| dbo:abstract |
تُجرى الانتخابات في ماليزيا على مستويين: المستوى الاتحادي ومستوى الولايات. الانتخابات على المستوى الاتحادي هي انتخابات أعضاء مجلس النواب، ديوان الرعية، في حين الانتخابات على مستوى الولايات هي انتخابات عضوية مختلف المجالس التشريعية للولايات. يُنتخب رئيسا السلطة التنفيذية على المستوى الاتحادي وعلى مستوى الولايات، وهما رئيس الوزراء والوزير الأول/منتري بسر، انتخابًا غير مباشر، ويشغل هذين المنصبين عادة عضو في ائتلاف/حزب الأغلبية في الهيئات التشريعية المعنية. في حين أنه يجوز لأي ولاية حل مجلسها بمعزل عن البرلمان الاتحادي، فإن الممارسة التقليدية تقضي بحل معظم مجالس الولايات بالتزامن مع البرلمان، باستثناء ولايتي صباح وسراوق، على الرغم من أن هاتين الولايتين أجريتا انتخابات بالتزامن مع بقية الولايات، كما هو الحال بالنسبة لولايتي صباح بعد عام 1999، وسراوق في انتخابات 1969 و1974. (ar) Εκλογές στη Μαλαισία υπάρχουν σε δύο επίπεδα: το ομοσπονδιακό και το κρατιδιακό επίπεδο. Ομοσπονδιακές εκλογές διεξάγονται για τη συμμετοχή στο , τον κατώτερο οίκο του Κοινοβουλίου, ενώ κρατιδιακές εκλογές διεξάγονται για τις διάφορες περιφερειακές συνελεύσεις (κοινοβούλια). (el) Elections in Malaysia include elections to public office of the political entities that since 1963 have composed the federation of Malaysia. At present, elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: federal level and state level. Federal level elections are those for membership in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies. The heads of executive branch at both the federal and state levels, the Prime Minister and Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers respectively, are indirectly elected, usually filled by a member of the majority party/coalition in the respective legislatures. While any state may dissolve its assembly independently of the Federal Parliament, the traditional practice is for most state assemblies to be dissolved at the same time as Parliament, with the exception of Sabah and Sarawak, although these two states had held elections simultaneously with the rest of the country, as it is the case for Sabah in elections from 2004 to 2018, and Sarawak in the 1969 and 1974 elections. The practice of holding simultaneous elections was disrupted following the 2020–2022 Malaysian political crisis, with only three states holding state elections at the same time as the 2022 parliamentary general election. (en) Pemilihan umum di Malaysia mempunyai dua tingkatan yaitu tingkat federal/persekutuan dan tingkat negeri/negara bagian. Pemilihan tingkat federal adalah untuk memilih anggota legislatif untuk majelis legislatif rendah atau disebut Dewan Rakyat yang nantinya akan menjadi bagian dari Parlemen Malaysia, sedangkan pemilihan tingkat negara bagian adalah memilih anggota legislatif untuk majelis legislatif negeri/negara bagian atau disebut Dewan Undangan Negeri. Ketua eksekutif di tingkat federal adalah perdana menteri sedangkan untuk negara bagian adalah menteri besar (untuk negara bagian dengan sistem monarki) dan ketua menteri (untuk negara bagian non-monarki). Masing-masing ketua eksekutif dipilih secara langsung dari partai pemenang pemilu baik ditingkat federal maupun ditingkat negeri/negara bagian. Setiap majelis legislatif negara bagian dapat membubarkan majelisnya secara independen tetapi dalam prakteknya sebagian besar majelis negara bagian dibubarkan bersamaan dengan Parlemen Malaysia kecuali pemilu di Sabah dan Sarawak. (in) 이 문서는 말레이시아의 선거에 대해 다룬다. (ko) 馬來西亞選舉分為兩個層級選舉，即聯邦層級選舉和州層級選舉。聯邦選舉是人民通過直接選舉產生出國會下議院議員（國會議員）；而州選舉則是人民通過直接選舉產生出各州立法議會議員（州議員）。沿襲自英國選舉制度，馬來西亞聯邦政府首腦稱爲馬來西亞首相，由馬來西亞下議院以間接選舉的方式選舉出來的，通常為國會下議院内最大政黨的黨魁。各州政府首腦被稱爲「州務大臣」和「首席部長」，由各州立法議會以間接選舉的方式選舉出來的，通常是州立法議會内最大黨的州領袖擔任。 雖然馬來西亞各州立法議會能夠依據各自的州憲法解散並舉行州層級選舉，但在慣例上各州立法議會會和馬來西亞國會同時或接近的時間解散，以便同時進行聯邦和州層級選舉。霹雳州議會、玻璃市州議會和彭亨州議會是目前唯三與聯邦國會同一時間解散舉行選舉的州議會。 (zh) |
