Marius Tscherning (original) (raw)

About DBpedia

Marius Hans Erik Tscherning (11 December 1854, in Østrup near Odense – 1 September 1939) was a Danish ophthalmologist. Tscherning first studied with Peter Ludvig Panum. Then he studied ophthalmology under Edmund Hansen Grut (1831-1907) in Copenhagen. Later Tscherning became an adjunct director at the ophthalmological laboratory at the Sorbonne in Paris. Tscherning spent 25 years at the Sorbonne, where he worked closely with Louis Émile Javal (1839-1907). In 1910 he returned to Denmark as a professor at the University of Copenhagen and head of the ophthalmic department at the Rigshospitalet.

Property Value
dbo:abstract Marius Hans Erik Tscherning (11 December 1854, in Østrup near Odense – 1 September 1939) was a Danish ophthalmologist. Tscherning first studied with Peter Ludvig Panum. Then he studied ophthalmology under Edmund Hansen Grut (1831-1907) in Copenhagen. Later Tscherning became an adjunct director at the ophthalmological laboratory at the Sorbonne in Paris. Tscherning spent 25 years at the Sorbonne, where he worked closely with Louis Émile Javal (1839-1907). In 1910 he returned to Denmark as a professor at the University of Copenhagen and head of the ophthalmic department at the Rigshospitalet. Tscherning is remembered for contributions made in optical physiology. He conducted research of entoptic phenomenon, Purkinje images, the etiology of myopia, and Listing's law of ocular movement. He discovered the phenomenon of monocular rivalry in which two superimposed images fluctuate in clarity or visibility. He also designed an ophthalmophacometer, a device used to measure changes that happen in the front and back curvatures of the lens during accommodation. He is probably best known for his theory regarding the mechanism of accommodation, of which he disagreed with the accommodation theory proposed by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894). Tscherning believed that accommodation occurred through an increase of zonular pressure at the lens equator with contraction of the ciliary muscle, and therefore a bulging of the lens in accommodation was created by compression rather than by passive dilatation. Furthermore, he stated that during accommodation, while the central part of the anterior surface of the lens is bulged, the peripheral portion of the lens is flattened. Tscherning was the author of over 100 scientific articles, including a book titled Optique physiologique, published in 1898 in Paris by Garré and Naud, and was later translated into English (Physiologic optics), and Hermann von Helmholtz et la Théorie de l´Accommodation, Paris 1909 Octave Doin, ("Hermann von Helmholtz and the Theory of Accommodation") which was critical to Helmholtz's work on the same subject, published in the Graefe's Archiv (volume 1, 1854). In 1894 he published Œvres ophthalmologiques de Thomas Young ("Ophthalmological oeuvres of Thomas Young"). (en) Marius Hans Erik Tscherning, född 11 december 1854 i Østrup vid Odense, död 1 september 1939, var en dansk oftalmolog. Tscherning tog medicinsk examen 1878 och doktorsgraden 1882 på avhandlingen Myopiens ætiologi, som utarbetats bland annat på basis av en undersökning av ett mycket stort antal värnpliktiga, och som i hög grad reformerade uppfattningarna om närsynthetens orsaker. Han gjorde därefter kandidattjänst och reste på studieresa 1883–84. I Paris anställdes han som directeur adjoint vid Sorbonnes oftalmologiska laboratorium 1884 och blev samtidigt förste underläkare vid Gilles de Grandmonts ögonklinik, 1884–88, varefter han tog fransk doktorsgrad på avhandlingen La loi de Listing, 1887. Han anställdes därefter som ögonläkare vid dövstuminstitutet i Paris samtidigt som han öppnade privatpraktik. Han publicerade en rad fysiologisk-optiska arbeten och tilldelades Prix Barbier 1891 och Prix Meynot 1893. År 1901 efterträdde han Louis Émile Javal som direktör för Sorbonnes oftalmologiska laboratorium och 1910 professor vid Köpenhamns universitet och tillika överläkare vid Rigshospitalets oftalmologiska avdelning, befattningar vilka han innehade intill 1925. Tschernings laboratorium i Paris blev ett vetenskapligt centrum av hög rang som lockade inte bara så gott som alla Nordens oftalmologer, utan även många från andra länder. Han konstruerade en rad nya apparater (aberroskopet, kromatoskopet, oftalmofakometern etc.) och genomförde mätningar av optiska fenomen, som tidigare endast i begränsad omfattning varit möjliga. Förutom talrika specialavhandlingar utgav han Œuvres ophthalmologiques de Thomas Young (1894) och Optique physiologique (1898). (sv)
