John of Garland (original) (raw)
Johannes de Garlandia, či Jan Garlandský (latinsky též Johannes Anglicus, francouzsky Jean de Garlande, anglicky John of Garland, kolem roku 1195 v Anglii – po roce 1272) byl anglický univerzitní učitel, básník a spisovatel, jehož spisy byly velmi rozšířené v Evropu pozdního středověku.
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| dbo:abstract | Johannes de Garlandia, či Jan Garlandský (latinsky též Johannes Anglicus, francouzsky Jean de Garlande, anglicky John of Garland, kolem roku 1195 v Anglii – po roce 1272) byl anglický univerzitní učitel, básník a spisovatel, jehož spisy byly velmi rozšířené v Evropu pozdního středověku. (cs) Johannes de Garlandia (lateinisch auch Johannes Anglicus und Johannes Garlandius, französisch Jean de Garlande, englisch John of Garland; * um 1195; † nach 1272) war ein englischer Hochschullehrer, Dichter und Schriftsteller, der mit seinen Lehrschriften eine große Wirkung im spätmittelalterlichen Europa entfaltete. (de) Juan de Garlandia (c. 1195 - después de 1272), John de Garland, latinizado Johannes de Garlandia o Johannes Anglicus, galizado Jean de Garlande, también conocido en español como maestre Johan el Inglés o Juan Ánglico por su origen, fue un profesor universitario, escritor, lexicógrafo, retórico, gramático, poeta y teólogo medieval inglés, que no debe ser confundido con su contemporáneo y homónimo Juan de Garlandia (músico). Nació en Inglaterra, quizá alrededor de 1195, estudió en Oxford y marchó a la Universidad de París en 1220 como maestro. Desde 1229 hasta 1232 Johannes enseñó en la escuela superior fundada en Toulouse, regresando después a París. Sus escritos tratan temas gramaticales y retóricos y, en general, están escritas en versos hexámetros. (es) Johannes de Garlandia or John of Garland was a medieval grammarian and university teacher. His dates of birth and death are unknown, but he probably lived from about 1190 to about 1270. He was born in England, and studied at Oxford and then at the medieval University of Paris, where he was teaching by 1220. He lived and taught on the Left Bank at the Clos de Garlande, after which is named. This is the origin of the name by which he is usually known. The main facts of his life are stated in his long poem De triumphis ecclesiae ("On the triumphs of the Church"). In 1229, he was one of the first Masters of the new University of Toulouse. His poem Epithalamium Beatae Mariae Virginis was presented in 1230 to the Papal legate , one of the founders of the university. He was in Toulouse during the turbulent events of 1229–1231 (see Albigensian Crusade), which he describes in De Triumphis. After the death of bishop Foulques of Toulouse in 1231, the Cathars regained influence at Toulouse, university teachers ceased to be paid, and many considered it too dangerous to remain in the city. Johannes de Garlandia was one of those who escaped, disguising himself as a serf or slave. He returned to Paris, where Roger Bacon heard him lecture. He was still there in 1245, writing his poem De triumphis ecclesiae; he finished it in 1252. He was probably still alive in 1270. Garland's grammatical works were much used in England, and were often printed by Richard Pynson and Wynkyn de Worde. He was also a voluminous Latin poet. The best known of his poems beside the De Triumphis Ecclesiae is Epithalamium beatae Mariae Virginis, contained in the same manuscript. Among his other works are his Dictionarius, a Latin vocabulary, the title of which is the origin of the word dictionary in English and several other languages; Compendium totius grammatices printed at Deventer in 1489; and two metrical treatises, entitled Synonyma and Equivoca, frequently printed at the close of the 15th century. A treatise on alchemy, Compendium alchimiae, often printed under his name, was by a 14th-century writer named Ortolanus (Martin Ortolan, or Lortholain). The 11th century writings on computus by Garlandus have occasionally been attributed to Johannes de Garlandia. His works include many virulent passages about Jews. (en) Jean de Garlande, dit aussi Gerlandus ou Hortulanus, né vers 1190 en Angleterre, décédé après 1252, est un grammairien anglais. (fr) Giovanni di Garlandia (Johannes de Garlandia) (1180 circa – 1258 circa) è stato un poeta e grammatico inglese. (it) João de Garlandia (em latim: Johannes de Garlandia; fl. 1190–1270) foi um filologista e professor universitário do século XIII. De origem inglesa, estudou em Oxford e depois na Universidade de Paris, onde já lecionava em 1220. Nesta época, vivia na Rive Gauche ("margem esquerda") na Clos de Garlande (cujo nome sobreviveu até recentemente na Rue Garlande), a origem do nome pelo qual é geralmente conhecido. Os principais fatos que sabemos sobre a vida de João estão em seu longo poema "" ("Dos Triunfos da Igreja"). Em 1229, tornou-se um dos primeiros mestres da