Howick house (original) (raw)
Die mesolithische Steinzeithütte von Howick an der Nordsee in Northumberland in England wurde entdeckt, als Amateur-Archäologen große Mengen von Feuerstein-Artefakten an einer Klippe der Howick burn gemeldet hatten.
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| dbo:abstract | Die mesolithische Steinzeithütte von Howick an der Nordsee in Northumberland in England wurde entdeckt, als Amateur-Archäologen große Mengen von Feuerstein-Artefakten an einer Klippe der Howick burn gemeldet hatten. Archäologen der Universität von Newcastle-upon-Tyne fanden zwischen 2000 und 2002 die Reste einer Hütte mit Hinweisen auf drei verschiedene Bauphasen. 21 Radiokarbondaten aus den Herdstellen zeigen, dass die Hütte etwa 7800 v. Chr. erbaut und mindestens 100 Jahre genutzt wurde. Offen bleibt, ob die Nutzung permanent, semi-permanent oder saisonal erfolgte. Die kontinuierliche Stratigraphie deutet darauf hin, dass es keine erheblichen Lücken zwischen den Nutzungen gab. Die strukturellen Belege haben ergeben, dass die Hütte auf dem gleichen Gelände zweimal erneuert wurde. Sie ist der älteste Beleg für menschliche Besiedlung in Northumberland und eine von wenigen belegten Steinzeitunterkünften der Britischen Inseln. Über 18.000 Feuersteine sowie verkohlte Haselnussschalen, Tierknochen und Rötel wurden während der Ausgrabungen geborgen. Die Lage aller Funde wurde aufgezeichnet und alle Ablagerungen wurden durchsiebt. Das Ergebnis von Howick stellt eine der detailliertesten Mesolithikumausgrabungen in Europa dar. (de) The Howick house is a Mesolithic site located in Northumberland, England. It was found when an amateur archaeologist noticed flint tools eroding out of a sandy cliff face near the village of Howick. Investigations found a circle of substantial post holes with charcoal stains in their bases, a number of smaller stake holes, some angled in from outside a hollow, and inside the house a number of shallow hearths filled with charcoal, burnt nutshells and some fragments of bone. Radiocarbon dating of the charred hazelnut shells established that the building was constructed about 7600 BC and occupied for about 100 years, which led to the find being called "Britain's oldest house". This title was disputed in 2010 when the discovery of the even older 'house-structure' at Star Carr in North Yorkshire was announced. Some of the hearths only showed signs of nut roasting, and the numbers of shells suggested that food was cooked here in quantity, perhaps to preserve it for times of scarcity. Together with the very substantial construction shown by the size of post holes, this led to the view that the house was occupied permanently rather than being used on a transient or seasonal basis as expected during the Mesolithic period. Charred hazelnut shells have been found at several other sites from this period, including Cramond, but their smaller stake holes were interpreted as remains of a temporary encampment. The interpretation that this was a permanent residence for hunter-gatherers is supported by analysis that Howick is a place where natural resources would have allowed all year round occupation. Its coastal position provided animals, flint for tools, wood for construction and fuel, fish, seals, sea birds and their eggs, shellfish and a nearby source of fresh water that was available at the time of occupation. Many sites from this time are coastal, but the particular circumstances found here and the evidence of ceremonial ritual from the site at Star Carr in Yorkshire, not very far away, are interpreted as indicating that Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were capable of establishing permanent settlements. (en) Le site mésolithique de Howick House a été découvert lorsqu'un archéologue amateur a remarqué des outils de silex en état d'érosion au devant d'une falaise de sable près de village de Howick dans le Northumberland en Angleterre. À la suite de recherches ont été trouvés : un cercle d'importantes cavités de poteaux avec des taches de charbon de bois à leur base ; une certaine quantité de trous de pieux, certains orientés vers l'extérieur d'une cavité ; et à l'intérieur de la maison un certain nombre de foyers peu profonds remplis de charbon de bois, de coquilles de noix brûlées et de quelques fragments d'os. La datation au carbone 14 des coquilles de noisette carbonisées a établi que la construction (le bâtiment) a été érigée vers 7600 av. J.-C. et occupée pendant environ 100 ans, qui ont mené à qualifier la découverte de « plus vieille maison britannique ». Ce titre a été perdu en 2010 lors de l'annonce de la découverte d'une maison encore plus âgée à Star Carr dans le Yorkshire du Nord. (fr) Ховикский дом, англ. Howick house — сооружение эпохи мезолита, обнаруженное археологами-любителями в скалистой местности невдалеке от деревни Ховик (о произношении названия см. en:Howick, Northumberland) в английском графстве Нортумберленд. В результате раскопок обнаружен круг отверстий под сваи с остатками угля в основаниях, ряд меньших отверстий, а внутри дома — несколько неглубоких очагов с остатками угля, обгоревшая скорлупа жареных орехов и несколько обломков костей. Радиоуглеродная датировка определила время сооружения дома: 7600 г. до н. э. Считался старейшим домом в Британии до тех пор, пока в Стар-Карре не был обнаружен другой «рекордсмен». Дом был населён в течение примерно 100 лет. Обитатели дома были охотниками и собирателями и жили в нём круглый год. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Die mesolithische Steinzeithütte von Howick an der Nordsee in Northumberland in England wurde entdeckt, als Amateur-Archäologen große Mengen von Feuerstein-Artefakten an einer Klippe der Howick burn gemeldet hatten. (de) The Howick house is a Mesolithic site located in Northumberland, England. It was found when an amateur archaeologist noticed flint tools eroding out of a sandy cliff face near the village of Howick. Investigations found a circle of substantial post holes with charcoal stains in their bases, a number of smaller stake holes, some angled in from outside a hollow, and inside the house a number of shallow hearths filled with charcoal, burnt nutshells and some fragments of bone. Radiocarbon dating of the charred hazelnut shells established that the building was constructed about 7600 BC and occupied for about 100 years, which led to the find being called "Britain's oldest house". This title was disputed in 2010 when the discovery of the even older 'house-structure' at Star Carr in North Yorkshir (en) Le site mésolithique de Howick House a été découvert lorsqu'un archéologue amateur a remarqué des outils de silex en état d'érosion au devant d'une falaise de sable près de village de Howick dans le Northumberland en Angleterre. (fr) Ховикский дом, англ. Howick house — сооружение эпохи мезолита, обнаруженное археологами-любителями в скалистой местности невдалеке от деревни Ховик (о произношении названия см. en:Howick, Northumberland) в английском графстве Нортумберленд. В результате раскопок обнаружен круг отверстий под сваи с остатками угля в основаниях, ряд меньших отверстий, а внутри дома — несколько неглубоких очагов с остатками угля, обгоревшая скорлупа жареных орехов и несколько обломков костей. Радиоуглеродная датировка определила время сооружения дома: 7600 г. до н. э. Считался старейшим домом в Британии до тех пор, пока в Стар-Карре не был обнаружен другой «рекордсмен». (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Steinzeithütte von Howick (de) Howick House (fr) Howick house (en) Ховикский дом (ru) |
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