Inverse gas chromatography (original) (raw)
Inverse gas chromatography is a physical characterization analytical technique that is used in the analysis of the surfaces of solids. Inverse gas chromatography or IGC is a highly sensitive and versatile gas phase technique developed over 40 years ago to study the surface and bulk properties of particulate and fibrous materials. In IGC the roles of the stationary (solid) and mobile (gas or vapor) phases are inverted from traditional analytical gas chromatography (GC). In GC, a standard column is used to separate and characterize several gases and/or vapors. In IGC, a single gas or vapor (probe molecule) is injected into a column packed with the solid sample under investigation. Instead of an analytical technique, IGC is considered a materials characterization technique.
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| dbo:abstract | Inverse gas chromatography is a physical characterization analytical technique that is used in the analysis of the surfaces of solids. Inverse gas chromatography or IGC is a highly sensitive and versatile gas phase technique developed over 40 years ago to study the surface and bulk properties of particulate and fibrous materials. In IGC the roles of the stationary (solid) and mobile (gas or vapor) phases are inverted from traditional analytical gas chromatography (GC). In GC, a standard column is used to separate and characterize several gases and/or vapors. In IGC, a single gas or vapor (probe molecule) is injected into a column packed with the solid sample under investigation. Instead of an analytical technique, IGC is considered a materials characterization technique. During an IGC experiment a pulse or constant concentration of a known gas or vapor (probe molecule) is injected down the column at a fixed carrier gas flow rate. The retention time of the probe molecule is then measured by traditional GC detectors (i.e. flame ionization detector or thermal conductivity detector). Measuring how the retention time changes as a function of probe molecule chemistry, probe molecule size, probe molecule concentration, column temperature, or carrier gas flow rate can elucidate a wide range of physico-chemical properties of the solid under investigation. Several in depth reviews of IGC have been published previously. IGC experiments are typically carried out at infinite dilution where only small amounts of probe molecule are injected. This region is also called Henry's law region or linear region of the sorption isotherm. At infinite dilution probe-probe interactions are assumed negligible and any retention is only due to probe-solid interactions. The resulting retention volume, VRo, is given by the following equation: where j is the James–Martin pressure drop correction, m is the sample mass, F is the carrier gas flow rate at standard temperature and pressure, tR is the gross retention time for the injected probe, to is the retention time for a non-interaction probe (i.e. dead-time), and T is the absolute temperature. (en) Chromatographie Gazeuse Inverse, appelée CGI ou plus souvent IGC (Inverse Gas Chromatography) est une technique d'analyse de surface permettant d'examiner, à l'échelle moléculaire, des propriétés de surface de solides (API, poudres pharmaceutiques, excipients, pigments, noir de carbone, oxydes minéraux, fibres, etc.) et d'estimer leurs capacités d'interactions. La technique IGC est appelée à mesurer l'énergie de surface, la nanorugosité, le caractère acido-basique, l'isotherme d'adsorption, la surface spécifique, l'hétérogénéité de surface, la température de transition vitreuse, les HSP, etc. La technique IGC permet ainsi d'expliquer des phénomènes tels que l'adhésion, l'adsorption, l'agglomération, la dispersion, l'hydrophile ou l'hydrophobie. Dès 1956 Archer John Porter Martin considérait déjà que l'analyse chromatographie procurait une méthode aisée et rapide pour étudier la thermodynamique de l'interaction d'une espèce volatile avec un solvant non volatil. Il avait même remarqué que le logarithme du temps de rétention d'éléments d'une série homologue tels que les alcanes linéaires était proportionnel à la longueur de la chaine carbonée. Il créait ainsi une nouvelle branche de l'analyse chromatographique : la chromatographie gazeuse inverse. Mais pourquoi est-elle