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Sir John Birkenhead or Berkenhead (c.1617 – 4 December 1679) was a British political writer and journalist, imprisoned several times during the Commonwealth for his obtrusive royalism. Birkenhead was the supposed son of Randall Birkenhead (c.1580 – 1636) and Margaret Middleton (d. 1669). The parish register of Witton-cum-Twambrooks records a baptism for John Birkenhead, son of Randall, on 24 March 1615 but a note next to the entry claims it is a modern forgery. He was educated at Witton Grammar School, Northwich. He proceeded to Oxford University, and was a Fellow of All Souls' from 1639 to 1648. Birkenhead began producing England's first official news-book Mercurius Aulicus in 1643. The principal writer was Peter Heylin but Birkenhead brought satire, slanders and incisive polemics which the parliamentary party found difficult to rebuff. His loyalty to the royalist party was rewarded on the restoration of the monarchy when he was made licenser of the press and joint editor, with Henry Muddiman, of the new official news-book Mercurius Publicus. His contribution to journalism after the restoration was slight, concentrating more on a political career and being elected MP for Wilton, Wiltshire in June 1661. He was knighted the following year and was a founding member of the Royal Society. In 1664 he was sworn in as a Master of Requests, serving until his death. He is buried in an unmarked grave near the school door at St Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster. (en) John Birkenhead (24 mars 1616 – 4 décembre 1679) était un journaliste anglais monarchiste. (fr) 约翰勃肯赫德爵士（Sir John Birkenhead）或勃肯赫德（Berkenhead，约1617年－1679年12月4日）是英國政治作家和記者，在英國聯邦期間因其顯耀的保皇主義被囚禁多次。 勃肯赫德 （Birkenhead）應是藍道勃肯赫德（Randall Birkenhead）（c.1580–1636）和瑪格麗特米德爾頓的兒子（Margaret Middleton ）（卒於1669）。 1615年3月24日，威頓暨Twambrooks教區登記藍道之子－約翰勃肯赫德的受洗紀錄，但入口旁的一個註記聲稱此紀錄是一個現代的偽造文件。 他在諾斯威奇的威頓文法學校（Witton Grammar School）受教育。 他接著進入牛津大學，並在1639至1648年間為牛津大學萬靈學院的學員。 1643年，勃肯赫德（Birkenhead）開始製作英國第一個官方新聞書。該書的主要作者是彼得·海林（Peter Heylin），但Birkenhead帶諷刺，誹謗和尖銳的辯論使得議會政黨發現難以拒絕。 他對保皇黨的忠誠在英國恢復君主制時期獲得獎賞，他獲得了媒體認證並且和共同作者 Henry Muddiman一起編輯新的官方新聞書《Mercurius Publicus》。勃肯赫德對英國王政復辟後（restoration）的新聞界影響不深，他主要專注於政治生涯，並在1661年6月時當選國會議員Wilton，威爾特郡。一年後，亦即1662年，他被封為爵士，並且是英國皇家學會的創始成員。1664，他宣誓效力，一直服務到其過世。 他被埋葬在西敏地區（Westminster）的聖馬田教堂，一間學校附近未標記的墳墓。 (zh) |
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John Birkenhead (24 mars 1616 – 4 décembre 1679) était un journaliste anglais monarchiste. (fr) Sir John Birkenhead or Berkenhead (c.1617 – 4 December 1679) was a British political writer and journalist, imprisoned several times during the Commonwealth for his obtrusive royalism. Birkenhead was the supposed son of Randall Birkenhead (c.1580 – 1636) and Margaret Middleton (d. 1669). The parish register of Witton-cum-Twambrooks records a baptism for John Birkenhead, son of Randall, on 24 March 1615 but a note next to the entry claims it is a modern forgery. He is buried in an unmarked grave near the school door at St Martin-in-the-Fields, Westminster. (en) 约翰勃肯赫德爵士（Sir John Birkenhead）或勃肯赫德（Berkenhead，约1617年－1679年12月4日）是英國政治作家和記者，在英國聯邦期間因其顯耀的保皇主義被囚禁多次。 勃肯赫德 （Birkenhead）應是藍道勃肯赫德（Randall Birkenhead）（c.1580–1636）和瑪格麗特米德爾頓的兒子（Margaret Middleton ）（卒於1669）。 1615年3月24日，威頓暨Twambrooks教區登記藍道之子－約翰勃肯赫德的受洗紀錄，但入口旁的一個註記聲稱此紀錄是一個現代的偽造文件。 他在諾斯威奇的威頓文法學校（Witton Grammar School）受教育。 他接著進入牛津大學，並在1639至1648年間為牛津大學萬靈學院的學員。 1643年，勃肯赫德（Birkenhead）開始製作英國第一個官方新聞書。該書的主要作者是彼得·海林（Peter Heylin），但Birkenhead帶諷刺，誹謗和尖銳的辯論使得議會政黨發現難以拒絕。 他被埋葬在西敏地區（Westminster）的聖馬田教堂，一間學校附近未標記的墳墓。 (zh) |
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