Isan people (original) (raw)

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The Isan people (Thai: คนอีสาน, RTGS: Khon Isan, Thai pronunciation: [kʰōn ʔīːsǎːn]; Lao: ຄົນອີສານ; Burmese: အီသန် လူမျိုး) or literally Northeastern people are an ethno-regional group native to Northeastern Thailand with an estimated population of about 22 million. Alternative terms for this group are T(h)ai Isan, Thai-Lao, Lao Isan, or Isan Lao. Like Central Thai (Siamese) and Lao, they belong to the linguistic family of Tai peoples. In a broader sense, everyone who comes from the 20 northeastern provinces of Thailand may be called khon isan. In the narrower sense, the term refers only to the ethnic Lao who make up the majority population in most parts of the region. After the failed Lao Rebellion in 1826, the region witnessed mass forced population transfers of ethnic Lao into Isan. Following the separation of Isan from the historical Lao Kingdom, its integration into the Thai nation state and the central government's policy of "Thaification", they have developed a distinct regional identity that differs both from the Laotians of Laos and the Thais of Central Thailand. Integration of this identity into Thai national identity began around 1900, accelerated during the fascist era, was aggressively pursued during the Cold War, and is maintained today, although in 2011, Thailand officially recognized the Lao identity to the United Nations. Even during the height of the Cold War, the level of this integration was very high, as measured by expression of nationalist sentiments. Even today, the Isan people are some of the most nationalist in Thailand; they are more nationalist than the Central Thai. As such, during the height of Thailand's 'color wars' in the late 2000s and early 2010s, the mainly Isan-based Red Shirts were not calling for separatism but a return to democracy, in support of the Pheu Thai party. Almost all inhabitants of Thailand's Northeast are Thai nationals. Yet a majority of them (approximately 80%) are ethnically Lao and speak a variant of the Lao language when at home (the three main Lao dialects spoken in Northeastern Thailand are summarized as the Isan language). To avoid being subjected to derogatory stereotypes and perceptions associated with Lao-speaking people, most prefer to call themselves khon isan. (en)
Suku Isan (bahasa Thai: คน อีสาน, RTGS: Khon Isan, Pengucapan Thai: ; bahasa Laos: ຄົນ ອີ ສານ) atau suku Thai Timur Laut adalah kelompok etnis asli Thailand Timur Laut (Isan) dengan perkiraan populasi sekitar 22 juta. Istilah alternatif untuk kelompok ini adalah Thai Isan, Thai-Lao, Lao Isan, Isan Lao. Dalam arti yang lebih luas, setiap orang yang berasal dari 20 provinsi di timur laut Thailand dapat disebut sebagai khon isan. Dalam arti yang lebih sempit, istilah tersebut hanya mengacu pada penutur bahasa Laos yang merupakan populasi mayoritas di sebagian besar wilayah Isan. Menyusul terpisahnya Isan dari teritori Kerajaan Laos, pemerintah meluncurkan kebijakan thaifikasi yang membuat mereka berbeda dengan orang Lao di Laos maupun dengan orang Thai yang menghuni Thailand Tengah. Asimilasi identitas ini dimulai sekitar tahun 1900, digalakkan selama era fasis, dan dilanjutkan selama Perang Dingin, serta dipertahankan hingga mini. Bahkan pada puncak Perang Dingin, tingkat integrasi ini sangat tinggi, yang diukur dengan ekspresi sentimen nasionalis. Dan pada saat ini, orang Isan termasuk yang paling nasionalis di Thailand; dan dianggap lebih nasionalis daripada orang Thai Tengah. Hampir semua penduduk Timur Laut Thailand merupakan warga negara Thailand. Namun, sebagian besar dari mereka (sekitar 80%) adalah etnis Laos dan menuturkan dialek bahasa Laos di rumah (tiga dialek bahasa Laos yang digunakan di Timur Laut Thailand dikelompokkan lagi menjadi bahasa Isan). Untuk menghindari stereotip dan persepsi yang merendahkan kepada orang-orang yang berbahasa Laos, mereka lebih suka menyebut diri sebagai khon isan. (in)
Os Isan (em tailandês: คน อีสาน, ; LBTR: Khon Isan; pronúncia em tailandês: [Kon iːsǎːn]; em laociano: ຄົນ ອີ ສານ) ou tailandeses do nordeste são um grupo etno-regional a região homônima do nordeste da Tailândia, com uma estimativa de população de cerca de 22 milhões. Como os tailandeses e os laocianos, pertencem à família linguística dos povos Tai. Num sentido mais amplo, todos os naturais das 20 províncias do nordeste da Tailândia podem ser chamados de Khon isan. Em sentido mais restrito, o termo refere-se apenas às pessoas de origem étnica laociana que compõem a maioria da população na maior parte da região. Após a separação do Isan do Laos, a sua integração no Estado-nação tailandês e política do governo central " Taificação", eles desenvolveram uma identidade regional que difere tanto dos laocianos do Laos quanto dos Tais da área central da Tailândia. Termos alternativos para este grupo são T(h)ai Isan, Thai-Lao, Lao Isan, ou Isan Lao . Quase todos os habitantes do nordeste da Tailândia são cidadãos tailandeses. No entanto, a maioria deles (aproximadamente 80%) são etnicamente laocianos e falam uma variante da língua laociana quando estão em casa (os dialetos laocianos falados no nordeste da Tailândia estão resumidos a linguagem Isan). Pelo menos no rosto de estranhos, a maioria deles evitam a identificação como "Lao" e preferem chamar-se Khon isan. (pt)
伊森人，是分布於泰國東北部伊善地區的泰语民族，人口約2200萬。他們的語言和文化有老撾的根源，因此比暹羅泰族（小泰族）更接近老族。儘管如此，伊森人通常認為自己是泰國國民，而且由於泰化政策，他們越來越注重中央泰人的主流文化。泰國不承認伊森作為一個獨立民族，泰國的政策已經成功地淡化伊森人和老撾的親屬關係，導致了顯著的伊森身份發展。儘管如此，88％伊森人總是說伊森語。伊森人很多都遷移到曼谷工作。大概8,000人居住在老撾，其他人已經移民到馬來西亞，新加坡和幾個西方國家。 (zh)

