The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) is a framework for scoring how complex a behavior is, such as verbal reasoning or other cognitive tasks. It quantifies the order of hierarchical complexity of a task based on mathematical principles of how the information is organized, in terms of information science. This model was developed by Michael Commons and Francis Richards in the early 1980s. (en)
Modellen för hierarkisk komplexitet (ofta benämnd MHC efter engelskans Model of Hierarchical Complexity) är ett ramverk utvecklat av bland andra Michael Commons, och det används för att mäta den grad av hierarkisk komplexitet som krävs för att utföra en viss uppgift inom diverse domäner såsom matematik och resonemangsföring kring etiska dilemman. Sveriges ledande forskare på området är Kristian Stålne, som samarbetat direkt med Commons. (sv)
Моде́ль ієрархі́чної скла́дності (англ. Model of hierarchical complexity, скор. MHC) — модель оцінки складності поведінки, такої як користування мовою, логікою, математикою чи виконання інших когнітивних завдань. Ця модель визначає ієрархію рівнів складності когнітивних завдань на основі принципів теорії інформації. Модель розробляється Майклом Коммонсом та іншими дослідниками починаючи з 1980-х. (uk)
Commons, M.L., & Richards, F.A. . A general model of stage theory. In M.L. Commons, F.A. Richards, & C. Armon , Beyond formal operations: Vol. 1. Late adolescent and adult cognitive development . New York: Praeger. (en)
Commons, M.L., & Miller, P.A. . A quantitative behavioral model of developmental stage based upon hierarchical complexity theory. Behavior Analyst Today, 2, 222–240. (en)
Armon, C. . Individuality and autonomy in adult ethical reasoning. In M.L. Commons, J.D. Sinnott, F.A. Richards, & C. Armon , Adult development, Vol. 1. Comparisons and applications of adolescent and adult developmental models, . New York: Praeger. (en)
Commons, M.L., Crone-Todd, D., & Chen, S.J. . Using SAFMEDS and direct instruction to teach the model of hierarchical complexity. The Behavior Analyst Today, 14, 31–45. (en)
Commons, M.L., Lee, P., Gutheil, T.G., Goldman, M., Rubin, E. & Appelbaum, P.S. . Moral stage of reasoning and the misperceived "duty" to report past crimes . International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 18, 415–424. (en)
Kitchener, K.S., & King, P.M. . Reflective judgement: Ten years of research. In M.L. Commons, C. Armon, L. Kohlberg, F.A. Richards, T.A. Grotzer, & J.D. Sinnott , Beyond formal operations: Vol. 2. Models and methods in the study of adolescent and adult thought . New York: Praeger. (en)
Inhelder, B., & Piaget, J. . The growth of logical thinking from childhood to adolescence: An essay on the development of formal operational structures. . New York: Basic Books . (en)
Kallio, E., & Helkama, K. . Formal operations and postformal reasoning: A replication. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. 32, 18–21. (en)
Commons, M.L., Richards, F.A., & Kuhn, D. . Systematic and metasystematic reasoning: A case for a level of reasoning beyond Piaget's formal operations. Child Development, 53, 1058–1069. (en)
Dawson-Tunik, T.L. . "A good education is": The development of evaluative thought across the life span. Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 130, 4–112. (en)
Mascolo, M.F. . The concept of domain in developmental analyses of hierarchical complexity. World Futures, 64, 330–347. (en)
Sonnert, G., & Commons, M.L. . Society and the highest stages of moral development. Politics and the Individual, 4, 31–55. (en)
Commons, M.L. . A comparison and synthesis of Kohlberg's cognitive-developmental and Gewirtz's learning-developmental attachment theories. In J.L. Gewirtz & W.M. Kurtines , Intersections with attachment . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (en)
Commons, M.L., & Wolfsont, C.A. . A complete theory of empathy must consider stage changes. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 30–31. (en)
Commons-Miller, N.H.K. . The stages of atheism. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Adult Development, Atlanta, GA. (en)
Commons, M.L., & Giri, S. . Account of operant conditioning based on coordinating three procedural steps of respondent conditioning processes. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 21, 14–32. (en)
Ross, S.N. . Fractal model of nonlinear hierarchical complexity: Measuring transition dynamics as fractals of themselves. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19, 28–32. (en)
Kallio, E. . Systematic reasoning: Formal or postformal cognition? Journal of Adult Development, 2, 187–192. (en)
