Judith Krug (original) (raw)
- جوديث فينجريت كروغ (بالإنجليزية: Judith Krug) (15 آذار 1940- 11 نيسان 2009) كانت أمينة مكتبة أمريكية، مؤيدة لحرية التعبير، وناقدة للرقابة. أصبحت كروغ مديرةً لمكتب الحرية الفكرية في جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية عام 1967. في عام 1969، انضمت إلى مؤسسة حرية القراءة كمديرة تنفيذية لها. شاركت كروغ في تأسيس أسبوع الكتب المحظورة عام 1982. قامت بتنسيق الجهود ضد قانون آداب الاتصالات لعام 1996، والذي كان أول محاولة من الكونغرس الأميركي لإدخال شكل من أشكال الرقابة على الكلام على شبكة الإنترنت. عارضت كروغ بشدة فكرة أن المكتبات يجب أن تفرض رقابة على المادة التي تقدمها للعملاء. دعمت القوانين والسياسات التي تحمي سرية سجلات استخدام المكتبات. عندما استخدمت وزارة العدل الأمريكية سلطة قانون PATRIOT وهو قانون توفير الأدوات اللازمة والمناسبة لاعتراض وعرقلة الإرهاب لعام 2001 لإجراء عمليات بحث لما كانت ذات يوم قواعد بيانات سرية للمكتبات، أثارت كروغ احتجاجاً جماهيرياً ضد هذا النشاط من قبل الحكومة. في عام 2003، كانت قائدة لمبادرة تحدي دستورية لقانون حماية إنترنت الأطفال. أدت جهودها إلى انتصار جزئي للناشطين المناهضين للرقابة؛ قضت المحكمة العليا بأن القانون أساسي دستوري، لكن يمكن إيقاف تشغيل برامج التصفية على أجهزة الحاسوب في المكتبات العامة إذا طلب ولي الأمر ذلك. حذرت كروغ أن التصفية المستخدمة للرقابة على المواد الإباحية على الإنترنت من الأطفال ليست مثالية وتتعرض لخطر حجب المعلومات التعليمية عن المسائل الاجتماعية والجنس والرعاية الصحية. (ar)
- Judith Fingeret Krug (March 15, 1940 – April 11, 2009) was an American librarian, freedom of speech proponent, and critic of censorship. Krug became director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom at the American Library Association in 1967. In 1969, she joined the Freedom to Read Foundation as its executive director. Krug co-founded Banned Books Week in 1982. She coordinated the effort against the Communications Decency Act of 1996, which was the first attempt by the United States Congress to introduce a form of censorship of speech on the Internet. Krug strongly opposed the notion that libraries should censor the material that they provide to patrons. She supported laws and policies protecting the confidentiality of library use records. When the United States Department of Justice used the authority of the USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 to conduct searches of what once were confidential library databases, Krug raised a public outcry against this activity by the government. In 2003, she was the leader of the initiative to challenge the constitutionality of the Children's Internet Protection Act. Her efforts led to a partial victory for anti-censorship campaigners; the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the law was constitutional, but that filtering software on computers in public libraries could be turned off if so requested by an adult guardian. Krug warned that the filters used to censor Internet pornography from children were not perfect and risked blocking educational information about social matters, sexuality, and healthcare. (en)
- 2009-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
- 1962-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
- Judith Fingeret (en)
- 1940-03-15 (xsd:date)
- Judith Fingeret Krug (en)
- 1940-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
- 2015-03-09 (xsd:date)
- 2015-01-01 (xsd:gYear)
- http://www.copacommission.org/meetings/hearing3/krug.test.pdf
- https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780838935194
- https://archive.org/details/privacyin21stcen0000unse
- https://archive.org/details/representativeam484brad
- https://archive.org/details/tofreemind00elim
- https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/ojFYx52X-Ys
- https://web.archive.org/web/20061128093816/http:/www7.nationalacademies.org/itas/Krug_testimony.html
- https://www.youtube.com/watch%3Fv=ojFYx52X-Ys
- 3057548 (xsd:integer)
- 35017 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
- 1110998759 (xsd:integer)
- dbr:San_Jose_State_University
- dbr:Open-mindedness
- dbc:American_Library_Association_people
- dbr:Pennsylvania
