The Protectorate (original) (raw)
En la història britànica El Protectorat és el nom amb el qual es coneix la Commonwealth d'Anglaterra, Escòcia i Irlanda sota el govern del Lord Protector.
.svg?width=300)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| dbo:abstract | En la història britànica El Protectorat és el nom amb el qual es coneix la Commonwealth d'Anglaterra, Escòcia i Irlanda sota el govern del Lord Protector. (ca) Protektorát v Británii bylo období let 1653 až 1659, kdy byla Anglie (včetně Walesu) a později i Irsko a Skotsko řízeny lordem protektorem a tento těsný svazek nesl název Společenství Anglie, Skotska a Irska (anglicky Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland). (cs) Το Προτεκτοράτο (αγγλικά: the Protectorate) ήταν η περίοδος της (ή κατά τους μοναρχιστές της ) όπου οι Αγγλία (τότε συμπεριελάμβανε την Ουαλία), Σκωτία και Ιρλανδία κυβερνήθηκαν από έναν . Εναρκτήριο έτος αποτελεί το 1653 όταν, έπειτα τη διάλυση του , ο Όλιβερ Κρόμγουελ ορίστηκε Λόρδος Προστάτης της Κοινοπολιτείας σύμφωνα με τα άρθρα του , πρώτου συντάγματος στη χώρα. (el) Angla Protektorato aŭ en angla simple Protectorate estis la periodo dum la Interregno (1649–1660) kiam Anglio (kiu tiam inkludis Kimrion), Irlando kaj Skotlando estis regitaj de Lordo-Protektanto. La Protektorato ekis en 1653 kiam, post la dissolvo de la kaj poste de la , Oliver Cromwell estis nomumita Lordo-Protektanto de la Komunumo de Anglio laŭ la terminoj de la Instrument of Government. En 1659 la Protektorata Parlamento estis dissolvita fare de la Komitato de Sekureco (Anglio) ĉar Richard Cromwell, kiu estis sukcedinta sian patron kiel Lordo-Protektanto, montriĝis kapabla kontroli nek la Parlamenton nek la Armeon. Tio markis la fino de la Protektorato kaj la komencon de dua periodo de regado fare de la Puga Parlamento kiel leĝofara povo kaj de la Ŝtata Konsilantaro kiel plenuma. (eo) El Protectorado (en inglés The Protectorate) es el nombre que se le da al período durante el cual la Mancomunidad de Inglaterra (the Commonwealth), Escocia e Irlanda, así como las posesiones inglesas de ultramar, fueron gobernadas por el Lord Protector en un sistema republicano. Se extendió desde 1653 cuando Oliver Cromwell fue investido como Lord Protector, tras la disolución del Parlamento, hasta 1659, cuando Richard Cromwell, quien había sucedido a su padre Oliver, fue incapaz de ejercer control sobre el Parlamento y el Ejército. (es) Ba í an Chosantóireacht an tréimhse le linn an (nó, do mhonarcóirí, an ) nuair a bhí Sasana agus an Bhreatain Bheag, Albain, Éire agus á rialú ag an mar phoblacht. Thosaigh an Chosantóireacht i 1653, nuair a cheadaigh díscaoileadh an agus ansin lig , a bhí ann ina dhiaidh sin, d'Oilibhéar Cromail a bheith roghnaithe mar Thiarna Cosanta an Chomhlathais faoi théarmaí na h. Sa bhliain 1659, dhíscaoil Parlaimint na Cosantóireachta toisc nach raibh Richard Cromwell, a tháinig i gcomharbacht ar a athair mar Thiarna Cosanta, in ann smacht a choinneáil ar an bParlaimint agus ar an Arm. Ba é sin deireadh na Cosantóireachta agus tús an dara tréimhse de riail na Parlaiminte Geadáine mar an reachtas agus an mar fheidhmeannas. (ga) Le Protectorate (anglais pour le « protectorat ») est un épisode de l'histoire de l'Angleterre de 1653 à 1659 durant laquelle le Commonwealth d'Angleterre, d'Écosse et d'Irlande était dirigé par un lord-protecteur. (fr) Masa Protektorat (bahasa Inggris: The Protectorate) adalah periode pada masa Persemakmuran (atau, bagi monarkis, ) saat Inggris dan Wales, Irlandia dan Skotlandia diperintah oleh seorang Lord Protector sebagai sebuah republik. Masa Protektorat dimulai pada 1653 saat, setelah pembubaran dan kemudian , Oliver Cromwell diangkat menjadi Lord Protector of the Commonwealth di bawah . Pada 1659, Parlemen Protektorat dibubarkan oleh saat Richard Cromwell, yang meneruskan ayahnya sebagai Lord Protector, tak dapat mempertahankan kontrol atas Parlemen dan Angkatan Bersenjata. (in) The Protectorate was the period of the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum) during which England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the English overseas possessions were governed by a Lord Protector as a