Metachromasia (original) (raw)
Metachromasie ist ein Färbeverhalten in histologischen Färbungen, das durch eine andere Farbgebung als die des verwendeten Farbstoffs gekennzeichnet ist, beispielsweise eine violette Färbung von Schleimstoffen mit dem blauen Farbstoff Toluidinblau. Die Fähigkeit eines Gewebes, von Zellen oder Interzellularsubstanzen ein solches Färbeverhalten auszulösen, nennt man Metachromotropie. Physikalisch liegt der Metachromasie eine Verschiebung des Absorptionsmaximums zugrunde, die dazu führt, dass langwelligere Anteile des Lichtspektrums verstärkt wiedergegeben werden.
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| dbo:abstract | Metachromasie ist ein Färbeverhalten in histologischen Färbungen, das durch eine andere Farbgebung als die des verwendeten Farbstoffs gekennzeichnet ist, beispielsweise eine violette Färbung von Schleimstoffen mit dem blauen Farbstoff Toluidinblau. Die Fähigkeit eines Gewebes, von Zellen oder Interzellularsubstanzen ein solches Färbeverhalten auszulösen, nennt man Metachromotropie. Physikalisch liegt der Metachromasie eine Verschiebung des Absorptionsmaximums zugrunde, die dazu führt, dass langwelligere Anteile des Lichtspektrums verstärkt wiedergegeben werden. (de) Se denomina Metacromasia al cambio que ocurre en el color que exhiben ciertos colorantes utilizados en tinciones histológicas cuando se unen a determinadas sustancias presentes en estos tejidos, llamadas . Por ejemplo, el azul de toluidina que asume colores desde el azul rojizo oscuro hasta el púrpura cuando se une a glicosaminglicanos presentes en cartílago. Otros colorantes metacromáticos ampliamente utilizados son los que forman parte de las tinciones hematológicas de Giemsa y , donde estas tinciones contienen colorantes tiazina. El núcleo celular se tiñe de púrpura, los gránulos basófilos de color intensamente magenta, mientras que el citoplasma de diferentes células varía entre el azul intenso y el rosado. La ausencia de cambio de color de una tinción se denomina . (es) L'effet métachromatique est la propriété de certains tissus (conjonctifs, musculaires, nerveux) à modifier leur couleur naturelle à l'aide d'un colorant, elle permet des études cytologiques en Microscopie Optique. Par exemple, le bleu de toluidine à pH acide réagit avec les tissus conjonctifs communs et passe du rouge au violet (indique la présence de glucides). Plus simplement c'est la modification de couleur par rapport aux molécules fixées par le colorant. Exemples de colorants : * Bleu de Toluidine * Acridine * Orange G (colorant fluorescent) * L'Hémalun-éosine * Portail de la médecine (fr) Metachromasia (var. metachromasy) is a characteristical change in the color of staining carried out in biological tissues, exhibited by certain dyes when they bind to particular substances present in these tissues, called . For example, toluidine blue becomes dark blue (with a colour range from blue-red dependent on glycosaminoglycan content) when bound to cartilage. Other widely used metachromatic stains are the haematological Giemsa and May-Grunwald stains that also contain thiazine dyes. The white cell nucleus stains purple, basophil granules intense magenta, whilst the cytoplasms (of mononuclear cells) stains blue. The absence of color change in staining is named orthochromasia. The underlying mechanism for metachromasia requires the presence of polyanions within the tissue. When these tissues are stained with a concentrated basic dye solution, such as toluidine blue, the bound dye molecules are close enough to form dimeric and polymeric aggregates. The light absorption spectra of these stacked dye aggregates differ from those of the individual monomeric dye molecules. Cell and tissue structures that have high concentrations of ionized sulfate and phosphate groups—such as the ground substance of cartilage, heparin-containing granules of mast cells, and rough endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells—exhibit metachromasia. This depends on the charge density of the negative sulfate and carboxylate anions in the glycosaminoglycan (GAG). The GAG polyanion stabilizes the stacked, positively-charged dye molecules, resulting in a spectral shift as the conjugated double bond π-orbitals of adjacent dye molecules overlap. The greater the degree of stacking, the greater the metachromatic shift. Thus, hyaluronic acid, lacking sulphate groups and with only moderate charge density, causes slight metachromasia; chondroitin sulfate, with an additional sulfate residue per GAG saccharide dimer, is an effective metachromatic substrate, whilst heparin, with