Frederick Rossini (original) (raw)
Frederick Dominic Rossini (18 juillet 1899 - 12 octobre 1990) est un thermodynamicien américain connu pour ses travaux en thermodynamique chimique.
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| dbo:abstract | Frederick Dominic Rossini (* 18. Juli 1899 in Monongahela, Pennsylvania; † 12. Oktober 1990 in Juno Beach, Florida) war ein US-amerikanischer Chemiker, der sich mit chemischer Thermodynamik befasste. Rossini studierte an der Carnegie Mellon University mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss als Chemieingenieur 1925 und dem Master-Abschluss in Physikalischer Chemie 1926. Nach der Lektüre des Lehrbuchs über Thermodynamik von Gilbert Newton Lewis und wollte er auf diesem Gebiet arbeiten und schrieb an Lewis, der ihn an die University of California, Berkeley einlud (als Hilfslehrer, Teaching Fellow), wo er 1928 bei Merle Randall promoviert wurde. Thema der Dissertation war die Wärmekapazität starker Elektrolyte in wässriger Lösung. Ab 1928 war er am National Bureau of Standards (NBS) bei . Er führte dort kalorimetrische Messungen zu zahlreichen chemischen Prozessen durch. Insbesondere befasste er sich auch in Zusammenarbeit mit dem American Petroleum Research Institute und mit Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer in Berkeley mit thermodynamischen Eigenschaften von Kohlenwasserstoffen. Er blieb bis 1950 beim NBS und wurde dann Professor am Carnegie Institute of Technology, 1960 Professor an der University of Notre Dame und von 1971 bis zu seinem endgültigen Ruhestand 1978 an der Rice University. 1965 erhielt er die John Price Wetherill Medal des Franklin Institute und die Laetare-Medaille (die höchste Ehrung der University of Notre Dame), 1966 die William H. Nichols Medal, 1971 die Priestley-Medaille, 1972 die Redwood Medal des britischen Institute of Petroleum, 1978 die Carl-Engler-Medaille und 1976 die National Medal of Science. Er war Mitglied der National Academy of Sciences und der American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1964). Die Ehrendoktorwürde verliehen ihm neben seiner Alma Mater noch die Duquesne University, die University of Notre Dame, die Loyola University Chicago, das , die University of Portland und die Universität Lund in Schweden. (de) Frederick Dominic Rossini (July 18, 1899 – October 12, 1990) was an American thermodynamicist noted for his work in chemical thermodynamics. In 1920, at the age of twenty-one, Rossini entered Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and soon was awarded a full-time teaching scholarship. He graduated with a B.S. in chemical engineering in 1925, followed by an M.S. degree in science in physical chemistry in 1926. As a result of reading Lewis and Randall's classical 1923 textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Substances he wrote to Gilbert N. Lewis and as a result he was offered a teaching fellowship at the University of California at Berkeley. Among his teachers were Gilbert Lewis and William Giauque. Rossini's doctoral dissertation on the heat capacities of strong electrolytes in aqueous solution was supervised by Merle Randall. His Ph.D. degree was awarded in 1928, after only 21 months of graduate work, even though he continued to serve as a teaching fellow throughout this entire period. He worked at the National Bureau of Standards (Washington, DC) from 1928 to 1950. In 1932, Frederick Rossini, Edward W. Washburn, and Mikkel Frandsen authored “The Calorimetric Determination of the Intrinsic Energy of Gases as a Function of the Pressure.” This experiment resulted in the development of the Washburn Correction for bomb calorimetry, a decrease or correction of the results of a calorimetric procedure to normal states. In 1950, he published his popular textbook Chemical Thermodynamics. In that year he also moved to the Carnegie Institute of Technology (Pittsburgh), where he remained until 1960. He served as dean of the Notre Dame College of Science from 1960 to 1967. In 1973, Dr. Rossini spent the spring academic quarter at Baldwin-Wallace College, in Berea Ohio, as the first distinguished professor to occupy the Charles J. Strosacker Chair of Science. The Baldwin-Wallace College student union was named after "the late Dr. strosacker, who was vice president of The Dow Chemical Company, [and] was a B-W trustee for 17 years. The college union was named in his honor in 1963." Awards * In 1965 he became the recipient of the Laetare Medal. * In 1965 he received the John Price Wetherill Medal. * In 1966 he received the William H. Nichols Medal. * In 1971 he received the Priestley Medal. * In 1977 he received the National Medal of Science for his "contributions to basic reference knowledge in chemical thermodynamics." (en) Frederick Dominic Rossini (18 juillet 1899 - 12 octobre 1990) est un thermodynamicien américain connu pour ses travaux en thermodynamique chimique. (fr) Frederick Dominic Rossini (1899 – 12 ottobre 1990) è stato un fisico e chimico statunitense di origine italiana, noto per i suoi contributi nella termodinamica chimica. (it) Frederick Dominic Rossini (Monongahela, Pensilvânia, 18 de julho de 1899 — Juno Beach, Flórida, 12 de outubro de 1990) foi um físico estadunidense (pt) |
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| rdfs:comment | Frederick Dominic Rossini (18 juillet 1899 - 12 octobre 1990) est un thermodynamicien américain connu pour ses travaux en thermodynamique chimique. (fr) Frederick Dominic Rossini (1899 – 12 ottobre 1990) è stato un fisico e chimico statunitense di origine italiana, noto per i suoi contributi nella termodinamica chimica. (it) Frederick Dominic Rossini (Monongahela, Pensilvânia, 18 de julho de 1899 — Juno Beach, Flórida, 12 de outubro de 1990) foi um físico estadunidense (pt) Frederick Dominic Rossini (* 18. Juli 1899 in Monongahela, Pennsylvania; † 12. Oktober 1990 in Juno Beach, Florida) war ein US-amerikanischer Chemiker, der sich mit chemischer Thermodynamik befasste. Rossini studierte an der Carnegie Mellon University mit dem Bachelor-Abschluss als Chemieingenieur 1925 und dem Master-Abschluss in Physikalischer Chemie 1926. Nach der Lektüre des Lehrbuchs über Thermodynamik von Gilbert Newton Lewis und wollte er auf diesem Gebiet arbeiten und schrieb an Lewis, der ihn an die University of California, Berkeley einlud (als Hilfslehrer, Teaching Fellow), wo er 1928 bei Merle Randall promoviert wurde. Thema der Dissertation war die Wärmekapazität starker Elektrolyte in wässriger Lösung. Ab 1928 war er am National Bureau of Standards (NBS) bei . Er führte dort (de) Frederick Dominic Rossini (July 18, 1899 – October 12, 1990) was an American thermodynamicist noted for his work in chemical thermodynamics. In 1920, at the age of twenty-one, Rossini entered Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and soon was awarded a full-time teaching scholarship. He graduated with a B.S. in chemical engineering in 1925, followed by an M.S. degree in science in physical chemistry in 1926. Awards (en) |
| rdfs:label | Frederick D. Rossini (de) Frederick Rossini (fr) Frederick Rossini (en) Frederick Rossini (it) Frederick Rossini (pt) |
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