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Predominantly 16px Theravada Buddhism (en)

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伊森人，是分布於泰國東北部伊善地區的泰语民族，人口約2200萬。他們的語言和文化有老撾的根源，因此比暹羅泰族（小泰族）更接近老族。儘管如此，伊森人通常認為自己是泰國國民，而且由於泰化政策，他們越來越注重中央泰人的主流文化。泰國不承認伊森作為一個獨立民族，泰國的政策已經成功地淡化伊森人和老撾的親屬關係，導致了顯著的伊森身份發展。儘管如此，88％伊森人總是說伊森語。伊森人很多都遷移到曼谷工作。大概8,000人居住在老撾，其他人已經移民到馬來西亞，新加坡和幾個西方國家。 (zh)
The Isan people (Thai: คนอีสาน, RTGS: Khon Isan, Thai pronunciation: [kʰōn ʔīːsǎːn]; Lao: ຄົນອີສານ; Burmese: အီသန် လူမျိုး) or literally Northeastern people are an ethno-regional group native to Northeastern Thailand with an estimated population of about 22 million. Alternative terms for this group are T(h)ai Isan, Thai-Lao, Lao Isan, or Isan Lao. Like Central Thai (Siamese) and Lao, they belong to the linguistic family of Tai peoples. (en)
Suku Isan (bahasa Thai: คน อีสาน, RTGS: Khon Isan, Pengucapan Thai: ; bahasa Laos: ຄົນ ອີ ສານ) atau suku Thai Timur Laut adalah kelompok etnis asli Thailand Timur Laut (Isan) dengan perkiraan populasi sekitar 22 juta. Istilah alternatif untuk kelompok ini adalah Thai Isan, Thai-Lao, Lao Isan, Isan Lao. (in)
Os Isan (em tailandês: คน อีสาน, ; LBTR: Khon Isan; pronúncia em tailandês: [Kon iːsǎːn]; em laociano: ຄົນ ອີ ສານ) ou tailandeses do nordeste são um grupo etno-regional a região homônima do nordeste da Tailândia, com uma estimativa de população de cerca de 22 milhões. Como os tailandeses e os laocianos, pertencem à família linguística dos povos Tai. (pt)

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Suku Isan (in)
Isan people (en)
Isan (etnia) (pt)
伊森人 (zh)

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