Micromanipulator (original) (raw)
A micromanipulator is a device which is used to physically interact with a sample under a microscope, where a level of precision of movement is necessary that cannot be achieved by the unaided human hand. It may typically consist of an input joystick, a mechanism for reducing the range of movement and an output section with the means of holding a microtool to hold, inject, cut or otherwise manipulate the object as required. The mechanism for reducing the movement usually requires the movement to be free of backlash. This is achieved by the use of kinematic constraints to allow each part of the mechanism to move only in one or more chosen degrees of freedom, which achieves a high precision and repeatability of movement, usually at the expense of some absolute accuracy.
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| dbo:abstract | Ein Mikromanipulator (engl. micromanipulator oder micro-manipulating device) mit seinen Zusatzwerkzeugen wie feinen Nadeln, Pipetten oder Elektroden ist ein Zusatzinstrument zum Mikroskop für mechanische Eingriffe an Objekten mit sehr kleinen Dimensionen (im Bereich einiger Mikrometer oder darunter wie beispielsweise Zellen, Bakterien oder Kolloidteilchen). Es wird beispielsweise in der Mikrochirurgie, in der Reproduktionsmedizin zur Zellbearbeitung und zum Positionieren der Messelektrode in der Patch-Clamp-Technik verwendet. Unter optischer Kontrolle (Mikroskop) wird der Mikromanipulator zu Operationen an Geweben und Zellen von Lebewesen verwendet. Mit sehr feinen Mikrokapillaren, Nadeln, Elektroden und anderen Instrumenten können dabei äußerst präzise Eingriffe vorgenommen werden. Die Technik wird als Mikrurgie oder Mikromanipulation bezeichnet. Der Mikromanipulator „übersetzt“ die, bezogen auf das Untersuchungsobjekt, viel zu groben Bewegungen der menschlichen Hand in sehr feine Bewegungen der benutzten Instrumente, welche mechanisch, hydraulisch oder elektronisch gesteuert werden. Typische Mikromanipulatoren gestatten Bewegungen in allen drei Dimensionen des Raumes. Ein Mikromanipulator wurde erstmals 1899 von S. L. Schouten in Utrecht und gleichzeitig von M. A. Barber in Kansas konstruiert. Die Methode der Mikrurgie wurde dann vor allen Dingen durch den amerikanischen Biologen Robert Chambers und den ungarischen Zoologen und Zytologen ausgearbeitet und verfeinert. (de) A micromanipulator is a device which is used to physically interact with a sample under a microscope, where a level of precision of movement is necessary that cannot be achieved by the unaided human hand. It may typically consist of an input joystick, a mechanism for reducing the range of movement and an output section with the means of holding a microtool to hold, inject, cut or otherwise manipulate the object as required. The mechanism for reducing the movement usually requires the movement to be free of backlash. This is achieved by the use of kinematic constraints to allow each part of the mechanism to move only in one or more chosen degrees of freedom, which achieves a high precision and repeatability of movement, usually at the expense of some absolute accuracy. (en) Un micromanipolatore è un dispositivo che viene utilizzato per interagire fisicamente con un campione al microscopio, dove è necessario raggiungere un tale livello di precisione dei movimenti che non può essere realizzato a mano libera.Lo strumento può essere usato per posizionare una micropipetta, un o un microelettrodo in maniera estremamente precisa nelle tre dimensioni, spesso con una risoluzione inferiore al µm. In base al meccanismo di funzionamento esistono differenti tipi di micromanipolatori * pneumatico * idraulico * meccanico * elettrico (it) |
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| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | http://mci-neuroscience.com/fundamentals-series-micromanipulators-part-2/ http://aem.asm.org/cgi/reprint/26/5/829.pdf http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2760405.html http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2760405.pdf http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2800055.html http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2800055.pdf http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2988928.html http://www.freepatentsonline.com/2988928.pdf http://jcs.biologists.org/cgi/reprint/s3-89/8/439.pdf http://mic.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/54/2/287.pdf |
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| rdfs:comment | A micromanipulator is a device which is used to physically interact with a sample under a microscope, where a level of precision of movement is necessary that cannot be achieved by the unaided human hand. It may typically consist of an input joystick, a mechanism for reducing the range of movement and an output section with the means of holding a microtool to hold, inject, cut or otherwise manipulate the object as required. The mechanism for reducing the movement usually requires the movement to be free of backlash. This is achieved by the use of kinematic constraints to allow each part of the mechanism to move only in one or more chosen degrees of freedom, which achieves a high precision and repeatability of movement, usually at the expense of some absolute accuracy. (en) Un micromanipolatore è un dispositivo che viene utilizzato per interagire fisicamente con un campione al microscopio, dove è necessario raggiungere un tale livello di precisione dei movimenti che non può essere realizzato a mano libera.Lo strumento può essere usato per posizionare una micropipetta, un o un microelettrodo in maniera estremamente precisa nelle tre dimensioni, spesso con una risoluzione inferiore al µm. In base al meccanismo di funzionamento esistono differenti tipi di micromanipolatori * pneumatico * idraulico * meccanico * elettrico (it) Ein Mikromanipulator (engl. micromanipulator oder micro-manipulating device) mit seinen Zusatzwerkzeugen wie feinen Nadeln, Pipetten oder Elektroden ist ein Zusatzinstrument zum Mikroskop für mechanische Eingriffe an Objekten mit sehr kleinen Dimensionen (im Bereich einiger Mikrometer oder darunter wie beispielsweise Zellen, Bakterien oder Kolloidteilchen). Es wird beispielsweise in der Mikrochirurgie, in der Reproduktionsmedizin zur Zellbearbeitung und zum Positionieren der Messelektrode in der Patch-Clamp-Technik verwendet. Unter optischer Kontrolle (Mikroskop) wird der Mikromanipulator zu Operationen an Geweben und Zellen von Lebewesen verwendet. Mit sehr feinen Mikrokapillaren, Nadeln, Elektroden und anderen Instrumenten können dabei äußerst präzise Eingriffe vorgenommen werden. Die Te (de) |
| rdfs:label | Mikromanipulator (de) Micromanipolatore (it) Micromanipulator (en) |
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