further N-sulfation, is strongly metachromatic. Therefore, toluidine blue will appear purple to red when it stains these components. The metachromatic properties of dimethylmethylene blue, a thiazine dye closely related to toluidine blue, have been exploited to assay glycosaminoglycans extracted from cartilage and other connective tissues. The absorption peak shifts from about 630 nm (red absorption, therefore blue colour) to about 530 nm in the presence of GAG. Humbel and Etringer's original assay was developed by others to create a stable and widely used dimethylmethylene blue reagent. Although metachromasia was observed and described since 1875, by Cornil, Ranvier and others, it was the German scientist Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) who gave its name and studied it more extensively. The modern understanding of metachromasia was advanced by Belgian histologist Lucien Lison, who studied it between 1933 and 1936 and ascertained its value in the quantitative determination of sulfate esters of high molecular weight. He also studied the metachromasia of nucleic acids. More recently, Karlheinz Toepfer published in 1970 spectral shifts with increasing concentration of the thiazine dyes that matched the spectra of dye:heparin mixtures, showing clearly that metachromasia, corresponding to the colour of stained cartilage, could be reproduced by high concentration of the dye alone in solution. Hence, proximity of the dye molecules was the key parameter in defining metachromasia. Another example of metachromatic dye (fluorochrome) is acridine orange. Under certain conditions it stains single-stranded nucleic acids fluorescing red (red luminescence) while when interacts with double stranded nucleic acids gives green fluorescence. (en) Metachromasie is een histologische kleuring, waarbij het gekleurde object een andere kleur krijgt dan dat van de gebruikte kleurstof. De kleurstof bindt zich aan zogenoemde . Als er geen kleurverandering optreedt wordt dit genoemd. Zo wordt slijmstof violet en kraakbeen roze gekleurd door de blauwe kleurstof toluïdine blauw. De mogelijkheid van een weefsel, van cellen of intercellulairestoffen om met zo'n kleuring te reageren wordt metachromotropie genoemd. Fysisch treedt bij de metachromasie een verschuiving van het absorptiemaximum op, waardoor het langgolvige deel van het zichtbaar spectrum versterkt wordt weergegeven. (nl) La metacromasia è il fenomeno fisico chimico per cui colorando un campione istologico, alcuni elementi del tessuto assumono una colorazione differente da quella del colorante. Questa caratteristica è tipica di coloranti basici (Blu di toluidina, Azzurro A, Alcian Blu) che normalmente colorano in tonalità di blu/violetto i preparati, ma legando molecole polianioniche come i Glicosaminoglicani (GAG), formano multimeri che conferiscono colorazione rossastra (metacromasia). Il cambiamento di colore e quindi il differente range di luce riflessa è dovuto proprio alla formazione di agglomerati molecolari di colorante che assorbono la luce a più alta frequenza (blu) rispetto a quando il colorante si trova in soluzione in forma monomerica (la luce ad alta frequenza è riflessa). Una sostanza polianionica dà metacromasia quando gli anioni sono disposti a distanza inferiore a 5 Å. La metacromasia fu osservata e descritta da Victor André Cornil, Louis-Antoine Ranvier e altri fin dal 1875, ma fu lo scienziato tedesco Paul Ehrlich ad utilizzare per la prima volta questo termine. Al belga si deve lo studio della metacromasia degli acidi nucleici. (it) Метахромазия (metachromasia, от др.-греч. μετά — «через, посредством» + χρῶμα — «цвет, окраска») — свойство клеток и тканей окрашиваться в цвет, отличающийся от цвета самого красителя, а также свойство изменённых клеток и тканей окрашиваться в иной цвет по сравнению с нормальными клетками и тканями. Предполагают, что метахромазия обусловлена полимеризацией молекул красителя под влиянием свободных отрицательных зарядов клеток или ткани. Отмечается при патологии соединительной ткани, опухолевом росте, некробиотических изменениях и в ряде других случаев. В микологии метахроматичность спор может служить важным таксономическим признаком. Метахромазия характерна для волютиновых (полифосфатных) гранул, присущих некоторым бактериям, в том числе возбудителю дифтерии и возбудителю сибирской язвы: метиленовый синий окрашивает волютин в ярко-красный цвет. (ru) |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://jcs.biologists.org/content/s3-91/15/309.abstract http://www.jcb.org/cgi/content/abstract/4/4/433 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0304416586903065 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079633670800080 |