republic. The Protectorate began in 1653, when the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament allowed Oliver Cromwell to be appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government. In 1659, the Protectorate Parliament was dissolved by the Committee of Safety as Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father as Lord Protector, was unable to keep control of the Parliament and the Army. That marked the end of the Protectorate and the start of a second period of rule by the Rump Parliament as the legislature and the Council of State as the executive. (en) 호국경 정치(護國卿政治)는 잉글랜드 왕국에서 벌어진 청교도 혁명 과정에서 진행되었던 정치적 양상이었다. 잔부의회(殘部議會)가 영국의 민주화에 열의를 보이지 않았기 때문에, 크롬웰이 영도하는 혁명세력은 무력으로 의회를 해산하고 추천의원으로써 의회를 구성했다. 그러한 그들의 급진적인 개혁에 유산(有産) 계급은 불안을 느껴 무력으로써 의회를 해산시키고, 크롬웰을 호국경(護國卿)으로 삼아 권력을 위임하였다. 이것이 호국적 정치의 시초이며, 이것을 규정한 헌법이 통치장전(統治章典)이다. 통치장전은 영국사상 유일한 성문(成文) 헌법이라고 한다. 이 장전은 국민에 대한 최고 통치권의 행사와 정부의 행정권을 호국경에게 위임할 것을 규정했다. 호민관을 보좌하는 국무원은 호국경에 의하여 임명되는 종신관(終身官)으로 구성되고, 의회에 대하여 책임을 지지 않았다. 그러나 1654년에 열린 의회는 군대와 충돌하여 다음 해 1월 해산하자, 크롬웰은 민병제(民兵制)를 개편하고, 군정장관에 의한 군사독재를 실행하게 되었다. 그러나 유산(有産)계급은 왕정복귀를 원하여 크롬웰을 왕위에 앉히고, 군대를 의회의 재정적 지배하에 둔다고 하는 탄원(嘆願)과 청원(請願)을 제출하였다. 크롬웰의 즉위는 실현되지 않았으나, 군정장관 등의 군인가족은 의석을 얻은 대가로 매수되었다. 이 헌법이 효력을 발휘하기 전에 크롬웰은 죽고 그 아들 R. 크롬웰이 호국경이 되었으나, 그는 군대와 의회와의 대립을 누르지 못하였다. 1659년 군인 귀족들은 그를 폐위시키고 왕정복고의 길을 터놓았다. 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다. (ko) Protektorat Cromwella – system rządów w Anglii, w którym pełnię władzy sprawował Oliver Cromwell. Ten wybitny dowódca wojskowy, przywódca purytanów i zwycięzca w wojnie domowej 16 grudnia 1653 wydał wraz z Radą Oficerów akt prawny znany jako Instrument Rządzenia (The Instrument of Government), który dawał mu dyktatorską władzę i tytuł lorda protektora Anglii, Szkocji i Irlandii. Instrument Rządzenia był jedyną w dziejach państwa angielskiego i brytyjskiego spisaną konstytucją. Protektorat trwał do śmierci Cromwella 3 września 1658 roku. (pl) Il Protettorato coincide con un periodo della storia inglese compreso tra il 1653 - quando Oliver Cromwell, dopo aver assoggettato il Parlamento inglese, si fece nominare Lord Protettore - e il 1659 - quando il successore di Oliver, Richard Cromwell, abbandonò la sua carica di Lord Protettore, sicché gli Stuart, sotto Carlo II, poterono fare ritorno in Inghilterra e restaurare la monarchia. (it) Protektoratet är den vanligaste beteckningen på perioden 1653–1659 i Storbritanniens historia och den styrelseform som rådde under denna period. Namnet härrör från den titel Oliver Cromwell och senare hans son Richard Cromwell använde sig av: Lord Protector. (sv) Na história da Inglaterra, da Escócia e da Irlanda, dá-se o nome de Protectorado ou Ditadura Cromwell ou, ainda, República Puritana ao período de 1653 a 1659, quando o governo da Comunidade da Inglaterra (que incluía também a Escócia e a Irlanda) foi exercido por um Lorde Protetor. (pt) Протекторат Кромвеля — заключительный этап Английской революции, охватывающий период 1653—1660 годов. Правителем (лордом-протектором) Англии, Шотландии и Ирландии в начале этого периода был Оливер Кромвель; после его смерти (1658) в течение года правил его сын Ричард. (ru) 护国公时期（英語：The Protectorate）是指英格蘭共和國在1653年至1659年期間，由护国公奥利弗·克伦威尔所統治的時期。 1653年，當時英國的領袖克倫威爾因認為殘餘國會不支持他提出的各項改革，便解散了議會，並宣佈自己為「护国公」，靠著軍隊實行獨裁管治國家，「護國公時期」開始。 1654年4月12日，《》聲明後，蘇格蘭加入共和國。 1658年9月，克倫威爾去世，他的兒子理查德·克伦威尔繼承護國公一職，理查無法控制政府和軍隊，並於1659年5月辭職，護國公時期結束，國家陷入一片混亂。新的議會為了避免再一次內戰，便把流亡的查理二世（查理一世之子）請回。英格蘭共和国终结，英格兰王国复辟。 (zh) Протекторат Кромвеля — Англійська революція, що охоплює період з 1647 по 1660 роки. Правителем (лордом-протектором) Англії, Шотландії та Ірландії на початку цього періоду був Олівер Кромвель; після його смерті(1658) протягом року правив його син Річард. (uk) |
| dbo:capital | dbr:London |
| dbo:currency | dbr:Pound_sterling |
| dbo:governmentType | dbr:Unitary_state |
| dbo:legislature | dbr:Parliament_of_the_Protectorate |
| dbo:motto | PAX QUAERITUR BELLO |
| dbo:religion | dbr:Puritanism |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Standard_of_Oliver_Cromwell_(1653–1659).svg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/bookofknightsban00metcuoft http://flagspot.net/flags/gb-inter.html http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0840301.html https://archive.org/stream/bookofknightsban00metcuoft%23page/205/mode/1up |
