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Master of the Rolls ist nach dem Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales das zweithöchste Richteramt im englischen Rechtssystem. Der Master of the Rolls sitzt dem Zivilsenat des Berufungsgerichtshofs von England und Wales vor. Ihm obliegt auch die Zulassung von Anwälten am Obersten Gerichtshof des Vereinigten Königreichs. (de) The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the President of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and Head of Civil Justice. As a judge, the Master of the Rolls is second in seniority in England and Wales only to the Lord Chief Justice. The position dates from at least 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that. The Master of the Rolls was initially a clerk responsible for keeping the "Rolls" or records of the Court of Chancery, and was known as the Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery. The Keeper was the most senior of the dozen Chancery clerks, and as such occasionally acted as keeper of the Great Seal of the Realm. The post evolved into a judicial one as the Court of Chancery did; the first reference to judicial duties dates from 1520. With the Judicature Act 1873, which merged the Court of Chancery with the other major courts, the Master of the Rolls joined the Chancery Division of the High Court and the Court of Appeal, but left the Chancery Division by the terms of the Judicature Act 1881. The Master of the Rolls had also been warden of the little-used Domus Conversorum for housing Jewish converts, which led to the house and chapel being used to store legal documents and later becoming the location of the Public Record Office. He retained his clerical functions as the nominal head of the Public Record Office until the Public Records Act 1958 transferred responsibility for it to the Lord Chancellor. One residual reminder of this role is the fact that the Master of the Rolls of the day continues to serve, ex officio, as President of the British Records Association. The Master of the Rolls was also previously responsible for registering solicitors, the officers of the Senior Courts. One of the most prominent people to hold the position was Thomas Cromwell, a highly influential figure during the reign of Henry VIII; more recently, Lord Denning held the position for 20 years, from 1962 to 1982, and made sweeping changes in the common law. On 3 October 2016, Sir Terence Etherton succeeded Lord Dyson as Master of the Rolls. In July 2020, it was announced that Sir Geoffrey Vos was to be appointed as his replacement from 11 January 2021. (en) Le Master of the Rolls (ou Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England) est le troisième plus important juge du Royaume-Uni, après le Président de la Cour Suprême du Royaume-Uni et le Lord Chief Justice. À ce titre, il préside la section civile de la Cour d'appel. Le Master of the Rolls connu le plus ancien remonte à 1286, mais il est probable qu'il y en ait eu plus tôt. (fr) Il Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, il Custode o Manutentore dei documenti e delle note della Cancelleria d'Inghilterra, conosciuto come Master of the Rolls, è il secondo giudice più importante in Inghilterra e nel Galles, dopo il Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. Il Master of the Rolls è il funzionario che presiede la divisione civile della Corte d'Appello. Il primo documento riguardante un Master of the Rolls è del 1286, anche se si ritiene che l'ufficio probabilmente esisteva prima di quella data. Il Master of the Rolls è stato inizialmente un ecclesiastico incaricato di tenere la "Rolls", o le annotazioni, della Court of Chancery (Corte della Cancelleria), ed era conosciuto come il "Guardiano dei rotoli" di Chancery (della Cancelleria). Il Keeper ("guardiano") è stato il più anziano della dozzina di funzionari della Cancelleria, e come tale talvolta ha agito come (guardasigilli) o custode del . La posizione si è evoluta in una funzione giudiziaria come ha fatto la Court of Chancery; il primo riferimento a funzioni giurisdizionali risale al 1520. Con il , il Master of the Rolls si trasferisce dalla ora cessata Court of Chancery alla Court