LGBT rights in Afghanistan (original) (raw)
Lesby, gayové, bisexuálové a transsexuálové (LGBT) žijící v Afghánistánu čelí určitým právním a sociálním problémům neznámým pro ostatní spoluobčany. Homosexualita a crossdressing je v Afghánistánu považována za těžký zločin, který lze trestat i smrtí. Takový je obvyklý postup ve venkovských oblastech země, kde místní obyvatelé berou zákon do svých rukou. Od r. 2008 je známo, že zdejší režim nehodlá změnit svůj postoj k lesbám, gayům a bisexuálům v Afghánistánu.
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| dbo:abstract | Lesby, gayové, bisexuálové a transsexuálové (LGBT) žijící v Afghánistánu čelí určitým právním a sociálním problémům neznámým pro ostatní spoluobčany. Homosexualita a crossdressing je v Afghánistánu považována za těžký zločin, který lze trestat i smrtí. Takový je obvyklý postup ve venkovských oblastech země, kde místní obyvatelé berou zákon do svých rukou. Od r. 2008 je známo, že zdejší režim nehodlá změnit svůj postoj k lesbám, gayům a bisexuálům v Afghánistánu. (cs) يواجه الأشخاص من المثليين والمثليات ومزدوجي التوجه الجنسي والمتحولين جنسياً (اختصاراً: مجتمع الميم) في أفغانستان تحديات قانونية واجتماعية لا يواجهها غيرهم من المغايرين جنسيا. يعتبر النشاط الجنسي بين الرجال وبين النساء فير قانوني في أفغانستان، يواجه عقوبة الإعدام على الرغم من عدم وجود حالات معروفة من عمليات الإعدام. يواجه الأشخاص من مجتمع الميم وصمة عار بين السكان. كما أن المنازل التي يعيش فيها الشركاء المثليون غير مؤهلة للحصول على نفس الحماية القانونية المتاحة للأزواج المغايرين، مع وجود عدة تقارير تتحدث عن مستوى عالي من التمييز والانتهاكات ضد مجتمع الميم. (ar) Οι λεσβίες, ομοφυλόφιλοι, αμφιφυλόφιλοι και τρανσέξουαλ (ΛΟΑΤ) στο Αφγανιστάν αντιμετωπίζουν νομικές προκλήσεις που δεν αντιμετωπίζουν οι κάτοικοι μη ΛΟΑΤ. Τα μέλη της κοινότητας ΛΟΑΤΚ+ αναγκάζονται να κρατήσουν μυστική την ταυτότητα φύλου και τον σεξουαλικό προσανατολισμό τους, φοβούμενοι την παρενόχληση, τον εκφοβισμό, τη δίωξη και κυρίως τον θάνατο. Ο μουσουλμανικά θρησκευτικός χαρακτήρας του έθνους και η έλλειψη δημόσιας εκπαίδευσης επί του θέματος περιόρισε κάθε ευκαιρία για δημόσια συζήτηση, με οποιαδήποτε αναφορά της ομοφυλοφιλίας και των σχετικών όρων να θεωρείται ταμπού. Το Σύνταγμα του Αφγανιστάν καθιερώνει την ανάδειξη του νόμου της Σαρία ως πρόδρομο όλων των άλλων νόμων, πολιτικών και κανονισμών, επιτρέποντας θρησκευτικές ερμηνείες από το κράτος για την απαγόρευση όλων των μορφών σεξουαλικής δραστηριότητας του ιδίου φύλου. Αν και ο Ποινικός Κώδικας του 1976 αποκαταστάθηκε μετά την αμερικανική εισβολή του 2001, ο νέος Ποινικός Κώδικας της χώρας του 2017 τέθηκε σε ισχύ στις 14 Φεβρουαρίου 2018. Ο νέος Ποινικός Κώδικας περιγράφει και απαγορεύει συγκεκριμένες δραστηριότητες σεξουαλικής φύσης, και θεωρείται ότι επηρεάζει δυσανάλογα τα μέλη της κοινότητας ΛΟΑΤΚ+. (el) Las diversidad sexual en Afganistán se enfrentan a ciertos desafíos legales y sociales no experimentados por otros residentes. La homosexualidad es ilegal, se considera un crimen grave y está penada con muerte. (es) Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Afghanistan face legal challenges and discriminations not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Afghan members of the LGBT community are forced to keep their gender identity and sexual orientation a secret in fear of harassment, intimidation, persecution, violence, and the death penalty. The religious nature of the country has limited any opportunity for public discussion, with any mention of homosexuality and related terms deemed