qualifiée d'inverse ? Parce qu'à l'inverse de la chromatographie analytique ce n'est pas le mélange injecté qui fait l'objet de l'analyse, mais le solide introduit dans une colonne qui est alors montée dans un chromatographe analytique classique. Classiquement un chromatographe dédié à la IGC se composera donc des éléments habituels : un injecteur, une enceinte thermostatée dans laquelle est montée la colonne ou tout autre dispositif adéquat, un détecteur en général un FID, et un ordinateur comprenant une carte de conversion analogique/digital et des logiciels dédiés pour un traitement adapté du signal chromatographique. Traitement qui variera selon les protocoles d'analyse adoptés. C'est là le "cerveau" de l'IGC dont le contenu la distingue profondément de la chromatographie analytique. (fr) Odwrócona chromatografia gazowa (lub inwersyjna chromatografia gazowa, IGC, z ang. inverse gas chromatography) – technika służąca do badania właściwości powierzchniowych, np. adsorbentów, katalizatorów heterogenicznych, polimerów itp.Opiera się o technikę chromatografii gazowej.Obiektem jej badań jest wypełnienie kolumny chromatograficznej, na które dozuje się pary odpowiednio dobranego, o znanych właściwościach, czystego związku chemicznego, eluującego najczęściej w warunkach izotermicznych. Zarejestrowany chromatogram (lub odpowiedni zbiór chromatogramów) poddawany jest dalszej obróbce matematycznej, w wyniku której otrzymuje się np. parametry izotermy adsorpcji, ciepło adsorpcji czy rozkład energii powierzchniowej. (pl) |
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| dbp:alt | Analytical Gas Chromatography (en) Inverse and analytical gas chromatography (en) |
| dbp:direction | vertical (en) |
| dbp:footer | Analytical gas chromatography A compared with inverse gas chromatography B . While in gas chromatography a sample containing multiple species is separated into its components on a stationary phase, Inverse gas chromatography uses injection of a single species to probe the characteristics of a stationary phase sample. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Inverse gas chromatography is a physical characterization analytical technique that is used in the analysis of the surfaces of solids. Inverse gas chromatography or IGC is a highly sensitive and versatile gas phase technique developed over 40 years ago to study the surface and bulk properties of particulate and fibrous materials. In IGC the roles of the stationary (solid) and mobile (gas or vapor) phases are inverted from traditional analytical gas chromatography (GC). In GC, a standard column is used to separate and characterize several gases and/or vapors. In IGC, a single gas or vapor (probe molecule) is injected into a column packed with the solid sample under investigation. Instead of an analytical technique, IGC is considered a materials characterization technique. (en) Chromatographie Gazeuse Inverse, appelée CGI ou plus souvent IGC (Inverse Gas Chromatography) est une technique d'analyse de surface permettant d'examiner, à l'échelle moléculaire, des propriétés de surface de solides (API, poudres pharmaceutiques, excipients, pigments, noir de carbone, oxydes minéraux, fibres, etc.) et d'estimer leurs capacités d'interactions. La technique IGC est appelée à mesurer l'énergie de surface, la nanorugosité, le caractère acido-basique, l'isotherme d'adsorption, la surface spécifique, l'hétérogénéité de surface, la température de transition vitreuse, les HSP, etc. La technique IGC permet ainsi d'expliquer des phénomènes tels que l'adhésion, l'adsorption, l'agglomération, la dispersion, l'hydrophile ou l'hydrophobie. (fr) Odwrócona chromatografia gazowa (lub inwersyjna chromatografia gazowa, IGC, z ang. inverse gas chromatography) – technika służąca do badania właściwości powierzchniowych, np. adsorbentów, katalizatorów heterogenicznych, polimerów itp.Opiera się o technikę chromatografii gazowej.Obiektem jej badań jest wypełnienie kolumny chromatograficznej, na które dozuje się pary odpowiednio dobranego, o znanych właściwościach, czystego związku chemicznego, eluującego najczęściej w warunkach izotermicznych. (pl) |
| rdfs:label | Inverse gas chromatography (en) Chromatographie gazeuse inverse (fr) Odwrócona chromatografia gazowa (pl) |
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