Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures (original) (raw)
La distinció entre cultures de la vergonya i cultures de la culpa diferencia entre societats on davant un fet jutjat com a moralment incorrecte es fomenta l'aparició de la vergonya o l'aparició de la culpa en primer terme. Es tracta d'un espectre ampli en el qual es poden enquadrar totes les comunitats amb més grau d'un sentiment o de l'altre, com va estudiar Ruth Benedict a la seva obra El Crisantem i l'espasa.
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| dbo:abstract | La distinció entre cultures de la vergonya i cultures de la culpa diferencia entre societats on davant un fet jutjat com a moralment incorrecte es fomenta l'aparició de la vergonya o l'aparició de la culpa en primer terme. Es tracta d'un espectre ampli en el qual es poden enquadrar totes les comunitats amb més grau d'un sentiment o de l'altre, com va estudiar Ruth Benedict a la seva obra El Crisantem i l'espasa. (ca) Die Begriffe Schamkultur und Schuldkultur bezeichnen einander gegenübergestellte Konzepte, die Kulturen danach unterscheiden, ob diese sich eher äußerer (Scham) oder innerer (Schuld) Instanzen für den Umgang mit Fehlverhalten zur Konfliktregulierung bedienen. Die Gegenüberstellung der Schamkultur, die vornehmlich dem Nahen und Fernen Osten zugeschrieben wird, und Schuldkultur, die Teilen der westlichen Welt zugeschrieben wird, wurde von Ruth Benedict etabliert und gilt als umstritten. Durch die kulturvergleichende Studie von Ruth Benedict (1946) wurde in der Sozialforschung Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts die Unterscheidung von ‚Schuld- und Schamkulturen‘ in die wissenschaftliche Diskussion eingebracht. Benedict greift dabei auf die Vorarbeiten von Margaret Mead (1937) zurück, die vor allem eine Charakterisierung von Interaktionsformen in kulturspezifischen Sozialisations- bzw. Individuierungsprozessen annahm. Der Oxforder Altphilologe E. R. Dodds hatte im Jahre 1951 unter Berufung auf Benedicts Arbeit zwischen (antiken griechischen) Schamkulturen (engl. shame-culture) und (frühchristlichen) Schuldkulturen (engl. guilt-culture) unterschieden. (de) In cultural anthropology, the distinction between a guilt society or guilt culture, shame society or shame culture and honor–shame culture, and a fear society or culture of fear, has been used to categorize different cultures. The differences can apply to how behavior is governed with respect to government laws, business rules, or social etiquette. This classification has been applied especially to so called "apollonian" societies, sorting them according to the emotions they use to control individuals (especially children) and maintaining social order, swaying them into norm obedience and conformity. * In a guilt society, control is maintained by creating and continually reinforcing the feeling of guilt (and the expectation of punishment now or in the afterlife) for certain condemned behaviors. The guilt worldview focuses on law and punishment. A person in this type of culture may ask, "Is my behavior fair or unfair?" This type of culture also emphasizes individual conscience. * In a shame society, the means of control is the inculcation of shame and the complementary threat of ostracism. The shame–honor worldview seeks an "honor balance" and can lead to revenge dynamics. A person in this type of culture may ask, "Shall I look ashamed if I do X?" or "How will people look at me if I do Y?" Shame cultures are typically based on the concepts of pride and honor, and appearances are all what count and matter. * In a fear society, control is kept by the fear of retribution. The fear worldview focuses on physical dominance. A person in this culture may ask, "Will someone hurt me if I do this?" The terminology was popularized by Ruth Benedict in The Chrysanthemum and the Sword, who described American culture as a "guilt culture" and Japanese culture as a "shame culture". (en) Los términos cultura de la vergüenza y cultura de la culpa se refieren a conceptos antropológicos que diferencian las culturas según su uso de instancias externas (vergüenza) o internas (culpa) para tratar la mala conducta y resolver conflictos. La yuxtaposición de la cultura de la vergüenza, que se atribuye principalmente al Medio y Lejano Oriente, y la cultura de la culpa, que se atribuye a partes del mundo occidental, fue establecida por Ruth Benedict y se considera controvertida. (es) |
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| dbp:date | September 2021 (en) |
| dbp:reason | need chapter and verse (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | La distinció entre cultures de la vergonya i cultures de la culpa diferencia entre societats on davant un fet jutjat com a moralment incorrecte es fomenta l'aparició de la vergonya o l'aparició de la culpa en primer terme. Es tracta d'un espectre ampli en el qual es poden enquadrar totes les comunitats amb més grau d'un sentiment o de l'altre, com va estudiar Ruth Benedict a la seva obra El Crisantem i l'espasa. (ca) Los términos cultura de la vergüenza y cultura de la culpa se refieren a conceptos antropológicos que diferencian las culturas según su uso de instancias externas (vergüenza) o internas (culpa) para tratar la mala conducta y resolver conflictos. La yuxtaposición de la cultura de la vergüenza, que se atribuye principalmente al Medio y Lejano Oriente, y la cultura de la culpa, que se atribuye a partes del mundo occidental, fue establecida por Ruth Benedict y se considera controvertida. (es) Die Begriffe Schamkultur und Schuldkultur bezeichnen einander gegenübergestellte Konzepte, die Kulturen danach unterscheiden, ob diese sich eher äußerer (Scham) oder innerer (Schuld) Instanzen für den Umgang mit Fehlverhalten zur Konfliktregulierung bedienen. Die Gegenüberstellung der Schamkultur, die vornehmlich dem Nahen und Fernen Osten zugeschrieben wird, und Schuldkultur, die Teilen der westlichen Welt zugeschrieben wird, wurde von Ruth Benedict etabliert und gilt als umstritten. (de) In cultural anthropology, the distinction between a guilt society or guilt culture, shame society or shame culture and honor–shame culture, and a fear society or culture of fear, has been used to categorize different cultures. The differences can apply to how behavior is governed with respect to government laws, business rules, or social etiquette. This classification has been applied especially to so called "apollonian" societies, sorting them according to the emotions they use to control individuals (especially children) and maintaining social order, swaying them into norm obedience and conformity. (en) |
| rdfs:label | Cultures de la vergonya i cultures de la culpa (ca) Scham- und Schuldkultur (de) Culturas de la vergüenza y de la culpa (es) Guilt–shame–fear spectrum of cultures (en) |
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