José Robles (original) (raw)
خوسيه روبلس (بالإسبانية: José Antolín Luis Robles Pazos) هو كاتب ومترجم وصحفي إسباني، ولد في 26 سبتمبر 1897 في سانتياغو دي كومبوستيلا في إسبانيا، وتوفي في 1937.
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| dbo:abstract | José Robles Pazos (Santiago de Compostel·la, 1897 - València?, 1937 o 1938) va ser un traductor i professor de castellà a la de Baltimore. Fou traductor de l'obra de John Dos Passos, de qui va ser amic personal i durant la Guerra Civil espanyola va treballar de traductor pel Ministeri de la Guerra. Bon coneixedor de l'idioma rus, va ser nomenat tinent coronel pel govern republicà i assignat com a traductor i col·laborador del general rus , un dels herois de la defensa de Madrid. El desembre del 1937, quan es trobava a València al servei de la delegació russa a l'Espanya republicana, fou detingut per suposats contactes amb la Cinquena columna. Se suposa que Robles fou torturat i assassinat pels serveis secrets russos, tot i que mai es va localitzar el seu cos. La seva desaparició va generar la indignació del seu amic Dos Passos, el qual reclamà insistentment els motius que l'havien provocat a les autoritats militars republicanes, les quals semblaven ignorar les causes que l'havien fet caure en desgràcia davant els agents de Stalin a Espanya. Finalment, el fet que Ernest Hemingway banalitzés la mort de Robles i en certa manera la justifiqués, va ser l'inici del trencament de l'amistat entre els dos novelistes nord-americans. (ca) خوسيه روبلس (بالإسبانية: José Antolín Luis Robles Pazos) هو كاتب ومترجم وصحفي إسباني، ولد في 26 سبتمبر 1897 في سانتياغو دي كومبوستيلا في إسبانيا، وتوفي في 1937. (ar) José Robles Pazos (* 1897 in Santiago de Compostela; † 1937) war ein spanischer Schriftsteller, Zeichner und Übersetzer. Robles war ein guter Freund des Autors John Dos Passos. Er lehrte in den 1920ern Spanische Literatur an der Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. 1936 hielt er sich in Spanien auf, als dort der Bürgerkrieg ausbrach. Robles schlug sich sofort auf die Seite der Republikaner. Zu Beginn des Jahres 1937 verschwand er plötzlich. Angeblich wurde er als Spion Francos erschossen. Es wird jedoch vermutet, dass er wegen seiner unabhängig linken Ansichten zum Opfer des sowjetischen Geheimdienstes NKWD wurde. Sein Tod führte zum Zerwürfnis zwischen Dos Passos und Ernest Hemingway. (de) José Robles Pazos (Santiago de Compostela, 1897–1937) was a Spanish writer, academic and independent left-wing activist. Born to an aristocratic family, Robles embraced left-wing views which forced him to leave Spain and go into exile in the United States. In the 1920s, he was teaching at Johns Hopkins University and became a friend and Spanish language translator for writer John Dos Passos, who at the time also supported the radical left. His translation of Manhattan Transfer is still considered to be exemplary. He also translated some works of Sinclair Lewis. At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War, Robles was on vacation in Spain. He supported the cause of the Spanish Republic, but his independent and outspoken views brought him in conflict with the Soviet Union's emissaries, who were gaining increasing control of the Republican government. In early 1937 Robles disappeared. The American left-wing journalist Josephine Herbst, then on a visit to the Civil War front, found out that he had been arrested and shot as an alleged "spy for Francoists", and conveyed this information to Ernest Hemingway and Dos Passos who were in Madrid. The exact circumstances of his death were never clarified, and the charge of his having spied for the Nationalists was doubted. Rather, it was suggested that he was among many other left-wingers (for example, Andrés Nin) killed by Soviet NKVD agents, led by Alexander Orlov, for their independent stance at the time. In a letter to the editor published in The New Republic in July 1939, Dos Passos wrote that it was not until he reached Madrid (after having spent a week in Valencia) that he got what he called "definite information from the then chief of the Republican counter-espionage service that Robles had been executed by a 'special section' (which I gathered was under control of the Communist Party) … Spaniards I talked to closer to the Communist Party took the attitude that Robles had been shot as an example to other officials because he had been overheard indiscreetly discussing military plans in a cafe. The 'fascist spy' theory seems to be the fabrication of romantic American Communist sympathizers. I certainly did not hear it from any Spaniards." According to research by writer Stephen Koch, the real reason Robles was killed was that he had been the translator of Yan Karlovich Berzin, a senior Soviet