Genízaro (original) (raw)
Genízaro es la denominación dada al descendiente de los indígenas descendientes de sirvientes o encomendados de españoles, en la zona fronteriza entre Estados Unidos y México. Este término también ha sido usado para denominar a aquellos indígenas que son producto de la unión de miembros de tribus diferentes, pero que no pertenecen a ninguna en particular. El término fue bastante común en el sudoeste de los Estados Unidos, en áreas como California, Nevada, Arizona, Nuevo México y Texas; además de algunas regiones del norte México como Chihuahua.
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| dbo:abstract | Genízaros nannte man vom 18. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert im neuspanischen New Mexico und auf den angrenzenden südlichen Great Plains (Texas) Indianer verschiedener Stämme (vorwiegend Präriestämme des Südens, keine Pueblos), die kulturell von der spanischstämmigen Mehrheitsgesellschaft assimiliert worden waren und entweder als Dienstboten in spanischen Haushalten oder in eigenen Siedlungen lebten. Nach Schätzungen bestanden etwa 10 bis 30 Prozent der sesshaften Bevölkerung zur Kolonialzeit aus solchen Personen. Im Jahr 2007 wurden ihre Nachfahren, die aus Ehen zwischen Indianern, Hispanos und weißen Amerikanern hervorgegangen sind (siehe auch: Mestizen), und sich heute als eigenständige Ethnie verstehen, von der Regierung New Mexicos unter dem Namen Genízaros als indigene Gruppe anerkannt. (de) Genízaros are detribalized Native Americans who, by war or payment of ransom, were taken into Hispano and Puebloan villages as indentured servants, shepherds, general laborers, etc., in Santa Fe de Nuevo México in New Spain, which is modern New Mexico, southern Colorado, and other parts of the Southwestern United States. New Spain had a prohibition of indigenous slavery implemented from 1543 onwards, but it excluded those captured in the context of war. The restrictions of slavery also meant that genízaros were to be convicted and sentenced to servitude for a specific timespan, at which time they earned freedom. They were even encouraged to become landowners themselves by Spanish government landgrants, or to join the regional militia. After abolition of slavery was proposed in 1810 during Mexican independence, the practice of slavery began to become unpopular in the Spanish Empire, even more so after abolition was included officially by José María Morelos in the Sentimientos de la Nación of 1813. This became law after Solemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America of First Mexican Republic and during the era of the centralist Republic. Genízaros joined other citizen-soldiers of New Mexico during the Chimayó Rebellion of 1837, to fight for New Mexico's separation from the centralist Republic of Mexico, in fact the commander of the rebellion José Gonzales was a genízaro. Genízaros settled in several New Mexican villages, such as Belén, Tomé, Valencia, Carnuel, Los Lentes, Las Trampas, Socorro, and San Miguel del Vado. Genízaros also lived in Albuquerque, Bernalillo, Atrisco, Santa Fe, Chimayó, Taos, Abiquiú, and Las Vegas, NM. Most genízaros were, or their ancestors had been, slaves of Indian tribes, particularly the Plains tribes who raided and enslaved members of tribes allied with the Spaniards, such as the Apaches. By the end of the 18th century, genízaros were estimated to comprise about one third of the entire population of New Mexico which in 1793 was 29,041. In 2007, genízaros and their contemporary descendants were recognized as indigenous people by the New Mexico Legislature. During the early 21st century, they have comprised much of the population of the South Valley of Albuquerque, and significant portions of the population of northern New Mexico, including Española, Taos, Santa Fe, Las Vegas, in addition to that of southern Colorado. (en) Genízaro es la denominación dada al descendiente de los indígenas descendientes de sirvientes o encomendados de españoles, en la zona fronteriza entre Estados Unidos y México. Este término también ha sido usado para denominar a aquellos indígenas que son producto de la unión de miembros de tribus diferentes, pero que no pertenecen a ninguna en particular. El término fue bastante común en el sudoeste de los Estados Unidos, en áreas como California, Nevada, Arizona, Nuevo México y Texas; además de algunas regiones del norte México como Chihuahua. (es) Genízaros (ordets ursprungliga betydelse är janitscharer) var prärieindianer som tillfångatagits av andra prärieindianer och mot lösen såldes till enskilda spansktalande personer eller till puebloindianska samfälligheter. (sv) |
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| rdfs:comment | Genízaro es la denominación dada al descendiente de los indígenas descendientes de sirvientes o encomendados de españoles, en la zona fronteriza entre Estados Unidos y México. Este término también ha sido usado para denominar a aquellos indígenas que son producto de la unión de miembros de tribus diferentes, pero que no pertenecen a ninguna en particular. El término fue bastante común en el sudoeste de los Estados Unidos, en áreas como California, Nevada, Arizona, Nuevo México y Texas; además de algunas regiones del norte México como Chihuahua. (es) Genízaros (ordets ursprungliga betydelse är janitscharer) var prärieindianer som tillfångatagits av andra prärieindianer och mot lösen såldes till enskilda spansktalande personer eller till puebloindianska samfälligheter. (sv) Genízaros nannte man vom 18. bis zum 19. Jahrhundert im neuspanischen New Mexico und auf den angrenzenden südlichen Great Plains (Texas) Indianer verschiedener Stämme (vorwiegend Präriestämme des Südens, keine Pueblos), die kulturell von der spanischstämmigen Mehrheitsgesellschaft assimiliert worden waren und entweder als Dienstboten in spanischen Haushalten oder in eigenen Siedlungen lebten. Nach Schätzungen bestanden etwa 10 bis 30 Prozent der sesshaften Bevölkerung zur Kolonialzeit aus solchen Personen. (de) Genízaros are detribalized Native Americans who, by war or payment of ransom, were taken into Hispano and Puebloan villages as indentured servants, shepherds, general laborers, etc., in Santa Fe de Nuevo México in New Spain, which is modern New Mexico, southern Colorado, and other parts of the Southwestern United States. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Genízaros (de) Genízaro (es) Genízaro (en) Genízaros (sv) |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Genízaro?oldid=1124271371&ns=0 |
| foaf:homepage | http://Encyclopedia.com |
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