of Appeal. Il "Master of the Rolls" conservava ancora le sue funzioni clericali servendo come il capo nominale del Public Record Office (PRO) fino al 1958. Tuttavia, la Public Records Act di quell'anno ha trasferito la responsabilità per il P.R.O. dal Master of the Rolls al Lord cancelliere. Il Master of the Rolls è responsabile anche per i registering solicitors, i procuratori legali, i funzionari delle giurisdizioni superiori. L'attuale Master of the Rolls è , Lord Neuberger of Abbotsbury, che succedette a , Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony, il 1º ottobre 2009, quando Lord Clarke diventò il primo membro nominato direttamente della nuova Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. Tra i Masters of the Rolls, da notare: * dal 1472 al 1479 * Christopher Bainbridge dal 13 novembre 1504 al 22 gennaio 1508 * Thomas Cromwell dal 1534 al 1536 (it) 主事官（英語：Master of the Rolls），全稱卷宗保管及主事官和英格蘭大法官法院記錄官（英語：Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England），是英格蘭和威爾斯司法轄區中继首席法官後第二高級的法官。主事官會同時擔任上訴法院民事分庭庭長和民事審判長（Head of Civil Justice）。此職位的歷史最早可追溯至公元1286年，但相信在更早的歷史時期早已有此職存在。 主事官一職職責起初類似現今的司法書記，負責在（Court of Chancery）保管法律卷宗和法庭記錄，所以此職又名大法官法院卷宗保管官（Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery）保管官是當時大法官法院中最資深的書記，有時會同時兼任國璽掌官（Keeper of the Great Seal）。本職後來演變成大法官法院內的法官職位，在1520年首次進行司法審訊。1873年，英國通過《1873年最高司法院法令》，將大法官法院和其他主要法院合併，而使主事官同時加入高等法院大法官法庭以及上訴法院工作。其後，《》獲通過，主事官以後毋須再在高等法院內任職。本職亦曾經負責看守（Domus Conversorum）用以存放法律文件，而這教堂最後就成為了（Public Record Office）會址。 主事官在歷史上亦是英國國家檔案館前身的英國公共檔案局名義上的首長，不過在1958年，因《》獲通過，主事官的此項權力被轉移到大法官手中。另外，主事官是會以官守議員方式擔任會長。在歷史上，主事官還會負責為英格蘭及威爾斯高級法院（Senior Courts）的事務律師作註冊登記。 托马斯·克伦威尔是歷任主事官中較為著名的一位，他於亨利八世在位期間是個非常有影響力的人。此外，於1962年至1982年間出任主事官的丹寧男爵亦對普通法改革作出過重要貢獻。在2016年10月3日，繼後出任主事官。 (zh) |
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Master of the Rolls ist nach dem Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales das zweithöchste Richteramt im englischen Rechtssystem. Der Master of the Rolls sitzt dem Zivilsenat des Berufungsgerichtshofs von England und Wales vor. Ihm obliegt auch die Zulassung von Anwälten am Obersten Gerichtshof des Vereinigten Königreichs. (de) Le Master of the Rolls (ou Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England) est le troisième plus important juge du Royaume-Uni, après le Président de la Cour Suprême du Royaume-Uni et le Lord Chief Justice. À ce titre, il préside la section civile de la Cour d'appel. Le Master of the Rolls connu le plus ancien remonte à 1286, mais il est probable qu'il y en ait eu plus tôt. (fr) The Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, known as the Master of the Rolls, is the President of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and Head of Civil Justice. As a judge, the Master of the Rolls is second in seniority in England and Wales only to the Lord Chief Justice. The position dates from at least 1286, although it is believed that the office probably existed earlier than that. (en) Il Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England, il Custode o Manutentore dei documenti e delle note della Cancelleria d'Inghilterra, conosciuto come Master of the Rolls, è il secondo giudice più importante in Inghilterra e nel Galles, dopo il Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales. Il Master of the Rolls è il funzionario che presiede la divisione civile della Corte d'Appello. Il primo documento riguardante un Master of the Rolls è del 1286, anche se si ritiene che l'ufficio probabilmente esisteva prima di quella data. Tra i Masters of the Rolls, da notare: (it) 主事官（英語：Master of the Rolls），全稱卷宗保管及主事官和英格蘭大法官法院記錄官（英語：Keeper or Master of the Rolls and Records of the Chancery of England），是英格蘭和威爾斯司法轄區中继首席法官後第二高級的法官。主事官會同時擔任上訴法院民事分庭庭長和民事審判長（Head of Civil Justice）。此職位的歷史最早可追溯至公元1286年，但相信在更早的歷史時期早已有此職存在。 主事官一職職責起初類似現今的司法書記，負責在（Court of Chancery）保管法律卷宗和法庭記錄，所以此職又名大法官法院卷宗保管官（Keeper of the Rolls of Chancery）保管官是當時大法官法院中最資深的書記，有時會同時兼任國璽掌官（Keeper of the Great Seal）。本職後來演變成大法官法院內的法官職位，在1520年首次進行司法審訊。1873年，英國通過《1873年最高司法院法令》，將大法官法院和其他主要法院合併，而使主事官同時加入高等法院大法官法庭以及上訴法院工作。其後，《》獲通過，主事官以後毋須再在高等法院內任職。本職亦曾經負責看守（Domus Conversorum）用以存放法律文件，而這教堂最後就成為了（Public Record Office）會址。 (zh) |
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