| dbo:wikiPageID | 161945 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageLength | 20932 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger) |
| dbo:wikiPageRevisionID | 1118385195 (xsd:integer) |
| dbo:wikiPageWikiLink | dbr:Captaincy_General_of_Chile dbr:Caribbean dbr:Pound_sterling dbr:Pride's_Purge dbr:Scotland dbr:Scots_language dbr:Scottish_Gaelic dbr:England_and_Wales dbr:English_Council_of_State dbr:English_expedition_to_Valdivia dbr:English_overseas_possessions dbr:Barebone's_Parliament dbr:Battle_of_Worcester dbr:Battle_of_the_Dunes_(1658) dbr:Declaration_of_Breda dbr:Joshua dbr:Republic_of_Ireland dbr:Richard_Cromwell dbr:Robert_Blake_(admiral) dbr:United_Kingdom dbr:Derek_Hirst dbr:Instrument_of_Government dbr:Commonwealth_of_England dbr:Cornish_language dbr:Coronation dbr:Cromwell's_Other_House dbr:Cromwellian_conquest_of_Ireland dbc:Christian_states dbr:Rump_Parliament dbr:Edward_I_of_England dbr:English_Civil_War dbr:English_Committee_of_Safety dbr:English_language dbr:Convention_Parliament_(1660) dbr:Crypto-Judaism dbr:Thomas_Harrison_(soldier) dbr:London dbc:The_Protectorate dbc:States_and_territories_established_in_1653 dbr:House_of_Commons_of_England dbr:Parliamentary_republic dbr:Welsh_language dbr:Western_Design dbr:Westminster_Abbey dbr:Westminster_Hall dbc:1659_disestablishments_in_England dbr:Heads_of_Proposals dbr:Grandee_(New_Model_Army) dbr:Dunkirk dbr:Dutch_Republic dbr:Execution_of_Charles_I dbr:First_Anglo-Dutch_War dbc:1653_establishments_in_England dbr:British_Interregnum dbc:Former_countries_in_Ireland dbc:Interregnum_(1649–1660) dbr:John_Penruddock dbr:Republic dbr:High_Court_of_Justice_for_the_trial_of_Charles_I dbr:Ireland dbr:Irish_language dbr:Jamaica dbr:Army_Council_(1647) dbc:Former_countries_in_Europe dbr:Charles_Fleetwood dbr:Charles_II_of_England dbr:Jericho dbr:John_Lambert_(general) dbr:Coffeehouse dbr:Edict_of_Expulsion dbr:High_culture dbc:Former_republics dbr:Spanish_Empire dbr:Humble_Petition_and_Advice dbr:Knights,_baronets_and_peers_of_the_Protectorate dbr:Military_dictatorship dbr:Oliver_Cromwell dbr:Second_Protectorate_Parliament dbr:Lord_Protector dbr:Sceptre dbr:Unitary_state dbr:First_Protectorate_Parliament dbr:Resettlement_of_the_Jews_in_England dbr:Tender_of_Union dbr:King_Edward's_Chair dbr:Parliament_of_the_Protectorate dbr:George_Monck dbr:Restoration_Settlement dbr:Puritanism dbr:File:Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg dbr:File:RichardCromwell.png dbr:Wikisource:An_Act_declaring_England_to_be_a_Commonwealth dbr:File:Standard_of_Oliver_Cromwell_(1653–1659).svg |
| dbp:capital | dbr:London |
| dbp:coaSize | 120 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:commonLanguages | dbr:Scots_language dbr:Scottish_Gaelic dbr:Cornish_language dbr:English_language dbr:Welsh_language dbr:Irish_language |
| dbp:commonName | Protectorate (en) |
| dbp:conventionalLongName | Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (en) |
| dbp:currency | dbr:Pound_sterling |
| dbp:dateEnd | 0001-05-25 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:dateEvent | 1657-05-25 (xsd:date) |
| dbp:dateStart | 0001-12-16 (xsd:gMonthDay) |
| dbp:event | dbr:Humble_Petition_and_Advice |
| dbp:eventEnd | R. Cromwell's resignation (en) |
| dbp:eventStart | dbr:Instrument_of_Government |
| dbp:flagP | Flag of Scotland.svg (en) Flag of the Commonwealth .svg (en) |
| dbp:flagS | Flag of the Commonwealth .svg (en) |
| dbp:flagTypeArticle | Flags of the English Interregnum (en) |
| dbp:governmentType | Unitary parliamentary republic under a military dictatorship (en) |
| dbp:house | dbr:Cromwell's_Other_House dbr:House_of_Commons_of_England (en) |
| dbp:imageCoat | Coat of Arms of the Protectorate .svg (en) |
| dbp:imageFlag | Standard of Oliver Cromwell .svg (en) |
| dbp:imageMap | UK of Britain & Ireland in Europe.png (en) |
| dbp:imageMapCaption | Territory of Commonwealth in 1659 (en) |
| dbp:leader | dbr:Richard_Cromwell dbr:Oliver_Cromwell |
| dbp:legislature | dbr:Parliament_of_the_Protectorate |