taboo. (en) Orang-orang Gay, lesbian, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT) yang tinggal di Afghanistan menghadapi tantangan hukum tertentu dan sosial yang unik. Homoseksualitas dan perbedaan penampilan dianggap kejahatan serius di Afghanistan, hukuman yang mungkin mungkin termasuk hukuman mati. Hal ini biasanya terjadi di wilayah pedesaan di negara di mana penduduk setempat mengambil tindakan hukum sendiri. Pada tahun 2008, tampak bahwa perubahan rezim tidak memiliki banyak dampak pada status dari gay, lesbian, dan biseksual di Afghanistan. (in) Les personnes faisant partie de la communauté LGBT (lesbienne, gay, bisexuel, transgenre) qui vivent en Afghanistan buttent contre des obstacles juridiques et sociaux. L'homosexualité et le travestissement sont considérés comme des crimes très graves, passibles de la peine de mort. Après la reprise du pouvoir par les talibans en août 2021, de nombreux médias ont décrit le danger de mort couru par les personnes LGBTI afghanes, et les assassinats de certaines d'entre elles. (fr) I diritti LGBT in Afghanistan sono ancora molto critici a causa della mentalità estremamente conservatrice della società. Omosessualità e travestitismo non sono più pratiche illegali punibili tramite pena di morte dopo la caduta del regime dei Talebani nel 2001. Tuttavia, nelle zone rurali e sotto il controllo dei talebani, dove anche i capi locali dei villaggi assumono interamente su di sé il potere legale, essi vengono considerati dei reati molto gravi, punibili anche con la pena di morte, in quanto coloro che governano hanno facoltà di vita o di morte sugli abitanti. Il cambiamento ufficiale di regime, avvenuto a partire dal 2004 con l'insediamento di Hamid Karzai, sembra d'altronde non aver avuto alcun impatto positivo degno di nota nei riguardi dello status giuridico di uomini e donne LGBT. La restaurazione del codice civile del 1976 ha eliminato l'omosessualità dai reati. Omosessualità e travestitismo sono ampiamente considerate attività tabù e indegne di un vero uomo, a causa dei costumi islamici tradizionali in materia di ruoli di genere e di "adeguatezza" di comportamento sessuale: la stragrande maggioranza dei cittadini afghani sono di religione musulmana, e la dottrina morale islamica si riflette anche nella costituzione della nazione e delle leggi vigenti. Quando se ne discute pubblicamente, l'omosessualità è sempre collegata alla prostituzione e alla pedofilia e il livello di consapevolezza generale circa l'orientamento sessuale o l'identità di genere è molto limitato. Nel 2011 alcuni giornalisti afghani intervistarono degli uomini che avevano appiccicato sui loro veicoli degli adesivi con simboli dell'orgoglio LGBT, scoprendo che essi erano a conoscenza solo del significato pacifista della bandiera arcobaleno: appreso il significato di quei simboli, immediatamente iniziò la rimozione di tutti gli adesivi per evitare di essere scambiati per sostenitori dei diritti delle persone LGBT, o addirittura di essere scambiati per gay. Nel 2021 il giudice Gul Rahim ha riteuto giustissime le pene previste per gli omosessuali, in base all’interpretazione della sharia. Rahim ha affermato che essi devono essere uccisi schiacciati da un muro alto 3 metri o lapidati. (it) Os direitos de pessoas LGBT no Afeganistão enfrentam certos desafios legais e sociais únicos. A homossexualidade e travestismo são considerados crimes graves no Afeganistão, e uma possível punição pode incluir a pena de morte. Em áreas rurais do país, geralmente, os moradores locais tomam a lei em suas próprias mãos. A partir de 2008, parece que a mudança de regime não teve muito impacto sobre o estatuto jurídico de lésbicas, gays e bissexuais no Afeganistão. Em 2012, , um ex-professor de ciência política na , mobilizou um movimento LGBT e em 22 de agosto de 2013, ele se tornou a primeira figura pública a se assumir como gay em uma campanha pela libertação sexual. (pt) 阿富汗伊斯兰共和国的LGBT社群遭受法律困境。 