Henry A. Byroade (original) (raw)
Henry Alfred Byroade (* 24. Juli 1913 in , Allen County, Indiana; † 31. Dezember 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland) war ein US-amerikanischer Brigadegeneral der US Army und Diplomat, der unter anderem von 1952 bis 1955 als Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs Leiter der Unterabteilung Naher Osten, Südasien und Afrika im US-Außenministerium war. Er war ferner von 1955 bis 1956 Botschafter der Vereinigten Staaten in Ägypten, zwischen 1959 und 1962 Botschafter in Afghanistan, von 1969 bis 1973 Botschafter auf den Philippinen sowie zuletzt von 1973 bis 1977 Botschafter in Pakistan.
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| dbo:abstract | Henry Alfred Byroade (* 24. Juli 1913 in , Allen County, Indiana; † 31. Dezember 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland) war ein US-amerikanischer Brigadegeneral der US Army und Diplomat, der unter anderem von 1952 bis 1955 als Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs Leiter der Unterabteilung Naher Osten, Südasien und Afrika im US-Außenministerium war. Er war ferner von 1955 bis 1956 Botschafter der Vereinigten Staaten in Ägypten, zwischen 1959 und 1962 Botschafter in Afghanistan, von 1969 bis 1973 Botschafter auf den Philippinen sowie zuletzt von 1973 bis 1977 Botschafter in Pakistan. (de) Henry Alfred Byroade, (July 24, 1913 – December 31, 1993) was an American career diplomat. Over the course of his career, he served as the U.S. ambassador to Egypt (1955–1956), South Africa (1956–1959), Afghanistan (1959–1962), Burma (1963–1968), Philippines (1969–1973), and Pakistan (1973–1977). Byroade graduated from West Point military academy in 1937 and began a career as an Army officer. His first post in army was on the Hawaiian Islands as a member of the Corps of Engineers from 1937 to 1939. The Corps sent him back in 1939 to engineering college. He got his master's degree in civil engineering from Cornell University in 1940, and was stationed at Langley Field, Virginia, helping to form the first aviation engineer regiment. In 1946, at the age of 32, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier general. In 1949 he was seconded to the U.S. Department of State, where he headed the Office of German Affairs. In 1952, he resigned from the Army and was appointed Assistant Secretary of State for Middle East, South Asia, and Africa—a post he held until 1955. In 1954, he attracted criticism from both Israel and the Arab world for the US administration's policy declaration in which he told the Israelis, "You should drop the attitude of a conqueror and the conviction that force is the only policy that your neighbors will understand" and told the Arabs, "You should accept this state of Israel as an accomplished fact". That same year, he referred to Israel's Zionist ideology and its free admission of Jews through the Law of Return as "a legitimate matter of concern both to the Arabs and to the Western countries". Byroade had been Ambassador to Egypt for more than a year when it was announced that he was being transferred. He was considered a friend of Arab causes but unable, during his Egyptian assignment, to prevent an arms deal between Czechoslovakia and Egypt, or to dissuade the Egyptian government of Gamal Abdel Nasser from expanding its campaigns against the West. Criticism of his effectiveness in Cairo in the Eisenhower Administration led to his reassignment to South Africa. Emanuel Neumann, chairman of the executive of the Zionist Organization of America urged that he be removed from Cairo, claiming he had been an apologist for the Egyptian government. He retired from the Foreign Service in 1977, and died in Bethesda, Maryland on December 31, 1993, at the age of 80. (en) Henry Alfred Byroade (24 juillet 1913 - 31 décembre 1993) fut un général de brigade américain qui occupa le poste de Secrétaire d'État assistant pour le Proche-Orient de 1952 à 1955, puis d'ambassadeur des États-Unis dans divers pays. Originaire de l'Indiana, Henry Byroade fut diplôme de West Point en 1937 et obtient le grade de Général de Brigade en 1946 à l'âge de 32 ans. De 1949 à 1952, il travailla au département d'État comme responsable du bureau des affaires allemandes. En 1952, il démissionne de l'armée et est nommé Secrétaire d'État assistant pour le Proche-Orient. Le 9 avril 1954, il fait à Dayton un discours remarqué sur le conflit israélo-arabe en renvoyant les protagonistes à leurs responsabilités. Il invite les israéliens à se considérer comme un peuple du Proche-Orient en déclarant : Envisagez votre avenir dans cette perspective plutôt que sous l'angle d'un quartier général d'un noyau de population venu du monde entier et appartenant à une confession religieuse particulière. Vous devez abandonner la conviction que la force et les pratiques de représailles meurtrières sont la seule politique que vos voisins puissent