| dbp:motto | PAX QUAERITUR BELLO (en) |
| dbp:p | Kingdom of Scotland (en) Commonwealth of England Commonwealth of England (en) |
| dbp:religion | dbr:Puritanism |
| dbp:s | Commonwealth of England Commonwealth of England (en) |
| dbp:status | dbr:Republic |
| dbp:symbol | Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom#Union of the Crowns and the Commonwealth (en) |
| dbp:symbolType | Coat of arms (en) |
| dbp:titleLeader | dbr:Lord_Protector |
| dbp:today | dbr:Republic_of_Ireland dbr:United_Kingdom |
| dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate | dbt:! dbt:Citation dbt:Cite_book dbt:Cite_journal dbt:Efn dbt:For dbt:Main dbt:More_citations_needed dbt:Reflist dbt:Sfn dbt:Short_description dbt:Small dbt:Use_dmy_dates dbt:Infobox_country dbt:History_of_England |
| dbp:yearEnd | 1659 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:yearLeader | 1653 (xsd:integer) 1658 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:yearStart | 1653 (xsd:integer) |
| dct:subject | dbc:Christian_states dbc:The_Protectorate dbc:States_and_territories_established_in_1653 dbc:1659_disestablishments_in_England dbc:1653_establishments_in_England dbc:Former_countries_in_Ireland dbc:Interregnum_(1649–1660) dbc:Former_countries_in_Europe dbc:Former_republics |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Period |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing dbo:Place dbo:Location schema:Place schema:Country wikidata:Q6256 dbo:PopulatedPlace yago:WikicatStatesAndTerritoriesEstablishedIn1653 yago:AdministrativeDistrict108491826 yago:Country108544813 yago:District108552138 yago:Location100027167 yago:Object100002684 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Region108630985 yago:YagoGeoEntity yago:YagoLegalActorGeo yago:YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity dbo:Country yago:WikicatFormerCountriesInEurope |
| rdfs:comment | En la història britànica El Protectorat és el nom amb el qual es coneix la Commonwealth d'Anglaterra, Escòcia i Irlanda sota el govern del Lord Protector. (ca) Protektorát v Británii bylo období let 1653 až 1659, kdy byla Anglie (včetně Walesu) a později i Irsko a Skotsko řízeny lordem protektorem a tento těsný svazek nesl název Společenství Anglie, Skotska a Irska (anglicky Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland). (cs) Το Προτεκτοράτο (αγγλικά: the Protectorate) ήταν η περίοδος της (ή κατά τους μοναρχιστές της ) όπου οι Αγγλία (τότε συμπεριελάμβανε την Ουαλία), Σκωτία και Ιρλανδία κυβερνήθηκαν από έναν . Εναρκτήριο έτος αποτελεί το 1653 όταν, έπειτα τη διάλυση του , ο Όλιβερ Κρόμγουελ ορίστηκε Λόρδος Προστάτης της Κοινοπολιτείας σύμφωνα με τα άρθρα του , πρώτου συντάγματος στη χώρα. (el) Angla Protektorato aŭ en angla simple Protectorate estis la periodo dum la Interregno (1649–1660) kiam Anglio (kiu tiam inkludis Kimrion), Irlando kaj Skotlando estis regitaj de Lordo-Protektanto. La Protektorato ekis en 1653 kiam, post la dissolvo de la kaj poste de la , Oliver Cromwell estis nomumita Lordo-Protektanto de la Komunumo de Anglio laŭ la terminoj de la Instrument of Government. En 1659 la Protektorata Parlamento estis dissolvita fare de la Komitato de Sekureco (Anglio) ĉar Richard Cromwell, kiu estis sukcedinta sian patron kiel Lordo-Protektanto, montriĝis kapabla kontroli nek la Parlamenton nek la Armeon. Tio markis la fino de la Protektorato kaj la komencon de dua periodo de regado fare de la Puga Parlamento kiel leĝofara povo kaj de la Ŝtata Konsilantaro kiel plenuma. (eo) El Protectorado (en inglés The Protectorate) es el nombre que se le da al período durante el cual la Mancomunidad de Inglaterra (the Commonwealth), Escocia e Irlanda, así como las posesiones inglesas de ultramar, fueron gobernadas por el Lord Protector en un sistema republicano. Se extendió desde 1653 cuando Oliver Cromwell fue investido como Lord Protector, tras la disolución del Parlamento, hasta 1659, cuando Richard Cromwell, quien había sucedido a su padre Oliver, fue incapaz de ejercer control sobre el Parlamento y el Ejército. (es) Ba í an Chosantóireacht an tréimhse le linn an (nó, do mhonarcóirí, an ) nuair a bhí Sasana agus an Bhreatain Bheag, Albain, Éire agus á rialú ag an mar