阿富汗宪法确立了伊斯兰教法作为所有其他法律、政策和規定的母法，允许国家以宗教為理由禁止LGBT。国家的宗教性质和缺乏大眾宣導限制了任何公开讨论的机会，任何有關同性戀的話題都被视为禁忌。 LGBTQ+社群的成员因害怕受到骚扰、恐吓、迫害和被殺而被迫隱瞞性别认同和性取向。 1976年的刑法在2001年美國入侵后恢复，2017年又被新的《刑法典》取代，其中列出並禁止某些涉及性傾向的活動，於2018年2月14日生效，对LGBTQ+社群产生巨大影响。 (zh) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://www.williamapercy.com/wiki/images/Afghanistan.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20051015055822/http:/www.idlo.org/AfghanLaws/Laws%201921_todate.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20071027123018/http:/www.idlo.org/AfghanLaws/Afghan%20Laws/CD%20Laws%201921%20-%20to%20date%20in%20English/Afghan%20Laws%20in%20English%20(and%20other%20languages)/Press%20Law%201965.pdf https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/brinkley/article/Afghanistan-s-dirty-little-secret-3176762.php |
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| dbp:adoption | No (en) |
| dbp:caption | Afghanistan (en) |
| dbp:discriminationProtections | No (en) |
| dbp:genderIdentityExpression | No (en) |
| dbp:legalStatus | (en) Illegal: Islamic law is applied (en) |
| dbp:locationHeader | Afghanistan (en) |
| dbp:military | No (en) |
| dbp:penalty | (en) Maximum penalty of death (en) |
| dbp:recognitionOfRelationships | (en) No recognition of same-sex relationships (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Lesby, gayové, bisexuálové a transsexuálové (LGBT) žijící v Afghánistánu čelí určitým právním a sociálním problémům neznámým pro ostatní spoluobčany. Homosexualita a crossdressing je v Afghánistánu považována za těžký zločin, který lze trestat i smrtí. Takový je obvyklý postup ve venkovských oblastech země, kde místní obyvatelé berou zákon do svých rukou. Od r. 2008 je známo, že zdejší režim nehodlá změnit svůj postoj k lesbám, gayům a bisexuálům v Afghánistánu. (cs) يواجه الأشخاص من المثليين والمثليات ومزدوجي التوجه الجنسي والمتحولين جنسياً (اختصاراً: مجتمع الميم) في أفغانستان تحديات قانونية واجتماعية لا يواجهها غيرهم من المغايرين جنسيا. يعتبر النشاط الجنسي بين الرجال وبين النساء فير قانوني في أفغانستان، يواجه عقوبة الإعدام على الرغم من عدم وجود حالات معروفة من عمليات الإعدام. يواجه الأشخاص من مجتمع الميم وصمة عار بين السكان. كما أن المنازل التي يعيش فيها الشركاء المثليون غير مؤهلة للحصول على نفس الحماية القانونية المتاحة للأزواج المغايرين، مع وجود عدة تقارير تتحدث عن مستوى عالي من التمييز والانتهاكات ضد مجتمع الميم. (ar) Las diversidad sexual en Afganistán se enfrentan a ciertos desafíos legales y sociales no experimentados por otros residentes. La homosexualidad es ilegal, se considera un crimen grave y está penada con muerte. (es) Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people in Afghanistan face legal challenges and discriminations not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Afghan members of the LGBT community are forced to keep their gender identity and sexual orientation a secret in fear of harassment, intimidation, persecution, violence, and the death penalty. The religious nature of the country has limited any opportunity for public discussion, with any mention of homosexuality and related