- dbr:United_States_Congress
- dbr:United_States_Department_of_Education
- dbr:United_States_Department_of_Justice
- dbr:University_of_Chicago
- dbr:University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana-Champaign
- dbr:University_of_Pittsburgh
- dbr:Internet
- dbr:Internet_pornography
- dbr:Librarian
- dbr:List_of_librarians
- dbc:2009_deaths
- dbc:21st-century_American_women
- dbr:Columbia,_South_Carolina
- dbr:Master_of_Arts
- dbr:Chicago_Public_Library
- dbr:Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States
- dbr:Freedom_of_speech
- dbr:Garden_Grove,_California
- dbr:Modern_Language_Association
- dbr:Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania
- dbr:Library_of_Congress
- dbr:Library_science
- dbr:Littleton,_Colorado
- dbr:Phi_Beta_Kappa_Society
- dbr:Northwestern_University_Dental_School
- dbr:Bachelor_of_Arts
- dbc:1940_births
- dbc:20th-century_American_Jews
- dbc:20th-century_American_women
- dbc:American_librarians
- dbc:American_women_academics
- dbc:American_women_librarians
- dbc:Deaths_from_cancer_in_Illinois
- dbc:Northwestern_University_faculty
- dbc:People_from_Chicago
- dbc:University_of_Chicago_alumni
- dbr:Censorship_in_the_United_States
- dbc:American_Civil_Liberties_Union_people
- dbc:American_librarianship_and_human_rights
- dbr:Topanga,_California
- dbr:Westport,_Connecticut
- dbr:Doctor_of_Humane_Letters
- dbr:John_Crerar_Library
- dbr:Sex_education
- dbr:American_Bar_Association
- dbr:American_Booksellers_Association
- dbr:American_Civil_Liberties_Union
- dbr:American_Library_Association
- dbc:21st-century_American_Jews
- dbc:People_from_Evanston,_Illinois
- dbr:Dublin,_Ohio
- dbr:Evanston,_Illinois
- dbr:First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
- dbr:Banned_Books_Week
- dbr:Caucuses_of_the_United_States_Congress
- dbr:Censorship
- dbr:Center_for_Democracy_and_Technology
- dbr:H._W._Wilson_Company
- dbr:Harry_Kalven
- dbr:Arlington_Heights,_Illinois
- dbc:20th-century_American_people
- dbc:American_activists
- dbc:Deaths_from_stomach_cancer
- dbc:Free_speech_activists
- dbc:University_of_Pittsburgh_alumni
- dbr:Chicago
- dbr:Children's_Internet_Protection_Act
- dbr:Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
- dbr:Thesis
- dbr:Pittsburgh
- dbr:Free_speech_fights
- dbr:Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States
- dbr:Freedom_of_the_press_in_the_United_States
- dbr:Freedom_to_Read_Foundation
- dbr:Delray_Beach
- dbr:Illinois
- dbr:Mildred_Dunnock
- dbr:Ohio
- dbr:September_11_attacks
- dbr:William_J._Brennan_Award
- dbr:Master_of_Library_and_Information_Science
- dbr:Stomach_cancer
- dbr:Illinois_Library_Association
- dbr:Evanston_Hospital
- dbr:PEN/Newman's_Own_First_Amendment_Award
- dbr:Thomas_Jefferson_Center_for_the_Protection_of_Free_Expression
- dbr:USA_PATRIOT_Act_of_2001
- dbr:Honorary_doctorate
- dbr:List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_people
- dbr:Legal_defense
- dbr:Communications_Decency_Act_of_1996
- dbr:Irita_Van_Doren
- dbr:File:2009_October_4_Judith_Krug_tribute_01.jpg
- dbr:William_J._Brennan_Award
- Carl Sandburg Freedom to Read Award (en)
- Joseph W. Lippincott Award (en)
- 1940-03-15 (xsd:date)
- Judith Fingeret Krug (en)
- Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States (en)
- Judith Krug (en)
- 2 (xsd:integer)
- 2006-11-28 (xsd:date)
- 0001-04-11 (xsd:gMonthDay)
- Evanston, Illinois, United States (en)
- "The Open Mind — A Bill of Rights for Libraries " (en)
- openmind_ep788 (en)
- (en)
- Co-founder of Banned Books Week (en)
- Critic of censorship (en)
- Freedom of speech proponent (en)
- Director of American Library Association Office for Intellectual Freedom (en)
- Judith F. Krug (en)
- Judith Fingeret (en)
- Shalom Memorial Park, Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States (en)
- Herbert Krug (en)
- Judith Krug's Testimony before the "National Research Council Committee to Study Tools and Strategies for Protecting Children from Pornography" on the subject of Internet filters in libraries (en)
