Lev Karakhan (original) (raw)
Lev Mijáilovich Karaján ('en armenio, Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, Levon Karajanián, Tiflis, Imperio ruso, 20 de enerojul./ 1 de febrero de 1889greg.-20 de septiembre de 1937) fue un revolucionario ruso de origen armenio y diplomático soviético, viceministro de Asuntos Exteriores de 1925 a 1934 y embajador en varios países. Falleció en la Gran Purga en 1937.
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| dbo:abstract | Lew Michailowitsch Karachan (armenisch Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, russisch Лев Михайлович Карахан; * 1. Februar 1889 in Tiflis; † 20. September 1937 in Moskau) war ein armenisch-russischer Revolutionär und sowjetischer Diplomat. Der Sohn eines in Tiflis ansässigen armenischen Rechtsanwaltes trat noch als Schüler der Sozialdemokratischen Arbeiterpartei Russlands im Jahre 1904 bei, wobei er sich ursprünglich der Fraktion der Menschewiki anschloss; im Mai 1917 jedoch wurde er Mitglied der Bolschewiki. Nach der Oktoberrevolution von 1917 wurde er zunächst in den Revolutionären Militärrat der RSFSR berufen; im Jahre 1918 nahm er dann als Mitglieder der russischen Delegation (gemeinsam mit Leo Trotzki und Adolf Joffe) an den Friedensverhandlungen in Brest-Litowsk teil. Von 1918 bis 1920 und wiederum von 1927 bis 1934 fungierte er als Stellvertretender Volkskommissar für Auswärtige Angelegenheiten; im Rahmen dieser Tätigkeit verfasste er am 25. Juli 1919 das sogenannte Karachan-Manifest, in welchem Sowjetrussland auf sämtliche politischen Sonderrechte und Ansprüche der ehemaligen zaristischen Regierung Russlands in China verzichtete; diese Erklärung stellte den ersten derartigen Ausdruck ebenbürtiger und freundschaftlicher Beziehungen einer europäischen Großmacht gegenüber China dar und wurde daher äußerst positiv aufgenommen. Im Jahre 1921 wurde er zum russischen Botschafter in Polen ernannt; von 1923 bis 1927 übernahm er die Position des sowjetischen Botschafters in China. Nach 1934 arbeitete er als Botschafter im Iran und in der Türkei. 1930 heiratete er die Ballett-Tänzerin Marina Semjonowa. Während der Stalinschen Säuberungen im Jahre 1937 wurde Karachan in Moskau verhaftet und am 20. September hingerichtet. (de) Lev Mijáilovich Karaján ('en armenio, Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, Levon Karajanián, Tiflis, Imperio ruso, 20 de enerojul./ 1 de febrero de 1889greg.-20 de septiembre de 1937) fue un revolucionario ruso de origen armenio y diplomático soviético, viceministro de Asuntos Exteriores de 1925 a 1934 y embajador en varios países. Falleció en la Gran Purga en 1937. (es) Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan (Karakhanian) Armenian Լևոն Միքայելի Կարախանյան, Russian Лев Михайлович Карахан (20 January 1889, Tiflis – 20 September 1937, Moscow) was a Russian revolutionary and a Soviet diplomat. A member of the RSDLP from 1904. At first a Menshevik, he joined the Bolsheviks in May 1917. In October 1917, he was member of the Revolutionary Military Council; then served as secretary of the Soviet delegation at the Brest-Litovsk peace talks together with Leon Trotsky and Adolph Joffe. In 1918-1920 and 1927–1934, he was the Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs. In 1919, he issued a statement concerning relations with China called the Karakhan Manifesto. In 1921, he was the Soviet Ambassador to Poland; in 1923–1926, the Ambassador to China; after 1934, the Ambassador to Turkey. Karakhan was known for his dandyish appearance; Karl Radek is quoted as having "maliciously described" him as "the Ass of Classical Beauty", while a junior colleague, Alexander Barmine, wrote that "Our young staff gave him unstinted admiration, amazed that humanity could produce such perfection. He had a purity of profile such as is seen, as a rule, only on ancient coins." The British diplomat Robert Bruce Lockhart, who met Karakhan in 1918, described him as: An Armenian with dark, waving hair and