dbo:wikiPageExternalLink http://pt.wkhealth.com/pt/re/acop/abstract.00043481-200410000-00002.htm;jsessionid=HPtSKPB7qBsrZRjD9QPWC8Vpz4t6gqkw51ZCf6Cpy5PKpL3bV1BT!1071114923!181195629!8091!-1 https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009260907 http://www.iovs.org/cgi/content/full/47/1/278
dbo:wikiPageID 13702447 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageLength 4466 (xsd:nonNegativeInteger)
dbo:wikiPageRevisionID 1093884322 (xsd:integer)
dbo:wikiPageWikiLink dbr:Myopia dbr:Denmark dbr:Rigshospitalet dbr:University_of_Copenhagen dbr:University_of_Paris dbc:1939_deaths dbr:Copenhagen dbr:Corrective_lens dbr:Ciliary_muscle dbr:Entoptic_phenomenon dbr:Thomas_Young_(scientist) dbr:Louis_Émile_Javal dbr:Zonule_of_Zinn dbc:1854_births dbr:Paris dbc:Danish_ophthalmologists dbr:Edmund_Hansen_Grut dbr:Lens_(anatomy) dbr:Purkinje_images dbr:Hermann_von_Helmholtz dbc:University_of_Paris_faculty dbr:Accommodation_(eye) dbr:Accommodation_reflex dbr:Physiology dbr:Odense dbr:Ophthalmologist dbr:Monocular_rivalry dbr:Etiology dbr:Listing's_law dbr:Peter_Ludvig_Panum dbr:Lens_power dbr:Pupillary_dilation
dbp:wikiPageUsesTemplate dbt:Authority_control dbt:ISBN dbt:Reflist dbt:Short_description
dct:subject dbc:1939_deaths dbc:1854_births dbc:Danish_ophthalmologists dbc:University_of_Paris_faculty
gold:hypernym dbr:Ophthalmologist
schema:sameAs http://viaf.org/viaf/216220475
rdf:type owl:Thing dbo:Person yago:Adult109605289 yago:CausalAgent100007347 yago:Doctor110020890 yago:HealthProfessional110165109 yago:LivingThing100004258 yago:MedicalPractitioner110305802 yago:Object100002684 yago:Ophthalmologist110379073 yago:Organism100004475 yago:Person100007846 yago:PhysicalEntity100001930 yago:Professional110480253 yago:YagoLegalActor yago:YagoLegalActorGeo yago:Specialist110632576 yago:Whole100003553 yago:WikicatDanishOphthalmologists yago:WikicatDanishPhysicians
rdfs:comment Marius Hans Erik Tscherning (11 December 1854, in Østrup near Odense – 1 September 1939) was a Danish ophthalmologist. Tscherning first studied with Peter Ludvig Panum. Then he studied ophthalmology under Edmund Hansen Grut (1831-1907) in Copenhagen. Later Tscherning became an adjunct director at the ophthalmological laboratory at the Sorbonne in Paris. Tscherning spent 25 years at the Sorbonne, where he worked closely with Louis Émile Javal (1839-1907). In 1910 he returned to Denmark as a professor at the University of Copenhagen and head of the ophthalmic department at the Rigshospitalet. (en) Marius Hans Erik Tscherning, född 11 december 1854 i Østrup vid Odense, död 1 september 1939, var en dansk oftalmolog. Tscherning tog medicinsk examen 1878 och doktorsgraden 1882 på avhandlingen Myopiens ætiologi, som utarbetats bland annat på basis av en undersökning av ett mycket stort antal värnpliktiga, och som i hög grad reformerade uppfattningarna om närsynthetens orsaker. Han gjorde därefter kandidattjänst och reste på studieresa 1883–84. I Paris anställdes han som directeur adjoint vid Sorbonnes oftalmologiska laboratorium 1884 och blev samtidigt förste underläkare vid Gilles de Grandmonts ögonklinik, 1884–88, varefter han tog fransk doktorsgrad på avhandlingen La loi de Listing, 1887. Han anställdes därefter som ögonläkare vid dövstuminstitutet i Paris samtidigt som han öppnade pr (sv)
rdfs:label Marius Tscherning (en) Marius Tscherning (sv)
owl:sameAs freebase:Marius Tscherning http://viaf.org/viaf/216220475 yago-res:Marius Tscherning http://d-nb.info/gnd/1146291701 wikidata:Marius Tscherning http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070685517 dbpedia-sv:Marius Tscherning https://global.dbpedia.org/id/4okGb
prov:wasDerivedFrom wikipedia-en:Marius_Tscherning?oldid=1093884322&ns=0
foaf:isPrimaryTopicOf wikipedia-en:Marius_Tscherning
is dbo:influenced of dbr:Louis_Émile_Javal
is dbo:wikiPageDisambiguates of dbr:Tscherning
is dbo:wikiPageWikiLink of dbr:Louis_Émile_Javal dbr:Edmund_Hansen_Grut dbr:Margaret_Darst_Corbett dbr:Tscherning dbr:Monocular_rivalry
is dbp:influenced of dbr:Louis_Émile_Javal
is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:Marius_Tscherning