phoblacht. Thosaigh an Chosantóireacht i 1653, nuair a cheadaigh díscaoileadh an agus ansin lig , a bhí ann ina dhiaidh sin, d'Oilibhéar Cromail a bheith roghnaithe mar Thiarna Cosanta an Chomhlathais faoi théarmaí na h. Sa bhliain 1659, dhíscaoil Parlaimint na Cosantóireachta toisc nach raibh Richard Cromwell, a tháinig i gcomharbacht ar a athair mar Thiarna Cosanta, in ann smacht a choinneáil ar an bParlaimint agus ar an Arm. Ba é sin deireadh na Cosantóireachta agus tús an dara tréimhse de riail na Parlaiminte Geadáine mar an reachtas agus an mar fheidhmeannas. (ga) Le Protectorate (anglais pour le « protectorat ») est un épisode de l'histoire de l'Angleterre de 1653 à 1659 durant laquelle le Commonwealth d'Angleterre, d'Écosse et d'Irlande était dirigé par un lord-protecteur. (fr) Masa Protektorat (bahasa Inggris: The Protectorate) adalah periode pada masa Persemakmuran (atau, bagi monarkis, ) saat Inggris dan Wales, Irlandia dan Skotlandia diperintah oleh seorang Lord Protector sebagai sebuah republik. Masa Protektorat dimulai pada 1653 saat, setelah pembubaran dan kemudian , Oliver Cromwell diangkat menjadi Lord Protector of the Commonwealth di bawah . Pada 1659, Parlemen Protektorat dibubarkan oleh saat Richard Cromwell, yang meneruskan ayahnya sebagai Lord Protector, tak dapat mempertahankan kontrol atas Parlemen dan Angkatan Bersenjata. (in) Protektorat Cromwella – system rządów w Anglii, w którym pełnię władzy sprawował Oliver Cromwell. Ten wybitny dowódca wojskowy, przywódca purytanów i zwycięzca w wojnie domowej 16 grudnia 1653 wydał wraz z Radą Oficerów akt prawny znany jako Instrument Rządzenia (The Instrument of Government), który dawał mu dyktatorską władzę i tytuł lorda protektora Anglii, Szkocji i Irlandii. Instrument Rządzenia był jedyną w dziejach państwa angielskiego i brytyjskiego spisaną konstytucją. Protektorat trwał do śmierci Cromwella 3 września 1658 roku. (pl) Il Protettorato coincide con un periodo della storia inglese compreso tra il 1653 - quando Oliver Cromwell, dopo aver assoggettato il Parlamento inglese, si fece nominare Lord Protettore - e il 1659 - quando il successore di Oliver, Richard Cromwell, abbandonò la sua carica di Lord Protettore, sicché gli Stuart, sotto Carlo II, poterono fare ritorno in Inghilterra e restaurare la monarchia. (it) Protektoratet är den vanligaste beteckningen på perioden 1653–1659 i Storbritanniens historia och den styrelseform som rådde under denna period. Namnet härrör från den titel Oliver Cromwell och senare hans son Richard Cromwell använde sig av: Lord Protector. (sv) Na história da Inglaterra, da Escócia e da Irlanda, dá-se o nome de Protectorado ou Ditadura Cromwell ou, ainda, República Puritana ao período de 1653 a 1659, quando o governo da Comunidade da Inglaterra (que incluía também a Escócia e a Irlanda) foi exercido por um Lorde Protetor. (pt) Протекторат Кромвеля — заключительный этап Английской революции, охватывающий период 1653—1660 годов. Правителем (лордом-протектором) Англии, Шотландии и Ирландии в начале этого периода был Оливер Кромвель; после его смерти (1658) в течение года правил его сын Ричард. (ru) 护国公时期（英語：The Protectorate）是指英格蘭共和國在1653年至1659年期間，由护国公奥利弗·克伦威尔所統治的時期。 1653年，當時英國的領袖克倫威爾因認為殘餘國會不支持他提出的各項改革，便解散了議會，並宣佈自己為「护国公」，靠著軍隊實行獨裁管治國家，「護國公時期」開始。 1654年4月12日，《》聲明後，蘇格蘭加入共和國。 1658年9月，克倫威爾去世，他的兒子理查德·克伦威尔繼承護國公一職，理查無法控制政府和軍隊，並於1659年5月辭職，護國公時期結束，國家陷入一片混亂。新的議會為了避免再一次內戰，便把流亡的查理二世（查理一世之子）請回。英格蘭共和国终结，英格兰王国复辟。 (zh) Протекторат Кромвеля — Англійська революція, що охоплює період з 1647 по 1660 роки. Правителем (лордом-протектором) Англії, Шотландії та Ірландії на початку цього періоду був Олівер Кромвель; після його смерті(1658) протягом року правив його син Річард. (uk) The Protectorate was the period of the Commonwealth (or, to monarchists, the Interregnum) during which England and Wales, Scotland, Ireland and the English overseas possessions were governed by a Lord Protector as a republic. The Protectorate began in 1653, when the dissolution of the Rump Parliament and then Barebone's Parliament allowed Oliver Cromwell to be appointed Lord Protector of the Commonwealth under the terms of the Instrument of Government. In 1659, the Protectorate Parliament was dissolved by the Committee of Safety as Richard Cromwell, who had succeeded his father as Lord Protector, was unable to keep control of the Parliament and the Army. That marked the end of the Protectorate and the start of a second period of rule by the Rump Parliament as the legislature and the Counci (en) 호국경 정치(護國卿政治)는 잉글랜드 왕국에서 벌어진 청교도 혁명 과정에서 진행되었던 정치적 양상이었다. 