- https://web.archive.org/web/20061128093816/http:/www7.nationalacademies.org/itas/Krug_testimony.html
- dbt:ALA(library)
- dbt:Authority_control
- dbt:Cbignore
- dbt:Cite_AV_media
- dbt:Cite_book
- dbt:Cite_journal
- dbt:Cite_thesis
- dbt:Commons_category
- dbt:Coord
- dbt:Good_article
- dbt:Infobox_person
- dbt:Internet_Archive_film_clip
- dbt:Portal_bar
- dbt:Reflist
- dbt:Short_description
- dbt:Use_American_English
- dbt:Use_mdy_dates
- dbt:Webarchive
- dbt:Wikiquote
- dbt:Birth-date
- dbt:Worldcat_id
- dbt:Death-date_and_age
- 1962 (xsd:integer)
- dbc:American_Library_Association_people
- dbc:2009_deaths
- dbc:21st-century_American_women
- dbc:1940_births
- dbc:20th-century_American_Jews
- dbc:20th-century_American_women
- dbc:American_librarians
- dbc:American_women_academics
- dbc:American_women_librarians
- dbc:Deaths_from_cancer_in_Illinois
- dbc:Northwestern_University_faculty
- dbc:People_from_Chicago
- dbc:University_of_Chicago_alumni
- dbc:American_Civil_Liberties_Union_people
- dbc:American_librarianship_and_human_rights
- dbc:21st-century_American_Jews
- dbc:People_from_Evanston,_Illinois
- dbc:20th-century_American_people
- dbc:American_activists
- dbc:Deaths_from_stomach_cancer
- dbc:Free_speech_activists
- dbc:University_of_Pittsburgh_alumni
- 42.131633 -87.998346
- owl:Thing
- foaf:Person
- dbo:Person
- dul:NaturalPerson
- wikidata:Q19088
- wikidata:Q215627
- wikidata:Q5
- wikidata:Q729
- yago:WikicatAmericanActivists
- yago:WikicatAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionPeople
- yago:WikicatAmericanLibrarians
- yago:WikicatAmericanLibraryAssociationPeople
- dbo:Animal
- dbo:Eukaryote
- dbo:Species
- schema:Person
- geo:SpatialThing
- yago:WikicatPeopleFromChicago,Illinois
- yago:WikicatPeopleFromEvanston,Illinois
- yago:Adult109605289
- yago:CausalAgent100007347
- yago:Disputant109615465
- yago:Librarian110257948
- yago:LivingThing100004258
- yago:Militant110315837
- yago:Object100002684
- yago:Organism100004475
- yago:Person100007846
- yago:PhysicalEntity100001930
- yago:Professional110480253
- yago:Reformer110515194
- yago:YagoLegalActor
- yago:YagoLegalActorGeo
- yago:Whole100003553
- yago:WikicatFreeSpeechActivists
- جوديث فينجريت كروغ (بالإنجليزية: Judith Krug) (15 آذار 1940- 11 نيسان 2009) كانت أمينة مكتبة أمريكية، مؤيدة لحرية التعبير، وناقدة للرقابة. أصبحت كروغ مديرةً لمكتب الحرية الفكرية في جمعية المكتبات الأمريكية عام 1967. في عام 1969، انضمت إلى مؤسسة حرية القراءة كمديرة تنفيذية لها. شاركت كروغ في تأسيس أسبوع الكتب المحظورة عام 1982. (ar)
- Judith Fingeret Krug (March 15, 1940 – April 11, 2009) was an American librarian, freedom of speech proponent, and critic of censorship. Krug became director of the Office for Intellectual Freedom at the American Library Association in 1967. In 1969, she joined the Freedom to Read Foundation as its executive director. Krug co-founded Banned Books Week in 1982. (en)
- جوديث كروغ (ar)
- Judith Krug (en)
- freebase:Judith Krug
- yago-res:Judith Krug
- http://viaf.org/viaf/65684322
- wikidata:Judith Krug
- dbpedia-ar:Judith Krug
- http://arz.dbpedia.org/resource/جوديث_كروج
- https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4oxiA
- POINT(-87.998344421387 42.131633758545)
- 42.131634 (xsd:float)
- -87.998344 (xsd:float)
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/2009_October_4_Judith_Krug_tribute_01.jpg
- wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Judith_Krug.jpg
- Judith F. Krug (en)
is dbo:wikiPageRedirects of
is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of
- dbr:List_of_University_of_Pittsburgh_alumni
- dbr:List_of_female_librarians
- dbr:David_Burt_(filtering_advocate)
- dbr:Deaths_in_April_2009
- dbr:List_of_librarians
- dbr:Alexander_Allain
- dbr:Louisiana_State_University
- dbr:Zoia_Horn
- dbr:American_Library_Association
- dbr:Banned_Books_Week
- dbr:University_of_Chicago_Graduate_Library_School
- dbr:Freedom_to_Read_Foundation
- dbr:Hugh_M._Hefner_First_Amendment_Award
- dbr:Judith_Fingeret_Krug
- dbr:Krug_(surname)
- dbr:Judith_F._Krug
- dbr:Judith_Fingeret
is foaf:primaryTopic of