Indian Head gold pieces (original) (raw)
The Indian Head gold pieces or Pratt-Bigelow gold coins were two separate coin series, identical in design, struck by the United States Mint: a two-and-a-half-dollar piece, or quarter eagle, and a five-dollar coin, or half eagle. The quarter eagle was struck from 1908 to 1915 and from 1925–1929. The half eagle was struck from 1908 to 1916, and in 1929. The pieces remain the only US circulating coins with recessed designs. These coins were the last of their denominations to be struck for circulation, ending series that began in the 1790s.
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| dbo:abstract | The Indian Head gold pieces or Pratt-Bigelow gold coins were two separate coin series, identical in design, struck by the United States Mint: a two-and-a-half-dollar piece, or quarter eagle, and a five-dollar coin, or half eagle. The quarter eagle was struck from 1908 to 1915 and from 1925–1929. The half eagle was struck from 1908 to 1916, and in 1929. The pieces remain the only US circulating coins with recessed designs. These coins were the last of their denominations to be struck for circulation, ending series that began in the 1790s. President Theodore Roosevelt, from 1904, vigorously advocated new designs for United States coins, and had the Mint engage his friend, the sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens, to design five coins (the four gold pieces and the cent) that could be changed without congressional authorization. Before his death in August 1907, Saint-Gaudens completed designs for the eagle ($10 piece) and double eagle, although both required subsequent work to make them fully suitable for coining. With the eagle and double eagle released into circulation by the end of 1907, the Mint turned its attention to the half eagle and quarter eagle, originally planning to duplicate the double eagle's design. The Mint had difficulty fitting the required inscriptions on the small gold coins. President Roosevelt, in April 1908, convinced Mint Director Frank Leach that it would be a better idea to strike a design similar to that of the eagle, but below the background, to secure a high-relief effect. Such coins were designed by Boston sculptor Bela Lyon Pratt at the request of the President's friend, William Sturgis Bigelow. After some difficulty, the Mint was successful in this work, though Pratt was unhappy at modifications made by the Mint's engravers, headed by longtime Chief Engraver Charles E. Barber. The two pieces were struck until World War I caused gold to vanish from circulation, and then again in the late 1920s. Neither coin circulated much; the quarter eagle saw popularity as a Christmas present. In 1933, President Franklin Roosevelt stopped the issuance of gold in coin form, and recalled many pieces which were in private or bank hands. (en) 原住民头像金币（英語：Indian Head gold pieces）又名普拉特－毕格罗金币（英語：Pratt-Bigelow gold coins），是美国铸币局生产的两种设计上完全相同的金质硬币，其中一种面值为2.5美元，又称四分之一鹰；另一种面值5美元，又称半鹰。四分之一鹰于1908至1915年打造，之后又于1925至1929年恢复生产；半鹰则是在1908至1916年铸造，之后还曾于1929年生产。截至2014年，这两种金币仍然是所有美国流通硬币中唯一采用凹槽设计的币种。两种金币也是美国发行的最后一种5美元或2.5美元面额流通金币，两个早在18世纪90年代诞生的金币系列至此成为历史。 从1904年开始，总统西奥多·罗斯福就大力倡导重新设计美国硬币，在他的举荐下，铸币局同雕塑家取得联系，请他操刀5种无须国会授权就可以重新设计的硬币（4种金币和1种美分币）。高登斯在1907年8月去世前完成和双鹰金币的设计，只是两者都还需要部分后续工作才能付诸铸币实践。 鹰扬金币和双鹰金币于1907年末开始进入流通，铸币局接下来开始考虑半鹰和四分之一鹰，原本的打算是直接复制双鹰金币设计。但是，半鹰和四分之一鹰的尺寸比双鹰要小，铸币局当时的技术水平难以在这么小的硬币上刻上完全相同的铭文。1908年4月，铸币局局长听从罗斯福的建议，决定以鹰扬金币为基础重新设计两种金币，把背景高度压低，从而令浮雕显得更深。经总统的朋友邀请，波士顿雕塑家贝拉·里昂·普拉特成为半鹰和四分之一鹰金币的设计者。此后虽然遇到过一些困难，但铸币局一一克服，长年担任铸币局首任雕刻师一职的查尔斯·爱德华·巴伯与其他雕刻师对普拉特的设计做出多项调整，这让普拉特颇感不满。 第一次世界大战爆发后，黄金从市场流通中消失，两种金币也相继停产，直到20世纪20年代下半叶才再度投产。两种金币都没有大批量进入流通，四分之一鹰一度成为流行的圣诞礼物。1933年，总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福中止金币发行，还召回了许多原本由银行或私人保留的金币。 (zh) |