잔부의회(殘部議會)가 영국의 민주화에 열의를 보이지 않았기 때문에, 크롬웰이 영도하는 혁명세력은 무력으로 의회를 해산하고 추천의원으로써 의회를 구성했다. 그러한 그들의 급진적인 개혁에 유산(有産) 계급은 불안을 느껴 무력으로써 의회를 해산시키고, 크롬웰을 호국경(護國卿)으로 삼아 권력을 위임하였다. 이것이 호국적 정치의 시초이며, 이것을 규정한 헌법이 통치장전(統治章典)이다. 통치장전은 영국사상 유일한 성문(成文) 헌법이라고 한다. 이 장전은 국민에 대한 최고 통치권의 행사와 정부의 행정권을 호국경에게 위임할 것을 규정했다. 호민관을 보좌하는 국무원은 호국경에 의하여 임명되는 종신관(終身官)으로 구성되고, 의회에 대하여 책임을 지지 않았다. 이 문서에는 다음커뮤니케이션(현 카카오)에서 GFDL 또는 CC-SA 라이선스로 배포한 글로벌 세계대백과사전의 내용을 기초로 작성된 글이 포함되어 있습니다. (ko) |
| rdfs:label | The Protectorate (en) El Protectorat (ca) Británie v době protektorátu (cs) Προτεκτοράτο (Μεγάλη Βρετανία, Ιρλανδία) (el) Angla Protektorato (eo) El Protectorado (es) An Chosantóireacht (ga) Masa Protektorat (in) Protettorato (Inghilterra) (it) Protectorate (fr) 호국경 정치 (ko) Protektorat Cromwella (pl) O Protetorado (pt) Протекторат Кромвеля (ru) Protektoratet (sv) 護國公時期 (zh) Протекторат Кромвеля (uk) |
| owl:sameAs | freebase:The Protectorate yago-res:The Protectorate wikidata:The Protectorate http://azb.dbpedia.org/resource/پروتکتورا_دؤنمی dbpedia-bg:The Protectorate dbpedia-ca:The Protectorate dbpedia-cs:The Protectorate dbpedia-el:The Protectorate dbpedia-eo:The Protectorate dbpedia-es:The Protectorate dbpedia-fr:The Protectorate dbpedia-fy:The Protectorate dbpedia-ga:The Protectorate http://hy.dbpedia.org/resource/Կրոմվելի_պրոտեկտորատ dbpedia-id:The Protectorate dbpedia-it:The Protectorate dbpedia-ko:The Protectorate dbpedia-no:The Protectorate dbpedia-pl:The Protectorate dbpedia-pt:The Protectorate dbpedia-ro:The Protectorate dbpedia-ru:The Protectorate dbpedia-simple:The Protectorate dbpedia-sv:The Protectorate dbpedia-th:The Protectorate dbpedia-tr:The Protectorate dbpedia-uk:The Protectorate dbpedia-zh:The Protectorate https://global.dbpedia.org/id/toBn |
| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:The_Protectorate?oldid=1118385195&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_Scotland.svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_the_Commonwealth_(1649-1651).svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Flag_of_the_Commonwealth_(1658-1660).svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Oliver_Cromwell_by_Samuel_Cooper.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Standard_of_Oliver_Cromwell_(1653–1659).svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/UK_of_Britain_&_Ireland_in_Europe.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Coat_of_Arms_of_the_Protectorate_(1653–1659).svg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/RichardCromwell.png |
| foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf | wikipedia-en:The_Protectorate |
| foaf:name | Protectorate (en) Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (en) |
| is dbo:country of | dbr:Third_Protectorate_Parliament dbr:Robert_Blake_(admiral)__MilitaryService__1 |
| is dbo:deathPlace of | dbr:John_Lilburne |
| is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of | dbr:Commonwealth_of_England,_Scotland_and_Ireland dbr:English_Protectorate dbr:Protectorate_(English_history) dbr:Protectorate_of_England dbr:First_Protectorate dbr:Cromwell_Protectorate dbr:Cromwellian_Government dbr:Cromwellian_Protectorate dbr:Cromwellian_dictatorship dbr:Cromwellian_interregnum dbr:Cromwellian_republic dbr:Commonwealth_of_England,_Scotland,_and_Ireland dbr:Second_Protectorate |