a well-trimmed beard, he was the adonis of the Bolshevik party. His manners were perfect. He was an excellent judge of a cigar. I never saw him in a bad temper, and during the whole period of our contact, and even when I was being denounced as a spy and an assassin by his colleagues, I never heard an unpleasant word from his lips. This is not to imply that he was a saint. He had all the guile and craft of his race. Diplomacy was his proper sphere. On May 3, 1937 Karakhan was recalled to Moscow and arrested on charges of participating in a "pro-fascist conspiracy" to overthrow the Soviet Government. On September 20, 1937, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court. He was shot on the same day and became a victim of the Great Purge. Karakhan was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956. His third wife (in civil marriage), Marina Semyonova, the Soviet ballet dancer, died in 2010. (en) Lev Mikhailovitch Karakhan ou Karakhanian (arménien : Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, russe : Лев Михайлович Карахан), né le 20 janvier 1889 à Tiflis (Tbilissi) et mort le 20 septembre 1937 à Moscou, est un diplomate russe d'origine arménienne. (fr) Lew Michajłowicz Karachan (właściwie Lewon Michajłowicz Karachanian) (ros. (Лев Михайлович Карахан), (Левон Михайлович Караханян) (ur. 1 lutego 1889 w Tyflisie – zm. 20 września 1937) – ambasador Związku Radzieckiego w Turcji w 1937, zastępca komisarza ludowego spraw zagranicznych ZSRR 1927-1934, ambasador ZSRR w Chinach 1923-1926, pierwszy po nawiązaniu stosunków dyplomatycznych poseł nadzwyczajny i minister pełnomocny Rosyjskiej Federacyjnej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej w II Rzeczypospolitej 1921-1922. Aresztowany przez NKWD 3 maja 1937 za rzekome szpiegostwo w ramach masowego terroru w ZSRR okresu wielkiej czystki, rozstrzelany 20 września 1937, zrehabilitowany w 1956. (pl) レフ・ミハイロヴィッチ・カラハン（Лев Миха́йлович Караха́н、Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan、1889年1月20日 - 1937年9月20日）は、ロシアの革命家、ソヴィエト連邦（ソ連）の外交官である。アルメニア人。本来の苗字はカラハニアン（Karakhanian）。 (ja) Lev Michajlovitj Karachan (armeniska: Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, ryska: Лев Михайлович Карахан), född 20 januari 1889 i Tbilisi, död 20 september 1937, var en armenisk-rysk bolsjevikisk diplomat från Georgien. Den 27 juli 1919 utfärdade Lev Karachan det så kallade Karachan-manifestet, i vilket den nya sovjetstaten avsade sig alla privilegier som Tsarryssland tillskansat sig i Kina under Qingdynastin. Detta bidrog starkt till att skapa ett intresse för Ryska revolutionen och för kommunismen i Kina, där den antiimperialistiska fjärde maj-rörelsen var på stark frammarsch. Karachan var sändebud i Polen 1921–1922 och i Kina 1924–1926, där han med stor smidighet visste att göra sig gällande i Ostasiens politik. 1926 blev Karakhan vikarierande utrikeskommissarie för Georgij Tjitjerin. Han var senare Maksim Litvinovs närmaste man. Han avrättades 1937 under den Stora utrensningen. Hans hustru Marina Semjonova avled 2010. (sv) Лев Миха́йлович Караха́н (арм. Լեւոն Միքայելի Կարախանյան, Леон Караханян, 20 января 1889, Тифлис — 20 сентября, 1937 Москва) — революционер, советский дипломат. (ru) 列夫·米哈伊洛維奇·加拉罕（俄語：Лев Михайлович Карахан，羅馬化：Lev Mikhailovuch Karakhan；亞美尼亞語：Լեւոն Միքայելի Կարախանյան ，羅馬化：Lewon Mik'ayeli Karakhanyan，1889年1月20日－1937年9月20日），蘇聯外交官，亚美尼亚人，生於格鲁吉亚第比利斯，死於莫斯科。 1904年起成為俄国社会民主工党黨員，起先是孟什维克成员，1917年5月加入布尔什维克。1917年與越飛、托洛茨基一起擔任《布列斯特-立陶夫斯克條約》裡的俄方代表團的秘書。1918－1920任苏俄外交事务全权代表。1919年7月对中国发表《加拉罕宣言》，声明放弃俄罗斯帝国时期对华签署的不平等条约。1927－1934年，再次擔任外事人民委员。1921年出任蘇聯駐波蘭大使。 1924年7月31日－1926年9月10日，他擔任苏联駐中國大使，在1924年代表蘇方與北洋政府簽訂《中蘇解決懸案大綱協定》。同年与军阀冯玉祥接触。1925年1月20日，加拉罕与日本驻华公使芳泽谦吉签署《日苏基本条约》，2月26日在北京互换批准书。1926年9月，因中东铁路问题，在张作霖的强烈抗议下，加拉罕撤离中国。 1934年後擔任駐土耳其大使。 1937年在大清洗中被逮捕处死。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Lev Mijáilovich Karaján ('en armenio, Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, Levon Karajanián, Tiflis, Imperio ruso, 20 de enerojul./ 1 de febrero de 1889greg.