nova Universidade de Toulouse. Seu poema "Epithalamium Beatae Mariae Virginis" foi apresentado no ano seguinte ao legado papal , um dos fundadores. João estava na cidade durante os turbulentos eventos de 1229–1231 (veja Cruzada Albigense), que ele descreve em "De triumphis ecclesiae". Depois da morte do bispo em 1231, os cátaros reconquistaram a antiga influência sobre a cidade, os professores da universidade deixaram de ser pagos e muitos consideraram muito perigoso permanecer em Toulouse. João foi um dos que conseguiram escapar disfarçando-se de servo. De volta a Paris, Roger Bacon afirma ter assistido a uma palestra de João. Estava lá ainda em 1245, provavelmente escrevendo "De triumphis ecclesiae", que terminou em 1252. É provável que ainda estivesse vivo em 1270. As obras gramáticas de Garland foram muito utilizadas na Inglaterra, publicadas geralmente por e . Além disso, João de Garlandia foi um prolífico poeta em latim e sua obra mais conhecida (fora "De triumphis ecclesiae") é "Epithalamium beatae Mariae Virginis", que sobreviveu no mesmo manuscrito. Mas há outras, como "Dictionarius", um vocabulário latino, "Compendium totius grammatices", impressa em Deventer em 1489, e dois tratados métricos chamados "Synonyma" e "Equivoca", publicados no final do século XV. Um tratado sobre alquimia, "Compendium alchimiae", por vezes atribuído a João, é, na verdade de um escritor do século XIV chamado (Martin Ortolan ou Lortholain). As obras sobre o computus (o cálculo da data da Páscoa) de também já foram erroneamente atribuídas a João de Garlandia. (pt) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/at/john-de-garlande_1981-rubin_dictionarius.pdf https://archive.org/details/LexicographieLatineDuXIIeEtDuXIIIe https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=4HMWAAAAIAAJ https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=vrg0AQAAIAAJ&pg=PR21 |
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| dbp:authorLink | Edmund William Gosse (en) |
| dbp:first | Edmund William (en) |
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| dbp:wstitle | Garland, John (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Johannes de Garlandia, či Jan Garlandský (latinsky též Johannes Anglicus, francouzsky Jean de Garlande, anglicky John of Garland, kolem roku 1195 v Anglii – po roce 1272) byl anglický univerzitní učitel, básník a spisovatel, jehož spisy byly velmi rozšířené v Evropu pozdního středověku. (cs) Johannes de Garlandia (lateinisch auch Johannes Anglicus und Johannes Garlandius, französisch Jean de Garlande, englisch John of Garland; * um 1195; † nach 1272) war ein englischer Hochschullehrer, Dichter und Schriftsteller, der mit seinen Lehrschriften eine große Wirkung im spätmittelalterlichen Europa entfaltete. (de) Jean de Garlande, dit aussi Gerlandus ou Hortulanus, né vers 1190 en Angleterre, décédé après 1252, est un grammairien anglais. (fr) Giovanni di Garlandia (Johannes de Garlandia) (1180 circa – 1258 circa) è stato un poeta e grammatico inglese. (it) Juan de Garlandia (c. 1195 - después de 1272), John de Garland, latinizado Johannes de Garlandia o Johannes Anglicus, galizado Jean de Garlande, también conocido en español como maestre Johan el Inglés o Juan Ánglico por su origen, fue un profesor universitario, escritor, lexicógrafo, retórico, gramático, poeta y teólogo medieval inglés, que no debe ser confundido con su contemporáneo y homónimo Juan de Garlandia (músico). Sus escritos tratan temas gramaticales y retóricos y, en general, están escritas en versos hexámetros. (es) Johannes de Garlandia or John of Garland was a medieval grammarian and university teacher. His dates of birth and death are unknown, but he probably lived from about 1190 to about 1270. He was born in England, and studied at Oxford and then at the medieval University of Paris, where he was teaching by 1220. He lived and taught on the Left Bank at the Clos de Garlande, after which is named. This is the origin of the name by which he is usually known. The main facts of his life are stated in his long poem De triumphis ecclesiae ("On the triumphs of the Church"). (en) João de Garlandia (em latim: Johannes de Garlandia; fl. 1190–1270) foi um filologista e professor universitário do século XIII. De origem inglesa, estudou em Oxford e depois na Universidade de Paris, onde já lecionava em 1220. Nesta época, vivia na Rive Gauche ("margem esquerda") na Clos de Garlande (cujo nome sobreviveu até recentemente na Rue Garlande), a origem do nome pelo qual é geralmente conhecido. Os principais fatos que sabemos sobre a vida de João estão em seu longo poema "" ("Dos Triunfos da Igreja"). (pt) |
| rdfs:label | Johannes de Garlandia (cs) Johannes de Garlandia (de) Juan de Garlandia (es) Giovanni di Garlandia (it) John of Garland (en) Jean de Garlande (fr) João de Garlandia (pt) |
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