomar Binay . Duterte adalah presiden pertama dari Mindanao dan orang tertua yang terpilih sebagai presiden Filipina. Ia juga merupakan presiden Filipina pertama yang punya pengalaman di tiga cabang pemerintahan. Ia dikenal akan kiprahnya sebagai walikota Davao. Duterte dikenal akan komentarnya yang kasar tentang perzinaan dan pemerkosaan. Ia pernah menghina pejabat dari PBB, Presiden Obama, dan Uni Eropa. Ia memiliki hubungan buruk dengan Gereja Katolik Roma, karena ia mengklaim pernah dilecekan oleh seorang pastor, dan ia juga pernah memakai istilah "anak pelacur" saat menyebut Paus yang sedang berkunjung ke Filipina dan menyebabkan kemacetan. Pada masa pemerintahannya, Daerah Otonom Bangsamoro dibentuk setelah rakyatnya menyetujui sistem tersebut dalam sebuah referendum yang digelar tahun 2019. Konflik bersenjata berlanjut di Mindanao. Setelah Marawi diduduki oleh Kelompok Maute, Duterte mendeklarasikan darurat militer di seluruh Mindanao yang kemudian diperpanjang selama dua tahun hingga 2019 untuk menjaga ketertiban di pulau itu. Dalam hal hubungan luar negeri, Duterte mengamalkan kebijakan luar negeri yang independen dan berusaha meningkatkan hubungan dengan Cina dan Rusia serta menjauhkan diri dari sekutu lamanya, Amerika Serikat. Ia mengambil sikap yang lebih bersahabat terhadap Tiongkok dibandingkan dengan pendahulunya dan telah mengesampingkan kebijakan pemerintah sebelumnya yang memanfaatkan putusan arbitrase Filipina v. Tiongkok untuk menegaskan klaim Filipina di Laut Cina Selatan dan pulau-pulau yang berada di laut itu. (in)
Kepresidenan Rodrigo Duterte dimulai pada tengah hari tanggal 30 Juni 2016 setelah ia dilantik sebagai Presiden Filipina ke-16 dan menggantikan Benigno Aquino III . Masa jabatannya diperkirakan akan berakhir pada tengah hari 30 Juni 2022. Leni Robredo juga mulai menjabat sebagai Wakil Presiden Filipina ke-14 pada hari yang sama, menggantikan Jejomar Binay . (in)
Rodrigo Duterte's tenure as the 16th President of the Philippines, succeeding Benigno Aquino III, began with his inauguration on June 30, 2016, following his landslide victory in the 2016 presidential election, and ended on June 30, 2022. Duterte is the first president from Mindanao; at age 71 is the oldest person to be elected President of the Philippines; and the first Philippine president to have worked in all three branches of government. His election victory was driven by growing public frustration over post-EDSA democratic governance, which favored political and economic elites over ordinary Filipinos. (en)