Figure 2f: The path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in giraffes. The laryngeal nerve is compensated for by subsequent tinkering from natural selection. (en)
Figure 2g: Route of the vas deferens from the testis to the penis (en)
Figure 4c: Current distribution of Glossopteris placed on a Permian map showing the connection of the continents. . Note that the map is a rough approximation of which leaves out additional land masses such as the Eurasian and North American plates. (en)
Piercing and sucking, e.g.. female mosquito. Labrum and maxillae form tube; mandibles form piercing stylets; labrum grooved to hold other parts. (en)
Figure 3c: Skull of Cynognathus, a eucynodont, one of a grouping of therapsids that is ancestral to all modern mammals (en)
Figure 2c: Adaptation of insect mouthparts: a, antennae; c, compound eye; lb, labium; lr, labrum; md, mandibles; mx, maxillae. (en)
Figure 3a: An insect trapped in amber (en)
Figure 3b: Fossil trilobite, Kainops invius, from the early Devonian. Trilobites were hard-shelled arthropods, related to living horseshoe crabs and spiders, that first appeared in significant numbers around 540mya, dying out 250mya. (en)
Sucking: e.g. butterfly. Labrum reduced; mandibles lost; maxillae long forming sucking tube. (en)
Ticking and biting: e.g. honey bee. Labium long to lap up nectar; mandibles chew pollen and mould wax. (en)
Figure 4e: A dymaxion map of the biogeographic distribution of Camelidae species. Light blue indicates the Tertiary distribution, dark blue indicates the present-day distributions, and green indicates the introduced (feral) distributions. The yellow dot is the origin of the family Camelidae and the black arrows are the historic migration routes that explain the present day distribution. (en)
Figure 2e: The principle of homology illustrated by the adaptive radiation of the forelimb of mammals. All conform to the basic pentadactyl pattern but are modified for different usages. The third metacarpal is shaded throughout; the shoulder is crossed-hatched. (en)
Primitive state — biting and chewing: e.g. grasshopper. Strong mandibles and maxillae for manipulating food. (en)