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| dct:subject | dbc:Histology |
| gold:hypernym | dbr:Change |
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| rdfs:comment | Metachromasie ist ein Färbeverhalten in histologischen Färbungen, das durch eine andere Farbgebung als die des verwendeten Farbstoffs gekennzeichnet ist, beispielsweise eine violette Färbung von Schleimstoffen mit dem blauen Farbstoff Toluidinblau. Die Fähigkeit eines Gewebes, von Zellen oder Interzellularsubstanzen ein solches Färbeverhalten auszulösen, nennt man Metachromotropie. Physikalisch liegt der Metachromasie eine Verschiebung des Absorptionsmaximums zugrunde, die dazu führt, dass langwelligere Anteile des Lichtspektrums verstärkt wiedergegeben werden. (de) Se denomina Metacromasia al cambio que ocurre en el color que exhiben ciertos colorantes utilizados en tinciones histológicas cuando se unen a determinadas sustancias presentes en estos tejidos, llamadas . Por ejemplo, el azul de toluidina que asume colores desde el azul rojizo oscuro hasta el púrpura cuando se une a glicosaminglicanos presentes en cartílago. Otros colorantes metacromáticos ampliamente utilizados son los que forman parte de las tinciones hematológicas de Giemsa y , donde estas tinciones contienen colorantes tiazina. El núcleo celular se tiñe de púrpura, los gránulos basófilos de color intensamente magenta, mientras que el citoplasma de diferentes células varía entre el azul intenso y el rosado. (es) Metachromasia (var. metachromasy) is a characteristical change in the color of staining carried out in biological tissues, exhibited by certain dyes when they bind to particular substances present in these tissues, called . For example, toluidine blue becomes dark blue (with a colour range from blue-red dependent on glycosaminoglycan content) when bound to cartilage. Other widely used metachromatic stains are the haematological Giemsa and May-Grunwald stains that also contain thiazine dyes. The white cell nucleus stains purple, basophil granules intense magenta, whilst the cytoplasms (of mononuclear cells) stains blue. The absence of color change in staining is named orthochromasia. (en) La metacromasia è il fenomeno fisico chimico per cui colorando un campione istologico, alcuni elementi del tessuto assumono una colorazione differente da quella del colorante. Questa caratteristica è tipica di coloranti basici (Blu di toluidina, Azzurro A, Alcian Blu) che normalmente colorano in tonalità di blu/violetto i preparati, ma legando molecole polianioniche come i Glicosaminoglicani (GAG), formano multimeri che conferiscono colorazione rossastra (metacromasia). Il cambiamento di colore e quindi il differente range di luce riflessa è dovuto proprio alla formazione di agglomerati molecolari di colorante che assorbono la luce a più alta frequenza (blu) rispetto a quando il colorante si trova in soluzione in forma monomerica (la luce ad alta frequenza è riflessa). Una sostanza poli (it) L'effet métachromatique est la propriété de certains tissus (conjonctifs, musculaires, nerveux) à modifier leur couleur naturelle à l'aide d'un colorant, elle permet des études cytologiques en Microscopie Optique. Par exemple, le bleu de toluidine à pH acide réagit avec les tissus conjonctifs communs et passe du rouge au violet (indique la présence de glucides). Plus simplement c'est la modification de couleur par rapport aux molécules fixées par le colorant. Exemples de colorants : (fr) Metachromasie is een histologische kleuring, waarbij het gekleurde object een andere kleur krijgt dan dat van de gebruikte kleurstof. De kleurstof bindt zich aan zogenoemde . Als er geen kleurverandering optreedt wordt dit genoemd. (nl) Метахромазия (metachromasia, от др.-греч. μετά — «через, посредством» + χρῶμα — «цвет, окраска») — свойство клеток и тканей окрашиваться в цвет, отличающийся от цвета самого красителя, а также свойство изменённых клеток и тканей окрашиваться в иной цвет по сравнению с нормальными клетками и тканями. Предполагают, что метахромазия обусловлена полимеризацией молекул красителя под влиянием свободных отрицательных зарядов клеток или ткани. Отмечается при патологии соединительной ткани, опухолевом росте, некробиотических изменениях и в ряде других случаев. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Metachromasie (de) Metacromasia (es) Métachromasie (fr) Metacromasia (it) Metachromasia (en) Metachromasie (nl) Метахромазия (ru) |
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