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| dbp:composition | 0.900000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:country | United States (en) |
| dbp:denomination | Indian Head half eagle (en) Indian Head quarter eagle (en) |
| dbp:diameter | 18 (xsd:integer) 21.600000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:edge | reeded (en) |
| dbp:goldTroyOz | 0.120940 (xsd:double) 0.241870 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:mass | 4.180000 (xsd:double) 8.359000 (xsd:double) |
| dbp:mintMarks | D. Located to left of arrowhead on reverse. Philadelphia Mint pieces lack mint mark. (en) D, O, S. Located to left of arrowhead on reverse. Philadelphia Mint pieces lack mint mark. (en) |
| dbp:obverseDesign | Native American male in headdress (en) Native American male in headdress. (en) |
| dbp:obverseDesignDate | 1908 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:obverseDesigner | dbr:Bela_Lyon_Pratt |
| dbp:reverseDesign | Eagle (en) Standing eagle (en) |
| dbp:reverseDesignDate | 1908 (xsd:integer) |
| dbp:reverseDesigner | Bela Lyon Pratt (en) |
| dbp:unit | United States dollars (en) |
| dbp:value | 2.500000 (xsd:double) 5 (xsd:integer) |
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| dbp:yearsOfMinting | 1908 (xsd:integer) |
| dct:subject | dbc:Native_Americans_on_coins dbc:Currencies_introduced_in_1908 dbc:Coins_of_the_United_States dbc:Eagles_on_coins |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Series |
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| rdfs:comment | The Indian Head gold pieces or Pratt-Bigelow gold coins were two separate coin series, identical in design, struck by the United States Mint: a two-and-a-half-dollar piece, or quarter eagle, and a five-dollar coin, or half eagle. The quarter eagle was struck from 1908 to 1915 and from 1925–1929. The half eagle was struck from 1908 to 1916, and in 1929. The pieces remain the only US circulating coins with recessed designs. These coins were the last of their denominations to be struck for circulation, ending series that began in the 1790s. (en) 原住民头像金币（英語：Indian Head gold pieces）又名普拉特－毕格罗金币（英語：Pratt-Bigelow gold coins），是美国铸币局生产的两种设计上完全相同的金质硬币，其中一种面值为2.5美元，又称四分之一鹰；另一种面值5美元，又称半鹰。四分之一鹰于1908至1915年打造，之后又于1925至1929年恢复生产；半鹰则是在1908至1916年铸造，之后还曾于1929年生产。截至2014年，这两种金币仍然是所有美国流通硬币中唯一采用凹槽设计的币种。两种金币也是美国发行的最后一种5美元或2.5美元面额流通金币，两个早在18世纪90年代诞生的金币系列至此成为历史。 从1904年开始，总统西奥多·罗斯福就大力倡导重新设计美国硬币，在他的举荐下，铸币局同雕塑家取得联系，请他操刀5种无须国会授权就可以重新设计的硬币（4种金币和1种美分币）。高登斯在1907年8月去世前完成和双鹰金币的设计，只是两者都还需要部分后续工作才能付诸铸币实践。 第一次世界大战爆发后，黄金从市场流通中消失，两种金币也相继停产，直到20世纪20年代下半叶才再度投产。两种金币都没有大批量进入流通，四分之一鹰一度成为流行的圣诞礼物。1933年，总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福中止金币发行，还召回了许多原本由银行或私人保留的金币。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Indian Head gold pieces (en) 印第安人头像金币 (zh) |
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| prov:wasDerivedFrom | wikipedia-en:Indian_Head_gold_pieces?oldid=1025413948&ns=0 |
| foaf:depiction | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/NNC-US-1908-G$5-Indian_Head.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/NNC-US-1908-G$2½-Indian_Head.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/NNC-US-1907-G$20-Saint_Gaudens_(Arabic).jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/NNC-US-1907-G$10-Indian_Head_(no_motto).jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/1911-D_Indian_Head_quarter_eagle_reverse_detail.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Indian_coin_group.jpg wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Pratt_plaster_models.png wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Frank_A_Leach.jpg |
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