military envoy to Spain who knew no Spanish. When Berzin disputed with Orlov about the relative priority to be given to preserving the military efficiency of Spanish Republican forces vs. conducting NKVD purges of Spanish Anarchists, POUM etc., and lost the favor of Stalin as a result, then Robles' knowledge of behind-the-scenes Soviet maneuverings in Spain became highly inconvenient to the Soviets. Robles' execution caused a total rift between Hemingway and Dos Passos, who were previously friends. Hemingway condoned the killing, as "necessary in time of war", while Dos Passos, embittered by the death of his friend, broke away from the left altogether and started his move to the political right. Robles' last days before his disappearance are shown in a 2012 movie Hemingway & Gellhorn. (en) José Robles Pazos (Santiago de Compostela, 26 de septiembre de 1897-¿Valencia?, 1937) fue un filólogo, traductor, profesor de literatura española, pintor y político socialista español, asesinado durante la Guerra Civil Española. Tradujo, entre otros, al escritor estadounidense John Dos Passos, gran amigo personal suyo desde que se conocieran en Madrid en 1916. (es) José Robles Pazos (Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, 1897 – Valence ? 1937 ?) est un intellectuel espagnol (écrivain, illustrateur, traducteur) et militant politique de gauche, au service de la Seconde République espagnole. Les conditions de la mort de José Robles ont entraîné une rupture totale entre deux grands écrivains américains : John Dos Passos (qui était ami de Robles) et Ernest Hemingway. José Robles a inspiré à Dos Passos son roman Adventures of a Young Man (1939). (fr) |
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| rdfs:comment | خوسيه روبلس (بالإسبانية: José Antolín Luis Robles Pazos) هو كاتب ومترجم وصحفي إسباني، ولد في 26 سبتمبر 1897 في سانتياغو دي كومبوستيلا في إسبانيا، وتوفي في 1937. (ar) José Robles Pazos (* 1897 in Santiago de Compostela; † 1937) war ein spanischer Schriftsteller, Zeichner und Übersetzer. Robles war ein guter Freund des Autors John Dos Passos. Er lehrte in den 1920ern Spanische Literatur an der Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. 1936 hielt er sich in Spanien auf, als dort der Bürgerkrieg ausbrach. Robles schlug sich sofort auf die Seite der Republikaner. Zu Beginn des Jahres 1937 verschwand er plötzlich. Angeblich wurde er als Spion Francos erschossen. Es wird jedoch vermutet, dass er wegen seiner unabhängig linken Ansichten zum Opfer des sowjetischen Geheimdienstes NKWD wurde. Sein Tod führte zum Zerwürfnis zwischen Dos Passos und Ernest Hemingway. (de) José Robles Pazos (Santiago de Compostela, 26 de septiembre de 1897-¿Valencia?, 1937) fue un filólogo, traductor, profesor de literatura española, pintor y político socialista español, asesinado durante la Guerra Civil Española. Tradujo, entre otros, al escritor estadounidense John Dos Passos, gran amigo personal suyo desde que se conocieran en Madrid en 1916. (es) José Robles Pazos (Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle, 1897 – Valence ? 1937 ?) est un intellectuel espagnol (écrivain, illustrateur, traducteur) et militant politique de gauche, au service de la Seconde République espagnole. Les conditions de la mort de José Robles ont entraîné une rupture totale entre deux grands écrivains américains : John Dos Passos (qui était ami de Robles) et Ernest Hemingway. José Robles a inspiré à Dos Passos son roman Adventures of a Young Man (1939). (fr) José Robles Pazos (Santiago de Compostel·la, 1897 - València?, 1937 o 1938) va ser un traductor i professor de castellà a la de Baltimore. Fou traductor de l'obra de John Dos Passos, de qui va ser amic personal i durant la Guerra Civil espanyola va treballar de traductor pel Ministeri de la Guerra. Bon coneixedor de l'idioma rus, va ser nomenat tinent coronel pel govern republicà i assignat com a traductor i col·laborador del general rus , un dels herois de la defensa de Madrid. (ca) José Robles Pazos (Santiago de Compostela, 1897–1937) was a Spanish writer, academic and independent left-wing activist. Born to an aristocratic family, Robles embraced left-wing views which forced him to leave Spain and go into exile in the United States. In the 1920s, he was teaching at Johns Hopkins University and became a friend and Spanish language translator for writer John Dos Passos, who at the time also supported the radical left. His translation of Manhattan Transfer is still considered to be exemplary. He also translated some works of Sinclair Lewis. (en) |
| rdfs:label | José Robles (en) خوسيه روبلس (ar) José Robles Pazos (ca) José Robles (Literaturwissenschaftler) (de) José Robles Pazos (es) José Robles Pazos (fr) |
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