EFEO Chinese transcription (original) (raw)
Die EFEO-Transkription ist eine Umschrift für die chinesische Sprache, die zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts von Wissenschaftlern der École française d’Extrême-Orient, wie z. B. Séraphin Couvreur, Arnold Vissière, u. a. entwickelt wurde. Sie ist daher auch unter den Namen Couvreur-System bzw. Vissière-Umschrift bekannt.
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| dbo:abstract | Die EFEO-Transkription ist eine Umschrift für die chinesische Sprache, die zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts von Wissenschaftlern der École française d’Extrême-Orient, wie z. B. Séraphin Couvreur, Arnold Vissière, u. a. entwickelt wurde. Sie ist daher auch unter den Namen Couvreur-System bzw. Vissière-Umschrift bekannt. (de) The Chinese transcription of the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) was the most used phonetic transcription of Chinese in the French-speaking world until the middle of the 20th century. While it is often deemed to have been devised by Séraphin Couvreur (who was not an EFEO member), its actual creator was (1858–1930). It was superseded by Hanyu Pinyin. The transcription of the EFEO did not borrow its phonetics from the national official Standard Mandarin. Rather, it was synthesized independently to be a mean of Chinese dialects, and shows a state of sounds a little older in form (as in Latinxua Sin Wenz and the older version of Wade-Giles). Hence, the phoneme [tɕ] (Pinyin: ⟨j⟩), is transcribed as either ⟨ts⟩ or ⟨k⟩; before the jian-tuan merger in contemporary Mandarin, i.e. the merger between the alveolar consonants and the alveolo-palatal consonants, before the high front vowels [i] and [y]. Since EFEO makes use, to a large extent, of the phonetic values of Latin letters as used in French, the transcription of many Chinese syllables into the EFEO system is quite similar to how they were transcribed by French missionaries in the late 17th to 19th centuries (e.g., as seen in Description ... de la Chine compiled by Jean-Baptiste Du Halde); for example, "Yanzhou Fou" is "Yen-tcheou-fou" in both cases. However, a few features (notably, the wide use of "ts", and the use of apostrophes to show aspiration) distinguishes it from the early French missionary systems. (en) Le système de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), conçu par Séraphin Couvreur en 1902, est un système de transcription phonétique du chinois, qui fut la romanisation des langues chinoises la plus utilisée dans l'aire linguistique française jusqu'au milieu du XXe siècle, avant d'être peu à peu remplacée par le hanyu pinyin. Ce système de romanisation a été adopté par le ministère des Affaires étrangères français et l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, avec de légères variantes, d'après le système conçu en 1901 par Arnold Vissière (1858-1930). (fr) 프랑스 원동박고원 병음체계(法國遠東學院拼音, Système de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO)병음(拼音)체계)는 20세기 중기 이전에 프랑스어 중 가장 많이 사용되었던 중국어 로마자 병음 표기 방법이다. 원동박고원의 한학가(漢學家) Séraphin Couvreur(顧賽芬）신부(神父)가 1902년 제정하였다. 이후 한어병음 표기법으로 대체되었다. (ko) La romanizzazione dell'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) fu il sistema di trascrizione fonetica del cinese più utilizzato nel mondo francofono fino alla metà del XX secolo. Fu creato da della stessa scuola nel 1902. Fu poi soppiantato dall'Hanyu Pinyin. (it) O sistema da (EFEO), concebido por em 1902, é um sistema de transcrição fonética do chinês. Foi o sistema de romanização das línguas chinesas mais utilizado na área do francês até meados do século XX, começando a ser gradualmente substituído pelo hànyǔ pīnyīn. (pt) 法國遠東學院拼音 （法語：Système de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO)），簡稱EFEO拼音，是二十世紀中期以前法語中最常用的中文羅馬字拼法，是法國遠東學院的漢學家顾赛芬神父於1902年制定的。後逐漸為漢語拼音取代。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die EFEO-Transkription ist eine Umschrift für die chinesische Sprache, die zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts von Wissenschaftlern der École française d’Extrême-Orient, wie z. B. Séraphin Couvreur, Arnold Vissière, u. a. entwickelt wurde. Sie ist daher auch unter den Namen Couvreur-System bzw. Vissière-Umschrift bekannt. (de) Le système de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), conçu par Séraphin Couvreur en 1902, est un système de transcription phonétique du chinois, qui fut la romanisation des langues chinoises la plus utilisée dans l'aire linguistique française jusqu'au milieu du XXe siècle, avant d'être peu à peu remplacée par le hanyu pinyin. Ce système de romanisation a été adopté par le ministère des Affaires étrangères français et l'École française d'Extrême-Orient, avec de légères variantes, d'après le système conçu en 1901 par Arnold Vissière (1858-1930). (fr) 프랑스 원동박고원 병음체계(法國遠東學院拼音, Système de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO)병음(拼音)체계)는 20세기 중기 이전에 프랑스어 중 가장 많이 사용되었던 중국어 로마자 병음 표기 방법이다. 원동박고원의 한학가(漢學家) Séraphin Couvreur(顧賽芬）신부(神父)가 1902년 제정하였다. 이후 한어병음 표기법으로 대체되었다. (ko) La romanizzazione dell'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) fu il sistema di trascrizione fonetica del cinese più utilizzato nel mondo francofono fino alla metà del XX secolo. Fu creato da della stessa scuola nel 1902. Fu poi soppiantato dall'Hanyu Pinyin. (it) O sistema da (EFEO), concebido por em 1902, é um sistema de transcrição fonética do chinês. Foi o sistema de romanização das línguas chinesas mais utilizado na área do francês até meados do século XX, começando a ser gradualmente substituído pelo hànyǔ pīnyīn. (pt) 法國遠東學院拼音 （法語：Système de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO)），簡稱EFEO拼音，是二十世紀中期以前法語中最常用的中文羅馬字拼法，是法國遠東學院的漢學家顾赛芬神父於1902年制定的。後逐漸為漢語拼音取代。 (zh) The Chinese transcription of the École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO) was the most used phonetic transcription of Chinese in the French-speaking world until the middle of the 20th century. While it is often deemed to have been devised by Séraphin Couvreur (who was not an EFEO member), its actual creator was (1858–1930). It was superseded by Hanyu Pinyin. (en) |
| rdfs:label | EFEO-Transkription (de) EFEO Chinese transcription (en) Romanisation de l'EFEO (fr) Romanizzazione dell'EFEO (it) 원동박고원 병음체계 (ko) EFEO (pt) 法國遠東學院拼音 (zh) |
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