Dawson, T.L. . Moral and evaluative reasoning across the life-span. Journal of Applied Measurement, 1, 346–371. (en)
Miller, M. & Cook-Greuter, S. . . Transcendence and mature thought in adulthood. Lanham: MN: Rowman & Littlefield. (en)
Jordan, T. . Late stages of adult development: one linear sequence or several parallel branches? Integral Review, 14, 288–299. (en)
Demetriou, A. . Cognitive development. In A. Demetriou, W. Doise, K.F.M. van Lieshout , Life-span developmental psychology . London: Wiley. (en)
Armon, C. . Ideals of the good life and moral judgment: Evaluative reasoning in children and adults. Moral Education Forum, 9. (en)
Lindsay, P.H., & Norman, D.A. . Human information processing: An introduction to psychology, , New York: Academic Press. (en)
Commons, M.L., Krause, S.R., Fayer, G.A., & Meaney, M. . Atmosphere and stage development in the workplace. In J. Demick & P.M. Miller . Development in the workplace . Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. (en)
Commons, M.L., & Chen, S.J. . Advances in the model of hierarchical complexity . Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19, 37–50. (en)
Kitchener, K.S. & Fischer, K.W. . A skill approach to the development of reflective thinking. In D. Kuhn , Developmental perspectives on teaching and learning thinking skills. Contributions to Human Development: Vol. 21 . (en)
Commons, M.L., Miller, P.M. . A complete theory of human evolution of intelligence must consider stage changes: A commentary on Thomas Wynn's Archeology and cognitive evolution. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 25, 404–405. (en)
Armon, C. . The nature of good work: A longitudinal study. In J. Demick & P.M. Miller , Development in the workplace . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. (en)
Overton, W.F. . Reasoning, necessity, and logic: Developmental perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. (en)
Danaher, D. . Sex role differences in ego and moral development: Mitigation with maturity. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard Graduate School of Education. (en)
Commons, M.L. . Introduction to the model of hierarchical complexity. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 13, 1–6. (en)
Commons, M.L., Goodheart, E.A., & Bresette, L.M. with Bauer, N.F., Farrell, E.W., McCarthy, K.G., Danaher, D.L., Richards, F.A., Ellis, J.B., O'Brien, A.M., Rodriguez, J.A., and Schraeder, D. . Formal, systematic, and metasystematic operations with a balance-beam task series: A reply to Kallio's claim of no distinct systematic stage. Adult Development, 2 , 193–199. (en)
Commons, M.L., Rodriguez, J.A. . The development of hierarchically complex equivalence classes. Psychological Record, 43, 667–697. (en)
Bowman, A.K. . Examples of task and relationship 4b, 5a, 5b statements for task performance, atmosphere, and preferred atmosphere. In M.L. Commons, E.A. Goodheart, T.L. Dawson, P.M. Miller, & D.L. Danaher, The general stage scoring system . Presented at the Society for Research in Adult Development, Amherst, MA. (en)
Commons, M.L., Goodheart, E.A., & Dawson T.L. . Psychophysics of stage: Task complexity and statistical models. Paper presented at the International Objective Measurement Workshop at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. (en)
Commons, M.L., Goodheart, E.A., Rodriguez, J.A., Gutheil, T.G. . Informed Consent: Do you know it when you see it? Psychiatric Annals, June, 430–435. (en)
Armon, C. . Ideals of the good life and moral judgment: Ethical reasoning across the life span. In M.L. Commons, F.A. Richards, & C. Armon , Beyond formal operations: Vol. 1. Late adolescent and adult cognitive development . New York: Praeger. (en)
Commons, M.L., Trudeau, E.J., Stein, S.A., Richards, F.A., & Krause, S.R. . Hierarchical complexity of tasks shows the existence of developmental stages. Developmental Review, 8, 237–278. (en)
Commons, M.L., Giri, S., & Harrigan, W.J. . The small effects of non-hierarchical complexity variables on performance. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19, 31–36. (en)
Kallio, E. . Integrative thinking is the key: an evaluation of current research into the development of adult thinking. Theory & Psychology, 21, 785–801. (en)
Lovell, C.W. . Development and disequilibration: Predicting counselor trainee gain and loss scores on the Supervisee Levels Questionnaire. Journal of Adult Development, 9, 235–240. (en)
Rasch, G. . Probabilistic model for some intelligence and attainment tests. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (en)
Ross, S.N., Commons, M.L., Li, E. Y., Stålne, K., & Barker, C.D. . Toward defining order 16 and describing its performance for the model of hierarchical complexity. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19, 33–36. (en)
