Indemnity Act 1717 (original) (raw)
The Indemnity Act 1717 (4 Geo. I c. 15), also referred to as the Act of Grace and Free Pardon, is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The Act was passed by both houses of parliament in July 1717, the last enactment of the session. It followed almost two years after the Jacobite rising of 1715, during and after which many Jacobites were taken prisoner. Those later convicted of treason were condemned to death, and some were executed, but by the Act most of the surviving Jacobite prisoners were freed and were permitted to settle either at home or overseas.
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| dbo:abstract | The Indemnity Act 1717 (4 Geo. I c. 15), also referred to as the Act of Grace and Free Pardon, is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The Act was passed by both houses of parliament in July 1717, the last enactment of the session. It followed almost two years after the Jacobite rising of 1715, during and after which many Jacobites were taken prisoner. Those later convicted of treason were condemned to death, and some were executed, but by the Act most of the surviving Jacobite prisoners were freed and were permitted to settle either at home or overseas. Hundreds of Jacobites were freed by the Act. The more notable included the Earl of Carnwath, Lord Nairne, and Lord Widdrington, together with seventeen gentlemen awaiting execution in the Newgate and twenty-six in Carlisle Castle. Some two hundred men captured at the Battle of Preston were released at Chester, also all remaining prisoners held in the castles of Edinburgh and Stirling. The Act did not undo the effect of any attainders, and confiscated estates worth £48,000 a year in England and £30,000 a year in Scotland; the dispossessed owners were not restored of their property. There were some specific exceptions to the general pardon granted by the Act: Matthew Prior and Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford, had been held in the Tower of London before the Rising of 1715, and Oxford's friend Lord Harcourt and his cousin Thomas Harley. All members of the Clan MacGregor were also excluded from the Act's benefits, one of the targets of this last exclusion being the famous Rob Roy MacGregor. Philip Henry Stanhope noted in the 1840s that "a modern reader is shocked to find excepted 'all and every person of the name and clan of Macgregor'". The passage of the Act was marked by the issuing of a silver medal, also struck in bronze, engraved by John Croker, chief engraver to the Royal Mint. On the obverse is the head of King George I, on the reverse is the winged figure of Clemency, who is standing, but leaning by her left elbow on a short stone pillar, surrounded by the words "CLEMENTIA AVGVSTI". In her left hand is an olive branch, while in her outstretched right hand she holds a caduceus, with which she touches the head of a fleeing snake, representing Rebellion. This image recalls the story of the caduceus of Mercury. (en) L’Indemnity Act 1717 (in italiano: "Atto di Indennità del 1717") è un atto del parlamento di Gran Bretagna (4 Geo. I) chiamato anche Act of Grace and Free Pardon ("Atto di grazia e libero perdono"). L'atto venne passato da entrambe le Camere del parlamento nel luglio 1717. Esso fece seguito a due anni di scontri seguiti all'Insurrezione giacobita del 1715, durante la quale molti giacobiti vennero fatti prigionieri. Questi vennero poi condannati per tradimento e condannati a morte, ma solo per alcuni la condanna venne effettivamente eseguita, mentre quelli sopravvissuti all'Act vennero alla fine perdonati. Centinaia di giacobiti vennero liberati tramite l'Act. I più importanti di questi furono , , e , assieme a diciassette gentiluomini che attendevano l'esecuzione alla prigione di Newgate ed altri ventisei al Castello di Carlisle. Alla Battaglia di Preston erano stati catturati 200 uomini che vennero rilasciato poi a Chester, così come tutti i prigionieri radunati nei castelli di Edimburgo e Stirling. L'Act ad ogni modo confiscò beni per 48.000 sterline in Inghilterra e 30.000 in Scozia. Vi furono delle specifiche eccezioni a questa perdonaza generale: Matthew Prior e , erano già detenuti alla Torre di Londra prima dell'insurrezione del 1715, e l'amico del conte di Oxford, e suo cugino Thomas Harley. Tutti i membri del vennero esclusi dai benefici dell'atto, tra cui spiccava il noto Rob Roy MacGregor. Philip Henry Stanhope scrisse a metà Ottocento che "...un lettore moderno potrebbe rimanere scioccato di vedere delle eccezioni proprio tra i nomi del clan dei MacGregor'". Il passaggio della legge venne segnato dall'emissione di una medaglia d'argento, coniata anche in bronzo, realizzata da , incisore capo della Royal Mint. Sul fronte si trovava la testa di Giorgio I, mentre sul retro la raffigurazione della Clemenza, stante in piedi, appoggiata ad una colonna di pietra, circondata dalle parole "CLEMENTIA AVGVSTI". Nella mano sinistra tiene un ramo d'ulivo, mentre nella destra tiene un caduceo col quale tocca la testa di un serpente imbizzarrito a rappresentare appunto la ribellione. (it) |
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| rdfs:comment | The Indemnity Act 1717 (4 Geo. I c. 15), also referred to as the Act of Grace and Free Pardon, is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The Act was passed by both houses of parliament in July 1717, the last enactment of the session. It followed almost two years after the Jacobite rising of 1715, during and after which many Jacobites were taken prisoner. Those later convicted of treason were condemned to death, and some were executed, but by the Act most of the surviving Jacobite prisoners were freed and were permitted to settle either at home or overseas. (en) L’Indemnity Act 1717 (in italiano: "Atto di Indennità del 1717") è un atto del parlamento di Gran Bretagna (4 Geo. I) chiamato anche Act of Grace and Free Pardon ("Atto di grazia e libero perdono"). L'atto venne passato da entrambe le Camere del parlamento nel luglio 1717. Esso fece seguito a due anni di scontri seguiti all'Insurrezione giacobita del 1715, durante la quale molti giacobiti vennero fatti prigionieri. Questi vennero poi condannati per tradimento e condannati a morte, ma solo per alcuni la condanna venne effettivamente eseguita, mentre quelli sopravvissuti all'Act vennero alla fine perdonati. (it) |
| rdfs:label | Indemnity Act 1717 (en) Indemnity Act 1717 (it) |
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