comprendre. Aux arabes, il recommande d'accepter l'État d'Israël en leur indiquant : Vous essayez délibérément de maintenir une situation délicatement suspendue entre la paix et la guerre, tout en ne désirant pour le moment ni la paix ni la guerre. Mais le seul résultat tangible de son initiative fut d'unifier les adversaires contre lui et il quitta ses fonctions le 25 janvier 1955. Ambassadeur Américain en Égypte du 24 janvier 1955 au 10 septembre 1956, il fut critiqué par l'administration Eisenhower pour n'avoir pas su prévenir une livraison d'arme de la Tchécoslovaquie à Gamal Abdel Nasser, ce qui entraîna son transfert comme ambassadeur en Afrique du Sud. Il occupa ensuite successivement le poste d'Ambassadeur des États-Unis en Afghanistan de 1959 à 1962, en Birmanie de 1963 à 1968, aux Philippines de 1969 à 1973 et au Pakistan de 1973 à 1977. (fr) Henry Alfred Byroade was een Amerikaans generaal en ambassadeur in zes verschillende landen, waaronder de Filipijnen ten tijde van president Ferdinand Marcos. Byroade, die in 1937 afstudeerde aan West Point had een voortvarende carrière in het Amerikaanse leger. Op zijn 32e werd hij de jongste Amerikaanse generaal ooit toen hij in 1946 werd benoemd tot brigadegeneraal. Van 1949 tot 1952 werd hij door het leger uitgeleend aan het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken. Hij werd daar benoemd als hoofd van het Bureau Duitse Aangelegenheden. In 1952 nam hij ontslag uit het leger en werd hij benoemd als onderminister van Buitenlandse Zaken. In die positie kreeg hij zowel van de zijde van Israël als van de Arabieren kritiek voor een verklaring in 1954, waarin hij Israël vertelde: "Jullie moeten ophouden met je gedragen als een veroveraar en de overtuiging dat geweld het enige beleid is dat jullie buren begrijpen laten varen". Tegen de Arabieren zei hij: "Jullie moeten de staat Israël accepteren als een voldongen feit". Van 1955 tot 1956 was hij ambassadeur van Egypte. Kritiek op zijn effectiviteit leidde tot een overplaatsing naar Zuid-Afrika. Daar diende hij tot 1959. Vervolgens was hij ambassadeur in achtereenvolgens Afghanistan, Birma, de Filipijnen en Pakistan. In 1977 ging hij met pensioen Byroade overleed op 80-jarige leeftijd aan een hartstilstand na complicaties van een operatie tegen kanker. (nl) 白鲁德（Henry A. Byroade）（1913年7月24日－1993年12月13日），美国陆军航空兵准将，美国职业外交官。1946年任驻北平的军事调处执行部美方执行处长。1952年退役后，以美国国务院“中国通”身份，历任主管近东南亚的助理国务卿，驻阿富汗、缅甸、菲律宾、巴基斯坦等中国周边4个邻国的美国大使。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Henry Alfred Byroade (* 24. Juli 1913 in , Allen County, Indiana; † 31. Dezember 1993 in Bethesda, Maryland) war ein US-amerikanischer Brigadegeneral der US Army und Diplomat, der unter anderem von 1952 bis 1955 als Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs Leiter der Unterabteilung Naher Osten, Südasien und Afrika im US-Außenministerium war. Er war ferner von 1955 bis 1956 Botschafter der Vereinigten Staaten in Ägypten, zwischen 1959 und 1962 Botschafter in Afghanistan, von 1969 bis 1973 Botschafter auf den Philippinen sowie zuletzt von 1973 bis 1977 Botschafter in Pakistan. (de) 白鲁德（Henry A. Byroade）（1913年7月24日－1993年12月13日），美国陆军航空兵准将，美国职业外交官。1946年任驻北平的军事调处执行部美方执行处长。1952年退役后，以美国国务院“中国通”身份，历任主管近东南亚的助理国务卿，驻阿富汗、缅甸、菲律宾、巴基斯坦等中国周边4个邻国的美国大使。 (zh) Henry Alfred Byroade, (July 24, 1913 – December 31, 1993) was an American career diplomat. Over the course of his career, he served as the U.S. ambassador to Egypt (1955–1956), South Africa (1956–1959), Afghanistan (1959–1962), Burma (1963–1968), Philippines (1969–1973), and Pakistan (1973–1977). He retired from the Foreign Service in 1977, and died in Bethesda, Maryland on December 31, 1993, at the age of 80. (en) Henry Alfred Byroade (24 juillet 1913 - 31 décembre 1993) fut un général de brigade américain qui occupa le poste de Secrétaire d'État assistant pour le Proche-Orient de 1952 à 1955, puis d'ambassadeur des États-Unis dans divers pays. Originaire de l'Indiana, Henry Byroade fut diplôme de West Point en 1937 et obtient le grade de Général de Brigade en 1946 à l'âge de 32 ans. De 1949 à 1952, il travailla au département d'État comme responsable du bureau des affaires allemandes. En 1952, il démissionne de l'armée et est nommé Secrétaire d'État assistant pour le Proche-Orient. (fr) Henry Alfred Byroade was een Amerikaans generaal en ambassadeur in zes verschillende landen, waaronder de Filipijnen ten tijde van president Ferdinand Marcos. Van 1955 tot 1956 was hij ambassadeur van Egypte. Kritiek op zijn effectiviteit leidde tot een overplaatsing naar Zuid-Afrika. Daar diende hij tot 1959. Vervolgens was hij ambassadeur in achtereenvolgens Afghanistan, Birma, de Filipijnen en Pakistan. In 1977 ging hij met pensioen (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Henry A. Byroade (de) Henry A. Byroade (en) Henry Alfred Byroade (fr) Henry Byroade (nl) 白鲁德 (zh) |
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