-20 de septiembre de 1937) fue un revolucionario ruso de origen armenio y diplomático soviético, viceministro de Asuntos Exteriores de 1925 a 1934 y embajador en varios países. Falleció en la Gran Purga en 1937. (es) Lev Mikhailovitch Karakhan ou Karakhanian (arménien : Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, russe : Лев Михайлович Карахан), né le 20 janvier 1889 à Tiflis (Tbilissi) et mort le 20 septembre 1937 à Moscou, est un diplomate russe d'origine arménienne. (fr) レフ・ミハイロヴィッチ・カラハン（Лев Миха́йлович Караха́н、Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan、1889年1月20日 - 1937年9月20日）は、ロシアの革命家、ソヴィエト連邦（ソ連）の外交官である。アルメニア人。本来の苗字はカラハニアン（Karakhanian）。 (ja) Лев Миха́йлович Караха́н (арм. Լեւոն Միքայելի Կարախանյան, Леон Караханян, 20 января 1889, Тифлис — 20 сентября, 1937 Москва) — революционер, советский дипломат. (ru) 列夫·米哈伊洛維奇·加拉罕（俄語：Лев Михайлович Карахан，羅馬化：Lev Mikhailovuch Karakhan；亞美尼亞語：Լեւոն Միքայելի Կարախանյան ，羅馬化：Lewon Mik'ayeli Karakhanyan，1889年1月20日－1937年9月20日），蘇聯外交官，亚美尼亚人，生於格鲁吉亚第比利斯，死於莫斯科。 1904年起成為俄国社会民主工党黨員，起先是孟什维克成员，1917年5月加入布尔什维克。1917年與越飛、托洛茨基一起擔任《布列斯特-立陶夫斯克條約》裡的俄方代表團的秘書。1918－1920任苏俄外交事务全权代表。1919年7月对中国发表《加拉罕宣言》，声明放弃俄罗斯帝国时期对华签署的不平等条约。1927－1934年，再次擔任外事人民委员。1921年出任蘇聯駐波蘭大使。 1924年7月31日－1926年9月10日，他擔任苏联駐中國大使，在1924年代表蘇方與北洋政府簽訂《中蘇解決懸案大綱協定》。同年与军阀冯玉祥接触。1925年1月20日，加拉罕与日本驻华公使芳泽谦吉签署《日苏基本条约》，2月26日在北京互换批准书。1926年9月，因中东铁路问题，在张作霖的强烈抗议下，加拉罕撤离中国。 1934年後擔任駐土耳其大使。 1937年在大清洗中被逮捕处死。 (zh) Lew Michailowitsch Karachan (armenisch Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, russisch Лев Михайлович Карахан; * 1. Februar 1889 in Tiflis; † 20. September 1937 in Moskau) war ein armenisch-russischer Revolutionär und sowjetischer Diplomat. Der Sohn eines in Tiflis ansässigen armenischen Rechtsanwaltes trat noch als Schüler der Sozialdemokratischen Arbeiterpartei Russlands im Jahre 1904 bei, wobei er sich ursprünglich der Fraktion der Menschewiki anschloss; im Mai 1917 jedoch wurde er Mitglied der Bolschewiki. (de) Lev Mikhailovich Karakhan (Karakhanian) Armenian Լևոն Միքայելի Կարախանյան, Russian Лев Михайлович Карахан (20 January 1889, Tiflis – 20 September 1937, Moscow) was a Russian revolutionary and a Soviet diplomat. A member of the RSDLP from 1904. At first a Menshevik, he joined the Bolsheviks in May 1917. On May 3, 1937 Karakhan was recalled to Moscow and arrested on charges of participating in a "pro-fascist conspiracy" to overthrow the Soviet Government. Karakhan was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956. His third wife (in civil marriage), Marina Semyonova, the Soviet ballet dancer, died in 2010. (en) Lew Michajłowicz Karachan (właściwie Lewon Michajłowicz Karachanian) (ros. (Лев Михайлович Карахан), (Левон Михайлович Караханян) (ur. 1 lutego 1889 w Tyflisie – zm. 20 września 1937) – ambasador Związku Radzieckiego w Turcji w 1937, zastępca komisarza ludowego spraw zagranicznych ZSRR 1927-1934, ambasador ZSRR w Chinach 1923-1926, pierwszy po nawiązaniu stosunków dyplomatycznych poseł nadzwyczajny i minister pełnomocny Rosyjskiej Federacyjnej Socjalistycznej Republiki Radzieckiej w II Rzeczypospolitej 1921-1922. (pl) Lev Michajlovitj Karachan (armeniska: Կարախանյան Լեւոն Միքայելի, ryska: Лев Михайлович Карахан), född 20 januari 1889 i Tbilisi, död 20 september 1937, var en armenisk-rysk bolsjevikisk diplomat från Georgien. Den 27 juli 1919 utfärdade Lev Karachan det så kallade Karachan-manifestet, i vilket den nya sovjetstaten avsade sig alla privilegier som Tsarryssland tillskansat sig i Kina under Qingdynastin. Detta bidrog starkt till att skapa ett intresse för Ryska revolutionen och för kommunismen i Kina, där den antiimperialistiska fjärde maj-rörelsen var på stark frammarsch. (sv) |
| rdfs:label | Lew Michailowitsch Karachan (de) Lev Karaján (es) Lev Karakhan (fr) Lev Karakhan (en) レフ・カラハン (ja) Lew Karachan (pl) Lev Karachan (sv) Карахан, Лев Михайлович (ru) 列夫·米哈伊洛維奇·加拉罕 (zh) Карахан Лев Михайлович (uk) |
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