Robinson, O.C. . The model of hierarchical complexity. In Development through adulthood: an integrative sourcebook . Houndmills, UK; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (en)
Oliver, C.R. . Impact of catastrophe on pivotal national leaders' vision statements: Correspondences and discrepancies in moral reasoning, explanatory style, and rumination. Doctoral dissertation, Fielding Graduate Institute. (en)
Young, G. . Postformal thought: Commons' model. In Development and causality: neo-Piagetian perspectives . New York: Springer Verlag. (en)
Commons, M.L., Rodriguez, J.A. . "Equal access" without "establishing" religion: The necessity for assessing social perspective-taking skills and institutional atmosphere. Developmental Review, 10, 323–340. (en)
Miller, P.M., & Lee, S.T. . Stages and transitions in child and adult narratives about losses of attachment objects. Paper presented at the Jean Piaget Society. Montreal, Québec, Canada. (en)
Commons, M.L., & Miller, P.M. . Development of behavioral stages in animals. In Marc Bekoff . Encyclopedia of animal behavior. . Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. (en)
Commons, M.L., & Pekker, A. . Presenting the formal theory of hierarchical complexity. World Futures, 64, 375–382. (en)
Lam, M.S. . Women and men scientists' notions of the good life: A developmental approach. Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA. (en)
Commons, M.L., Gane-McCalla, R., Barker, C.D., & Li, E.Y. . The model of hierarchical complexity as a measurement system. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19, 9–14. (en)
Coombs, C.H., Dawes, R.M., & Tversky, A. . Mathematical psychology: An elementary introduction. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. (en)
Funk, J.D. . Postformal cognitive theory and developmental stages of musical composition. In M.L. Commons, J.D. Sinnott, F.A. Richards & C. Armon , Adult Development: Comparisons and applications of developmental models . Westport, CT: Praeger. (en)
Armon, C. & Dawson, T.L. . Developmental trajectories in moral reasoning across the life-span. Journal of Moral Education, 26, 433–453. (en)
Giri, S., Commons, M.L., & Harrigan, W.J. . There is only one stage domain. Behavioral Development Bulletin, 19, 51. (en)
Commons, M.L., Goodheart, E.A., Pekker, A., Dawson, T.L., Draney, K., & Adams, K.M. . Using Rasch scaled stage scores to validate orders of hierarchical complexity of balance beam task sequences. In E.V. Smith, Jr. & R.M. Smith . Rasch measurement: Advanced and specialized applications . Maple Grove, MN: JAM Press. (en)
Commons, M.L., & Richards, F.A. . Applying the general stage model. In M.L. Commons, F.A. Richards, & C. Armon , Beyond formal operations: Vol. 1. Late adolescent and adult cognitive development . New York: Praeger. (en)
Cook-Greuter, S.R. . Maps for living: Ego-development theory from symbiosis to conscious universal embeddedness. In M.L. Commons, J.D. Sinnott, F.A. Richards, & C. Armon . Adult Development: Vol. 2, Comparisons and applications of adolescent and adult developmental models . New York: Praeger. (en)
Lamborn, S., Fischer, K.W., & Pipp, S.L. . Constructive criticism and social lies: A developmental sequence for understanding honesty and kindness in social relationships. Developmental Psychology, 30, 495–508. (en)
The model of hierarchical complexity (MHC) is a framework for scoring how complex a behavior is, such as verbal reasoning or other cognitive tasks. It quantifies the order of hierarchical complexity of a task based on mathematical principles of how the information is organized, in terms of information science. This model was developed by Michael Commons and Francis Richards in the early 1980s. (en)
Modellen för hierarkisk komplexitet (ofta benämnd MHC efter engelskans Model of Hierarchical Complexity) är ett ramverk utvecklat av bland andra Michael Commons, och det används för att mäta den grad av hierarkisk komplexitet som krävs för att utföra en viss uppgift inom diverse domäner såsom matematik och resonemangsföring kring etiska dilemman. Sveriges ledande forskare på området är Kristian Stålne, som samarbetat direkt med Commons. (sv)
Моде́ль ієрархі́чної скла́дності (англ. Model of hierarchical complexity, скор. MHC) — модель оцінки складності поведінки, такої як користування мовою, логікою, математикою чи виконання інших когнітивних завдань. Ця модель визначає ієрархію рівнів складності когнітивних завдань на основі принципів теорії інформації. Модель розробляється Майклом Коммонсом та іншими дослідниками починаючи з 1980-х. (uk)