| is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of | dbr:Cambridgeshire dbr:Behemoth_(Hobbes_book) dbr:Precursors_to_anarchism dbr:Pride's_Purge dbr:Priory_Church_of_St_Mary,_Abergavenny dbr:Protestantism dbr:Puritans dbr:Robert_Overton dbr:Roger_L'Estrange dbr:Roger_Maynwaring dbr:Royal_Berkshire_Militia dbr:Royal_Scots_Fusiliers dbr:Rule_of_the_Major-Generals dbr:Samuel_Browne_(judge) dbr:Samuel_Fisher_(died_1681) dbr:Scotland dbr:Scots_Brigade dbr:Eleutheran_Adventurers dbr:Elinor_Channel dbr:English_Baroque_architecture dbr:English_Council_of_State dbr:English_Dissenters dbr:List_of_archbishops_of_Canterbury dbr:List_of_captains_of_Deal_Castle dbr:List_of_colonial_governors_of_Virginia dbr:List_of_countries_by_date_of_transition_to_republican_system_of_government dbr:List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts dbr:List_of_coups_and_coup_attempts_by_country dbr:List_of_former_sovereign_states dbr:MPs_for_Ireland_in_the_Protectorate_Parliament dbr:Thomas_Aldham dbr:Barebone's_Parliament dbr:Battle_of_Rio_Nuevo dbr:Battle_of_Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife_(1657) dbr:Bedford_School dbr:Bill_of_Rights_1689 dbr:Bishop_of_Bath_and_Wells dbr:Bishop_of_Ely dbr:Bishop_of_Lincoln dbr:Bishop_of_London dbr:Bishop_of_Oxford dbr:Black_Ladies_Priory dbr:Bolsover dbr:Booth's_Uprising dbr:Brian_Duppa dbr:Brigg dbr:Democracy dbr:Anna_Trapnell dbr:Archibald_Campbell,_9th_Earl_of_Argyll dbr:History_of_Worcestershire dbr:History_of_bookselling dbr:History_of_the_Church_of_England dbr:Horwich dbr:Hugh_Mackay_(general) dbr:Humphrey_Bennet dbr:Humphrey_Mackworth_(Parliamentarian) dbr:John_Okey dbr:John_Paget_(Puritan_minister) dbr:John_Pickering_(soldier) dbr:John_Strode_(died_1679) dbr:John_Thurloe dbr:John_Warner_(bishop) dbr:John_Williams_(archbishop_of_York) dbr:Joseph_Bampfield dbr:Joseph_Hall_(bishop) dbr:List_of_English_monarchs dbr:List_of_regicides_of_Charles_I dbr:List_of_rulers_in_the_British_Isles dbr:Penruddock_uprising dbr:Republic_Day dbr:Republicanism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Richard_Bellingham dbr:Robert_Hooke dbr:Charles_Coote,_1st_Earl_of_Mountrath dbr:Cupar_Burghs_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Union_Jack dbr:Dean_of_York dbr:December_16 dbr:Defender_of_the_Faith dbr:Devon_Militia dbr:Dumfries_Burghs_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Dunbarton,_Argyll_and_Bute_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Dundee_Burghs_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Dynastic_union dbr:Early_modern_Britain dbr:Interregnum dbr:Interregnum_(England) dbr:Inverness_Burghs_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:James_Roberton,_Lord_Bedlay dbr:James_Wood_(university_principal) dbr:Jane_Lane_(author) dbr:Johannes_Sibertus_Kuffler dbr:List_of_governors_of_Acadia dbr:List_of_historical_acts_of_tax_resistance dbr:List_of_revolutions_and_rebellions dbr:Presidential_system dbr:Thomas_Pengelly_(merchant) dbr:Thomas_Winniffe dbr:Petition_of_the_three_colonels dbr:Timeline_of_English_history dbr:100_Greatest_Britons dbr:1653 dbr:1653_in_England dbr:1654_in_England dbr:1655_in_England dbr:1656_in_England dbr:1657_in_England dbr:1658_in_England dbr:1658_in_literature dbr:College_of_Arms dbr:Colony_of_Jamaica dbr:Commonwealth_of_England dbr:Covenanters dbr:Cromwell's_Other_House dbr:Cromwell_(film) dbr:Anarchism_in_the_United_Kingdom dbr:Matthew_Hale_(jurist) dbr:Matthew_Wren dbr:Saint_Patrick's_Saltire dbr:George_Coke dbr:George_Cony dbr:Nicholas_Lechmere_(politician,_died_1701) dbr:Old_Stock_Americans dbr:Middlesex_Militia dbr:Thomas_Wogan dbr:St_Peter's_Collegiate_Church dbr:Scottish_Prayer_Book_(1929) dbr:Scottish_religion_in_the_seventeenth_century dbr:William_Roberts_(bishop_of_Bangor) dbr:Christian_Cavendish,_Countess_of_Devonshire dbr:Clerkenwell dbr:Alexander_Popham dbr:Edward_Hopkins dbr:Edward_Rossiter dbr:Edward_Sexby dbr:Elizabeth_Claypole dbr:England dbr:English_Civil_War dbr:English_diaspora dbr:George_Legge,_1st_Baron_Dartmouth dbr:George_Monck,_1st_Duke_of_Albemarle dbr:Glencairn's_rising dbr:Godfrey_Goodman dbr:Good_Old_Cause dbr:Cornelius_Burges dbr:Cromwell_Museum dbr:Third_Anglo-Dutch_War dbr:Thomas_Foote dbr:Thomas_Harrison_(soldier) dbr:Miles_Sindercombe dbr:Anglo-Scottish_border dbr:Anglo-Spanish_War_(1654–1660) dbr:Lichfield_(UK_Parliament_constituency) dbr:London_Trained_Bands dbr:Sir_Francis_Wyndham,_1st_Baronet dbr:Sir_Thomas_Southwell,_1st_Baronet dbr:St_Mary_the_Virgin's_Church,_Aylesbury dbr:Stuart_Restoration dbr:Clement_Lanier dbr:Clergy_Act_1640 dbr:Commonwealth dbr:Commonwealth_and_Protectorate dbr:Commonwealth_of_England,_Scotland_and_Ireland dbr:Democratization dbr:Hale_Commission