| dbo:abstract |
كان التدريب البدني موجودًا في المجتمعات البشرية عبر التاريخ. عادةً، كان يُجرى لأغراض التحضير للمنافسة الجسدية أو العرض وتحسين الصحة الجسدية والعاطفية والعقلية وإضفاء مظهر جذاب. استغرق الأمر مجموعة متنوعة من الأشكال المختلفة ولكن فُضلت التمارين الحركية السريعة على التمارين البطيئة أو الأكثر ثباتًا. على سبيل المثال، ذُكر الجري والقفز والمصارعة والجمباز ورمي الأحجار الثقيلة بصيغة متكررة في المصادر التاريخية، وجرى التأكيد على أنها أساليب تدريب فعالة للغاية. والجدير بالذكر أنها من أشكال من التمارين التي يمكن تحقيقها بسهولة لمعظم الناس إلى هذا الحد أو ذاك. يُظهر الجذع المتطور وعضلات الألوية الكبيرة لهذا الملاكم اللياقة البدنية التي كانت نتيجة قياسية لأساليب التدريب البدني. كان الرياضيون في اليونان القديمة يمارسون التدريب البدني على نطاق واسع. ومع ذلك، بعد حظر الرومان الألعاب الأولمبية الأصلية عام 394، لم تُجرى مثل هذه المسابقات الرياضية المهمة ثقافيًا مرة أخرى حتى القرن التاسع عشر. في عام 1896، أعيد تقديم الألعاب الأولمبية بعد فجوة استمرت نحو 1500 عام. في السنوات الفاصلة بينهما، أصبحت أنظمة التدريب البدني الرسمية أكثر توافقًا مع التدريب العسكري. في حين كانت هناك اختلافات في كيفية تجسيد التدريب بناءً على ما كان قيد التحضير له، وُجدت أيضًا أوجه تشابه واضحة، ويمكن رؤية أساليب التدريب والتركيز المتشابهة لتتكرر عبر التاريخ الأوروبي. (ar) Physical training has been present in human societies throughout history. Usually, it was performed for the purposes of preparing for physical competition or display, improving physical, emotional and mental health, and looking attractive. It took a variety of different forms but quick dynamic exercises were favoured over slow or more static ones. For example, running, jumping, wrestling, gymnastics and throwing heavy stones are mentioned frequently in historical sources and emphasised as being highly effective training methods. Notably, they are also forms of exercise which are readily achievable for most people to some extent or another. Physical training was widely practiced by the athletes of Ancient Greece. However, after the original Olympic Games were banned by the Romans in 394, such culturally significant athletic competitions were not held again until the 19th Century. In 1896, the Olympic Games were reintroduced after a gap of some 1500 years. In the years in between, formalised systems of physical training had become more closely aligned with military training. Whilst there were differences in how the training manifested itself based upon what it was in preparation for there were also obvious similarities, and similar training methods and focuses can be seen to recur throughout European history. (en) |
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The well developed torso and large gluteal muscles of this boxer demonstrate a physique which was a standard result of historical physical training methods. British museum, c.460 (en) A long jump from standing. The weights would be swung up and down before taking off on an upswing. (en) |
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Boxer or Apollo Side .jpg (en) Boxer or Apollo front .jpg (en) Long jump Ancient Greeece.jpg (en) A competitor in the long jump, Black-figured Tyrrhenian amphora showing athletes and a combat scene, Greek, but made for the Etruscan market, 540 BC, found near Rome, Winning at the ancient Games, British Museum .jpg (en) |
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كان التدريب البدني موجودًا في المجتمعات البشرية عبر التاريخ. عادةً، كان يُجرى لأغراض التحضير للمنافسة الجسدية أو العرض وتحسين الصحة الجسدية والعاطفية والعقلية وإضفاء مظهر جذاب. استغرق الأمر مجموعة متنوعة من الأشكال المختلفة ولكن فُضلت التمارين الحركية السريعة على التمارين البطيئة أو الأكثر ثباتًا. على سبيل المثال، ذُكر الجري والقفز والمصارعة والجمباز ورمي الأحجار الثقيلة بصيغة متكررة في المصادر التاريخية، وجرى التأكيد على أنها أساليب تدريب فعالة للغاية. والجدير بالذكر أنها من أشكال من التمارين التي يمكن تحقيقها بسهولة لمعظم الناس إلى هذا الحد أو ذاك. (ar) Physical training has been present in human societies throughout history. Usually, it was performed for the purposes of preparing for physical competition or display, improving physical, emotional and mental health, and looking attractive. It took a variety of different forms but quick dynamic exercises were favoured over slow or more static ones. For example, running, jumping, wrestling, gymnastics and throwing heavy stones are mentioned frequently in historical sources and emphasised as being highly effective training methods. Notably, they are also forms of exercise which are readily achievable for most people to some extent or another. (en) |
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تاريخ التدريب البدني واللياقة البدنية (ar) History of physical training and fitness (en) |
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