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http://psephos.adam-carr.net/countries/m/malaysia/ https://web.archive.org/web/20070223092406/http:/www.iseas.edu.sg/trends120.pdf |
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Εκλογές στη Μαλαισία υπάρχουν σε δύο επίπεδα: το ομοσπονδιακό και το κρατιδιακό επίπεδο. Ομοσπονδιακές εκλογές διεξάγονται για τη συμμετοχή στο , τον κατώτερο οίκο του Κοινοβουλίου, ενώ κρατιδιακές εκλογές διεξάγονται για τις διάφορες περιφερειακές συνελεύσεις (κοινοβούλια). (el) 이 문서는 말레이시아의 선거에 대해 다룬다. (ko) 馬來西亞選舉分為兩個層級選舉，即聯邦層級選舉和州層級選舉。聯邦選舉是人民通過直接選舉產生出國會下議院議員（國會議員）；而州選舉則是人民通過直接選舉產生出各州立法議會議員（州議員）。沿襲自英國選舉制度，馬來西亞聯邦政府首腦稱爲馬來西亞首相，由馬來西亞下議院以間接選舉的方式選舉出來的，通常為國會下議院内最大政黨的黨魁。各州政府首腦被稱爲「州務大臣」和「首席部長」，由各州立法議會以間接選舉的方式選舉出來的，通常是州立法議會内最大黨的州領袖擔任。 雖然馬來西亞各州立法議會能夠依據各自的州憲法解散並舉行州層級選舉，但在慣例上各州立法議會會和馬來西亞國會同時或接近的時間解散，以便同時進行聯邦和州層級選舉。霹雳州議會、玻璃市州議會和彭亨州議會是目前唯三與聯邦國會同一時間解散舉行選舉的州議會。 (zh) تُجرى الانتخابات في ماليزيا على مستويين: المستوى الاتحادي ومستوى الولايات. الانتخابات على المستوى الاتحادي هي انتخابات أعضاء مجلس النواب، ديوان الرعية، في حين الانتخابات على مستوى الولايات هي انتخابات عضوية مختلف المجالس التشريعية للولايات. يُنتخب رئيسا السلطة التنفيذية على المستوى الاتحادي وعلى مستوى الولايات، وهما رئيس الوزراء والوزير الأول/منتري بسر، انتخابًا غير مباشر، ويشغل هذين المنصبين عادة عضو في ائتلاف/حزب الأغلبية في الهيئات التشريعية المعنية. (ar) Elections in Malaysia include elections to public office of the political entities that since 1963 have composed the federation of Malaysia. At present, elections in Malaysia exist at two levels: federal level and state level. Federal level elections are those for membership in the Dewan Rakyat, the lower house of Parliament, while state level elections are for membership in the various State Legislative Assemblies. The heads of executive branch at both the federal and state levels, the Prime Minister and Menteri Besar/Chief Ministers respectively, are indirectly elected, usually filled by a member of the majority party/coalition in the respective legislatures. (en) Pemilihan umum di Malaysia mempunyai dua tingkatan yaitu tingkat federal/persekutuan dan tingkat negeri/negara bagian. Pemilihan tingkat federal adalah untuk memilih anggota legislatif untuk majelis legislatif rendah atau disebut Dewan Rakyat yang nantinya akan menjadi bagian dari Parlemen Malaysia, sedangkan pemilihan tingkat negara bagian adalah memilih anggota legislatif untuk majelis legislatif negeri/negara bagian atau disebut Dewan Undangan Negeri. Ketua eksekutif di tingkat federal adalah perdana menteri sedangkan untuk negara bagian adalah menteri besar (untuk negara bagian dengan sistem monarki) dan ketua menteri (untuk negara bagian non-monarki). Masing-masing ketua eksekutif dipilih secara langsung dari partai pemenang pemilu baik ditingkat federal maupun ditingkat negeri/negara (in) |
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Elections in Malaysia (en) الانتخابات في ماليزيا (ar) Εκλογές στη Μαλαισία (el) Pemilihan umum di Malaysia (in) 말레이시아의 선거 (ko) マレーシアの総選挙 (ja) 马来西亚选举 (zh) |
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