| dbo:abstract |
في الطائرات ثابتة الجناحين المدفوعة بواسطة محرك نفاث واحد أو أكثر، تتعلق بعض مفاهيم الأداء مثل الدفع بشكل مباشر مع التشغيل الآمن للطائرة، في حين أن مفاهيم أخرى لتشغيل المحرك مثل الضوضاء وانبعاثات المحرك تؤثر على البيئة. إن عناصر الدفع والضوضاء والانبعاث لتشغيل المحرك النفاث، لها أهمية حيوية في اقلاع الطائرة، حيث تكمن أهمية الدفع واستهلاك الوقود وتغيرهما مع الارتفاع في مرحلتي الإقلاع من مراحل عمل الطائرة. يصنف سلوك المحرك النفاث وتأثيره على كل من الطائرة والبيئة، في تخصصين مختلفين من التخصصات الهندسية. على سبيل المثال، تصنف الانبعاثات تحت مجموعة الاحتراق، ويصنف منشأ الاهتزازات المتنقلة لهيكل الطائرة تحت ديناميكا العمود الدوار. (ar) The behavior of a jet engine and its effect both on the aircraft and the environment is categorized into different engineering areas or disciplines. The understanding of how a particular fuel flow produces a definite amount of thrust at a particular point in the flight envelope is called jet engine performance, while the emissions come under a group called combustion, and the origin of vibrations transmitted to the airframe comes under an area called rotor dynamics. Performance is the subject of a specialized discipline within aero engine design and development. In fixed-wing aircraft driven by one or more jet engines, certain aspects of performance such as thrust relate directly to the safe operation of the aircraft whereas other aspects of the engine operation such as noise and engine emissions affect the environment. The thrust, noise and emission elements of the operation of a jet engine are of vital importance in the takeoff phase of operation of the aircraft. The thrust and fuel consumption elements, and their variation with altitude, are of vital importance in the climb and cruise phases of operation of the aircraft. The fundamental performance task for a single shaft turbojet is to match the operation of the compressor, turbine and propelling nozzle. For example, the way the compressor operates is determined by the flow resistances behind it, which occur in the combustor, turbine, tailpipe and propelling nozzle. Matching may be defined as designing, sizing, and manipulating the operating characteristics of the compressor, turbine and propelling nozzle. Three fundamental observations are built upon as outlined below to develop the required understanding to match the components efficiently. The flow through the compressor is the same as that through the turbine. The speeds are the same. The power produced by the turbine equals that absorbed by the compressor. In addition, the flow resistance seen by the compressor is determined by the two restrictors downstream, namely the turbine nozzle area and the propelling nozzle exit area. The above three ties between the compressor and turbine are adjusted and refined to account for the flows and powers not being equal due to, for example, compressor flow and electric and hydraulic power being diverted to the airframe. Thus the performance is understood and defined by using the practical engineering application of thermodynamics and aerodynamics. This article covers a wide scope of the discipline of jet engine performance. (en) |
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| rdfs:comment |
في الطائرات ثابتة الجناحين المدفوعة بواسطة محرك نفاث واحد أو أكثر، تتعلق بعض مفاهيم الأداء مثل الدفع بشكل مباشر مع التشغيل الآمن للطائرة، في حين أن مفاهيم أخرى لتشغيل المحرك مثل الضوضاء وانبعاثات المحرك تؤثر على البيئة. إن عناصر الدفع والضوضاء والانبعاث لتشغيل المحرك النفاث، لها أهمية حيوية في اقلاع الطائرة، حيث تكمن أهمية الدفع واستهلاك الوقود وتغيرهما مع الارتفاع في مرحلتي الإقلاع من مراحل عمل الطائرة. (ar) The behavior of a jet engine and its effect both on the aircraft and the environment is categorized into different engineering areas or disciplines. The understanding of how a particular fuel flow produces a definite amount of thrust at a particular point in the flight envelope is called jet engine performance, while the emissions come under a group called combustion, and the origin of vibrations transmitted to the airframe comes under an area called rotor dynamics. Performance is the subject of a specialized discipline within aero engine design and development. (en) |
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أداء المحرك النفاث (ar) Jet engine performance (en) |
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