terms deemed taboo. (en) Orang-orang Gay, lesbian, biseksual, dan transgender (LGBT) yang tinggal di Afghanistan menghadapi tantangan hukum tertentu dan sosial yang unik. Homoseksualitas dan perbedaan penampilan dianggap kejahatan serius di Afghanistan, hukuman yang mungkin mungkin termasuk hukuman mati. Hal ini biasanya terjadi di wilayah pedesaan di negara di mana penduduk setempat mengambil tindakan hukum sendiri. Pada tahun 2008, tampak bahwa perubahan rezim tidak memiliki banyak dampak pada status dari gay, lesbian, dan biseksual di Afghanistan. (in) Les personnes faisant partie de la communauté LGBT (lesbienne, gay, bisexuel, transgenre) qui vivent en Afghanistan buttent contre des obstacles juridiques et sociaux. L'homosexualité et le travestissement sont considérés comme des crimes très graves, passibles de la peine de mort. Après la reprise du pouvoir par les talibans en août 2021, de nombreux médias ont décrit le danger de mort couru par les personnes LGBTI afghanes, et les assassinats de certaines d'entre elles. (fr) Os direitos de pessoas LGBT no Afeganistão enfrentam certos desafios legais e sociais únicos. A homossexualidade e travestismo são considerados crimes graves no Afeganistão, e uma possível punição pode incluir a pena de morte. Em áreas rurais do país, geralmente, os moradores locais tomam a lei em suas próprias mãos. A partir de 2008, parece que a mudança de regime não teve muito impacto sobre o estatuto jurídico de lésbicas, gays e bissexuais no Afeganistão. Em 2012, , um ex-professor de ciência política na , mobilizou um movimento LGBT e em 22 de agosto de 2013, ele se tornou a primeira figura pública a se assumir como gay em uma campanha pela libertação sexual. (pt) 阿富汗伊斯兰共和国的LGBT社群遭受法律困境。 阿富汗宪法确立了伊斯兰教法作为所有其他法律、政策和規定的母法，允许国家以宗教為理由禁止LGBT。国家的宗教性质和缺乏大眾宣導限制了任何公开讨论的机会，任何有關同性戀的話題都被视为禁忌。 LGBTQ+社群的成员因害怕受到骚扰、恐吓、迫害和被殺而被迫隱瞞性别认同和性取向。 1976年的刑法在2001年美國入侵后恢复，2017年又被新的《刑法典》取代，其中列出並禁止某些涉及性傾向的活動，於2018年2月14日生效，对LGBTQ+社群产生巨大影响。 (zh) Οι λεσβίες, ομοφυλόφιλοι, αμφιφυλόφιλοι και τρανσέξουαλ (ΛΟΑΤ) στο Αφγανιστάν αντιμετωπίζουν νομικές προκλήσεις που δεν αντιμετωπίζουν οι κάτοικοι μη ΛΟΑΤ. Τα μέλη της κοινότητας ΛΟΑΤΚ+ αναγκάζονται να κρατήσουν μυστική την ταυτότητα φύλου και τον σεξουαλικό προσανατολισμό τους, φοβούμενοι την παρενόχληση, τον εκφοβισμό, τη δίωξη και κυρίως τον θάνατο. Ο μουσουλμανικά θρησκευτικός χαρακτήρας του έθνους και η έλλειψη δημόσιας εκπαίδευσης επί του θέματος περιόρισε κάθε ευκαιρία για δημόσια συζήτηση, με οποιαδήποτε αναφορά της ομοφυλοφιλίας και των σχετικών όρων να θεωρείται ταμπού. (el) I diritti LGBT in Afghanistan sono ancora molto critici a causa della mentalità estremamente conservatrice della società. Omosessualità e travestitismo non sono più pratiche illegali punibili tramite pena di morte dopo la caduta del regime dei Talebani nel 2001. Tuttavia, nelle zone rurali e sotto il controllo dei talebani, dove anche i capi locali dei villaggi assumono interamente su di sé il potere legale, essi vengono considerati dei reati molto gravi, punibili anche con la pena di morte, in quanto coloro che governano hanno facoltà di vita o di morte sugli abitanti. (it) |
| rdfs:label | حقوق المثليين في أفغانستان (ar) LGBT práva v Afghánistánu (cs) Δικαιώματα ΛΟΑΤ στο Αφγανιστάν (el) Diversidad sexual en Afganistán (es) Hak LGBT di Afganistan (in) Droits LGBT en Afghanistan (fr) Diritti LGBT in Afghanistan (it) LGBT rights in Afghanistan (en) Direitos LGBT no Afeganistão (pt) 阿富汗LGBT權益 (zh) |
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