dbr:John_Jones_Maesygarnedd dbr:John_Michael_Wright dbr:John_Owen_(bishop_of_St_Asaph) dbr:Joshua_Childrey dbr:Pickering_baronets dbr:Robert_Phayre dbr:Stuart_period dbr:Marchamont_Nedham dbr:1st_Royal_Lancashire_Militia_(The_Duke_of_Lancaster's_Own) dbr:Banstead_Downs dbr:British_Army dbr:Timeline_of_sovereign_states_in_Europe dbr:Timeline_of_the_English_Civil_War dbr:Wallingford_House_party dbr:Walter_Cradock dbr:Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms dbr:West_Kent_Light_Infantry dbr:Westminster_Trained_Bands dbr:William_Cecil,_2nd_Earl_of_Salisbury dbr:William_Juxon dbr:William_Penn_(Royal_Navy_officer) dbr:William_Piers_(bishop) dbr:William_Sayle dbr:William_Stone_(Maryland_governor) dbr:William_Stoughton_(judge) dbr:William_Waller dbr:Winstanley_(film) dbr:Garth_Castle dbr:Glasgow_Burghs_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Hatton_Garden dbr:James_Aitken_(bishop) dbr:James_Chaloner dbr:James_Hind dbr:John_Clarke_(Roundhead) dbr:John_Desborough dbr:John_Dethick dbr:Katherine_Ferrers dbr:Lancashire_Militia dbr:Lauder_Burghs_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Le_Roy_le_veult dbr:Linlithgow,_Stirling_and_Clackmannan_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Lislebone_Long dbr:London_Militia dbr:Tudor_Crown_(heraldry) dbr:Thomas_Whitgrave dbr:Accepted_Frewen dbr:Adam_Baynes dbr:Adrian_Scrope dbr:Alexander_Stuart,_5th_Earl_of_Moray dbr:Cyrus_the_Great dbr:Dunbar_Harbour dbr:Duration_of_English_parliaments_before_1660 dbr:Earl_of_Balcarres dbr:East_Kent_Militia dbr:Eusebius_Andrews_(Royalist) dbr:Fifth_Monarchists dbr:Formation_of_the_United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Northern_Ireland dbr:Francis_Hacker dbr:Francis_Rous dbr:Francis_Willoughby,_5th_Baron_Willoughby_of_Parham dbr:Angel_of_Hadley dbr:Baron_Hazlerigg dbr:British_Interregnum dbr:British_Jews dbr:Broad_(English_gold_coin) dbr:Edmund_Dunch_(Roundhead) dbr:Edmund_Ludlow dbr:Edward_Cludd dbr:Forest_of_Dean_Coalfield dbr:Forfar_and_Kincardine_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Frances_Cromwell dbr:Glorious_Revolution_in_Scotland dbr:Gloucestershire_Militia dbr:Government_in_exile dbr:Historical_and_alternative_regions_of_England dbr:History_of_Orkney dbr:History_of_St_Neots dbr:History_of_Yorkshire dbr:History_of_animal_rights dbr:History_of_antisemitism dbr:John_Prideaux dbr:John_Swinton_(died_1723) dbr:John_Towers_(bishop) dbr:John_Upton_(died_1687) dbr:John_Wildman dbr:Judith_Catchpole dbr:Kenelm_Digby dbr:Kent_Militia dbr:Killing_No_Murder dbr:Knights_of_Buckinghamshire dbr:Privy_Council_of_Ireland dbr:The_Garden_of_Cyrus dbr:Walter_Curle dbr:List_of_Lords_Commissioners_of_the_Admiralty dbr:Philip_Darnall dbr:Sir_Gilbert_Gerard,_1st_Baronet_of_Harrow_on_the_Hill dbr:Richard_Hampden dbr:Republic dbr:Restoration_(Ireland) dbr:Restoration_in_the_English_colonies dbr:Richard_Reynell_(died_1735) dbr:Sir_Richard_Browne,_1st_Baronet,_of_London dbr:Grindlay_family dbr:HMS_Dartmouth_(1655) dbr:Ham_House dbr:Henry_Cromwell dbr:Henry_Hastings,_1st_Baron_Loughborough dbr:Henry_King_(poet) dbr:Herald:_An_Interactive_Period_Drama dbr:Hertfordshire_Militia dbr:History_of_England dbr:Attack_on_Amsterdam_(1650) dbr:Irish_Confederate_Wars dbr:Jacobite_Army_(1745) dbr:James_Calthorpe_(Roundhead) dbr:James_Compton,_3rd_Earl_of_Northampton dbr:James_Cudworth_(colonist) dbr:James_Hamilton,_1st_Earl_of_Clanbrassil_(first_creation) dbr:James_Ussher dbr:The_Fronde dbr:Humphrey_Edwards dbr:Humphrey_Mackworth_(born_1631) dbr:Jeremiah_White_(chaplain) dbr:Self-governing_colony dbr:Samuel_Chidley dbr:Staffordshire_Militia dbr:Archbishop_of_York dbr:Army_Council_(1647) dbr:Arthur_Annesley,_1st_Earl_of_Anglesey dbr:Aubrey_de_Vere,_20th_Earl_of_Oxford dbr:Aberdeen_Burghs_(Commonwealth_Parliament_constituency) dbr:Act_of_Classes dbr:Channel_Islands_in_the_Wars_of_the_Three_Kingdoms dbr:Charles_I_of_England dbr:Charles_Stewart,_3rd_Duke_of_Richmond |
| is dbp:deathPlace of | dbr:John_Lilburne |
| is dbp:monarch of | dbr:Richard_Bellingham |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Richard_Cromwell dbr:Oliver_Cromwell |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:The_Protectorate |
