Mars effect (original) (raw)
L'effet Mars est le nom donné à une hypothétique corrélation, dont l'existence a été avancée dans les années 1950 par Michel Gauquelin, entre la destinée de certains sportifs et la position de la planète Mars par rapport à l'horizon et au méridien géographique au moment de leur naissance. Il a été statistiquement et rigoureusement que cet effet n'existe pas.
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| dbo:abstract | L'effet Mars est le nom donné à une hypothétique corrélation, dont l'existence a été avancée dans les années 1950 par Michel Gauquelin, entre la destinée de certains sportifs et la position de la planète Mars par rapport à l'horizon et au méridien géographique au moment de leur naissance. Il a été statistiquement et rigoureusement que cet effet n'existe pas. (fr) The Mars effect is a purported statistical correlation between athletic eminence and the position of the planet Mars relative to the horizon at time and place of birth. This controversial finding was first reported by the French psychologist and "neo-astrologer" Michel Gauquelin. In his book L'influence des astres ("The Influence of the Stars", 1955), Gauquelin suggested that a statistically significant number of sports champions were born just after the planet Mars rises or culminates. He also divided the plane of the ecliptic into twelve sectors, identifying two "key" sectors of statistical significance. Gauquelin's work was accepted by the psychologist Hans Eysenck among others but later attempts to validate the data and replicate the effect have produced uneven results, chiefly owing to disagreements over the selection and analysis of the data set. Since the phenomenon in question depends upon the daily rotation of the Earth, the availability and accuracy of time and place of birth data is crucial to such studies, as is the criterion of "eminence". Later research claims to explain the Mars effect by selection bias, favouring champions who were born in a key sector of Mars and rejecting those who were not from the sample. (en) Marseffect is een in 1955 gerapporteerde correlatie tussen atletische uitmuntendheid en de positie van de planeet Mars ten opzichte van de horizon op het tijdstip van iemands geboorte. Latere onderzoekers hebben de data opnieuw geanalyseerd. Daarbij werden andere verklaringen gegeven. Zo werd het effect aangemerkt als een statistische uitschieter of een gevolg van een . Anderzijds zijn er tegen deze latere onderzoeken ook bezwaren gerezen, waaronder een beschuldiging van . (nl) Efeito Marte é o nome dado à afirmação do psicólogo e "neo-astrólogo" francês Michel Gauquelin de que existe uma correlação, que não pode ser explicada pelo acaso, entre a posição do planeta Marte no céu no momento do nascimento e o fato desta pessoa ser um grande atleta. Se este efeito fosse verdadeiro, seria uma evidência científica da validade da Astrologia. Em seu livro "L`influence des astres" ("A influência das estrelas", 1955) Gauquelin sugeriu que um número estatisticamente significativo de campeões esportivos haviam nascido logo após o planeta Marte subir ou culminar no horizonte. Ele também dividiu o plano da eclíptica em doze setores, identificando dois setores "principais" de significância estatística. Tentativas de validar os dados e replicar o efeito produziram resultados desiguais, principalmente devido a divergências quanto à seleção e análise do conjunto de dados. Além disso, pesquisadores explicam o Efeito Marte por viés de seleção, favorecendo campeões que nasceram em um setor-chave de Marte e rejeitando aqueles que não eram da amostra. Como o fenômeno em questão depende da rotação diária da Terra, a disponibilidade e a precisão dos dados de tempo e local de nascimento são cruciais para esse estudo, assim como o critério de "eminência". Desta forma, o efeito Marte não possui respaldo científico. (pt) Эффект Марса — гипотеза о предполагаемой зависимости спортивных достижений человека от положения планеты Марс в момент его рождения. Гипотеза была выдвинута в 1950-х годах французским психологом и статистиком Мишелем Гокленом и была подвергнута многочисленным проверкам как со стороны самого Гоклена и его супруги Франсуазы (также психолога), так и других исследователей. Астрологи зачастую ссылаются на эти исследования как на научное доказательство работоспособности астрологии. В то же время научное сообщество не признаёт существование «эффекта Марса». Было обнаружено, что положительные результаты исследований напрямую следовали из ошибок и подтасовок при формировании баз данных для экспериментальных проверок. Статистическая значимость этих результатов также отрицается. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | L'effet Mars est le nom donné à une hypothétique corrélation, dont l'existence a été avancée dans les années 1950 par Michel Gauquelin, entre la destinée de certains sportifs et la position de la planète Mars par rapport à l'horizon et au méridien géographique au moment de leur naissance. Il a été statistiquement et rigoureusement que cet effet n'existe pas. (fr) Marseffect is een in 1955 gerapporteerde correlatie tussen atletische uitmuntendheid en de positie van de planeet Mars ten opzichte van de horizon op het tijdstip van iemands geboorte. Latere onderzoekers hebben de data opnieuw geanalyseerd. Daarbij werden andere verklaringen gegeven. Zo werd het effect aangemerkt als een statistische uitschieter of een gevolg van een . Anderzijds zijn er tegen deze latere onderzoeken ook bezwaren gerezen, waaronder een beschuldiging van . (nl) The Mars effect is a purported statistical correlation between athletic eminence and the position of the planet Mars relative to the horizon at time and place of birth. This controversial finding was first reported by the French psychologist and "neo-astrologer" Michel Gauquelin. In his book L'influence des astres ("The Influence of the Stars", 1955), Gauquelin suggested that a statistically significant number of sports champions were born just after the planet Mars rises or culminates. He also divided the plane of the ecliptic into twelve sectors, identifying two "key" sectors of statistical significance. (en) Efeito Marte é o nome dado à afirmação do psicólogo e "neo-astrólogo" francês Michel Gauquelin de que existe uma correlação, que não pode ser explicada pelo acaso, entre a posição do planeta Marte no céu no momento do nascimento e o fato desta pessoa ser um grande atleta. Se este efeito fosse verdadeiro, seria uma evidência científica da validade da Astrologia. (pt) Эффект Марса — гипотеза о предполагаемой зависимости спортивных достижений человека от положения планеты Марс в момент его рождения. Гипотеза была выдвинута в 1950-х годах французским психологом и статистиком Мишелем Гокленом и была подвергнута многочисленным проверкам как со стороны самого Гоклена и его супруги Франсуазы (также психолога), так и других исследователей. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Effet Mars (fr) Mars effect (en) Marseffect (nl) Efeito Marte (astrologia) (pt) Эффект Марса (ru) |
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